Cited by 962Retinal Development and DisordersRetinal Diseases and TreatmentsGenetic and Kidney Cyst Diseases

Retinitis pigmentosa

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Hamel, Christian·2006·Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases

Abstract

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an inherited retinal dystrophy caused by the loss of photoreceptors and characterized by retinal pigment deposits visible on fundus examination. Prevalence of non syndromic RP is approximately 1/4,000. The most common form of RP is a rod-cone dystrophy, in which the first symptom is night blindness, followed by the progressive loss in the peripheral visual field in daylight, and eventually leading to blindness after several decades. Some extreme cases may have a rapid evolution over two decades or a slow progression that never leads to blindness. In some cases, the clinical presentation is a cone-rod dystrophy, in which the decrease in visual acuity predominates over the visual field loss. RP is usually non syndromic but there are also many syndromic forms, the most frequent being Usher syndrome. To date, 45 causative genes/loci have been identified in non syndromic RP (for the autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked, and digenic forms). Clinical diagnosis is based on the presence of night blindness and peripheral visual field defects, lesions in the fundus, hypovolted electroretinogram traces, and progressive worsening of these signs. Molecular diagnosis can be made for some genes, but is not usually performed due to the tremendous genetic heterogeneity of the disease. Genetic counseling is always advised. Currently, there is no therapy that stops the evolution of the disease or restores the vision, so the visual prognosis is poor. The therapeutic approach is restricted to slowing down the degenerative process by sunlight protection and vitaminotherapy, treating the complications (cataract and macular edema), and helping patients to cope with the social and psychological impact of blindness. However, new therapeutic strategies are emerging from intensive research (gene therapy, neuroprotection, retinal prosthesis).

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  • RP is a set of rare inherited retinal rod-cone dystrophies causing loss of night vision and constriction of the visual field, later followed by cone dysfunction and eventually total blindness.

    “Unlike AMD, RP is a set of rare inherited retinal rod-cone dystrophies, causing loss of night vision and the constriction of the visual field (tunnel vision), later followed by cone dysfunction and eventually total blindness (figure 4(c)) [5,22].”

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  1. Ammann F, Klein D, Franceschetti A: Genetic and epidemiologi- cal investigation of pigmentary degeneration of the retina and allied disorders in Switzerland. J Neurol Sci 1965, 2:183-196.

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Authors
Hamel, C.
Affiliations
Inserm (FR)
Corresponding author
Hamel, Christian
Venue
Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases
Published
2006-10-11
Volume
1
Issue
1
Pages
40-40
ISSN
1750-1172 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3188379877
Cited by
962
References
60
Citations by year
2026: 48 · 2025: 77 · 2024: 81 · 2023: 80 · 2022: 93 · 2021: 83 · 2020: 64 · 2019: 65 · 2018: 54 · 2017: 58 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 40 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 33
FWCI
0.74
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinal Development and Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Kidney Cyst Diseases
Keywords
retinitis pigmentosa, inherited retinal disease, photoreceptor degeneration, cone-rod dystrophy, Usher syndrome, night blindness, peripheral visual field loss, electroretinogram, genetic heterogeneity, gene therapy, neuroprotection, retinal prosthesis, vitamin therapy, genetic counseling, blindness
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Humans, Infant, Metabolic Diseases, Nervous System Diseases, Night Blindness, Pregnancy, Prenatal Diagnosis, Prognosis, Retinitis Pigmentosa, Rhodopsin, Sensation Disorders, Syndrome, Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells

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