A process for developing an implementation intervention: QUERI Series
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BACKGROUND: This article describes the process used by the authors in developing an implementation intervention to assist VA substance use disorder clinics in adopting guideline-based practices for treating depression. This article is one in a Series of articles documenting implementation science frameworks and tools developed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Quality Enhancement Research Initiative (QUERI). METHODS: The process involves two steps: 1) diagnosis of site-specific implementation needs, barriers, and facilitators (i.e., formative evaluation); and 2) the use of multi-disciplinary teams of local staff, implementation experts, and clinical experts to interpret diagnostic data and develop site-specific interventions. In the current project, data were collected via observations of program activities and key informant interviews with clinic staff and patients. The assessment investigated a wide range of macro- and micro-level determinants of organizational and provider behavior. CONCLUSION: The implementation development process described here is presented as an optional method (or series of steps) to consider when designing a small scale, multi-site implementation study. The process grew from an evidence-based quality improvement strategy developed for - and proven efficacious in - primary care settings. The authors are currently studying the efficacy of the process across a spectrum of specialty care treatment settings.
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Eleven of the 15 included papers incorporated other approaches, tools, or resources as a component of the intervention design process.
“Eleven of the 15 papers incorporated other approaches, tools, or resources as a component of the intervention design process [14, 19–28].”
From Methods for designing interventions to change healthcare professionals’ behaviour: a systematic review (2017) · cites this paper as [14]
Across the 15 identified methods papers, the number of design tasks ranged from two to seven, with a median of 5.
“All of the 15 identified papers included a number of tasks required for the design process. These steps ranged from two [14] to seven [28] with a median of 5 tasks.”
From Methods for designing interventions to change healthcare professionals’ behaviour: a systematic review (2017) · cites this paper as [14]
Among the papers that covered barrier identification, the methods used included observations, interviews and/or focus groups, surveys, literature reviews, structured reflection by researchers, job analysis and expert consensus, and predictive studies to identify factors influencing behaviour.
“In the papers where barrier identification was covered, the methods included observations, interviews and/or focus groups [14, 18, 30–32], surveys [32], literature reviews [24], structured reflection by the researchers [32], job analysis and expert consensus [18], and undertaking a predictive study to identify factors influencing the behaviour [28].”
From Methods for designing interventions to change healthcare professionals’ behaviour: a systematic review (2017) · cites this paper as [14]
One of the 15 papers used 'development panels' involving staff, research experts, clinical experts, and local champions in meetings and consultations to link barriers to intervention components.
“One paper used what they termed ‘development panels’ which involved staff, research experts, clinical experts, and local champions participating in a range of meetings and consultations [14].”
From Methods for designing interventions to change healthcare professionals’ behaviour: a systematic review (2017) · cites this paper as [14]
Only one study [14] explicitly targeted change in organisations or systems.
“We found only one study [14] that did this explicitly.”
From Methods for designing interventions to change healthcare professionals’ behaviour: a systematic review (2017) · cites this paper as [14]
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Self-citationMapping KT interventions to barriers and facilitators
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Understanding knowledge brokerage and its transformative potential: a Bourdieusian perspective
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Evidence-Based Quality Improvement (EBQI) in the pre-implementation phase: key steps and activities
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Self-citationObesity prevention practices in early care and education settings: an adaptive implementation trial
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Implementation science promotes clinical practice of guidelines: a scoping review
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Self-citationLearning from implementation setbacks: Identifying and responding to contextual challenges
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Usability Evaluation of a Community Pharmacy Health Information Exchange Interface Prototype
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De-implementation of detrimental feeding practices: a pilot protocol
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Self-citationDevelopment of training for medicines-oriented policymakers to apply evidence
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A Practical Guide to Incorporating Health Equity Domains in Implementation FrameworksPreprint
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Self-citationDeveloping an evidence-based reading intervention for early brain injury rehabilitation
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Changing Health-Related Behaviors 3: Lessons from Implementation Science
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Selection of Strategies for Improving Patient Care
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Design Workgroups: An Approach to Adapting Evidence-Based Health Interventions
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- Authors
- Curran, G. M., Mukherjee, S., Allee, E., & Owen, R. R.
- Affiliations
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System (US)
- Corresponding author
- Curran, Geoffrey M
- Venue
- Implementation Science
- Published
- 2008-03-19
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 17-17
- ISSN
- 1748-5908 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2278163
- OpenAlex
- W2059859514
- Cited by
- 110
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 7.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Implementation Science (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- Health Services Research and Development
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Policy Implementation Science
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Clinical practice guidelines implementation
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Sciences Research and Education
- Keywords
- depression treatment, guideline adoption, formative assessment, barriers and facilitators, specialist care, veterans
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