ApoE mimetic peptide decreases Aβ production in vitro and in vivo
Open accessAbstract
Background: Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is postulated to affect brain Aβ levels through multiple mechanisms--by altering amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing, Aβ degradation, and Aβ clearance. We previously showed that an apoE-derived peptide containing a double repeat of the receptor-binding region was similarly effective in increasing APP processing in vivo. Here, we further examined whether peptides containing tandem repeats of the apoE receptor-binding region (amino acids 141-149) affected APP trafficking, APP processing, and Aβ production. Results: We found that peptides containing a double or triple tandem repeat of the apoE receptor-binding region, LRKLRKRLL, increased cell surface APP and decreased Aβ levels in PS1-overexpressing PS70 cells and in primary neurons. This effect was potentiated by a sequential increase in the number of apoE receptor-binding domain repeats (trimer > dimer > monomer). We previously showed that the apoE dimer increased APP CTF in vivo; to determine whether the dimer also affected secreted APP or Aβ levels, we performed a single hippocampal injection of the apoE dimer in wild-type mice and analyzed its effect on APP processing. We found increased sAPPα and decreased Aβ levels at 24 hrs after treatment, suggesting that the apoE dimer may increase α-secretase cleavage. Conclusions: These data suggest that small peptides consisting of tandem repeats of the apoE receptor-binding region are sufficient to alter APP trafficking and processing. The potency of these peptides increased with increasing repeats of the receptor binding domain of apoE. In addition, in vivo administration of the apoE peptide (dimer) increased sAPPα and decreased Aβ levels in wild-type mice. Overall, these findings contribute to our understanding of the effects of apoE on APP processing and Aβ production both in vitro and in vivo.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
ApoE mimetic peptide affected APP trafficking and inhibited Aβ production.
“apoE mimetic peptide affected APP trafficking and inhibited Aβ production (Minami et al., 2010).”
From Apolipoprotein E in Synaptic Plasticity and Alzheimer’s Disease: Potential Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms (2014) · cites this paper as Minami et al., 2010
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Strittmatter, W. J., Weisgraber, K. H., Huang, D. Y., Dong, L. M., Salvesen, G. S., Pericak-Vance, M., Schmechel, D., Saunders, A. M., Goldgaber, D., & Roses, A. D. (1993) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.90.17.8098 · Cited by 1,363 · see citing works
Namba, Y., Tomonaga, M., Kawasaki, H., Otomo, E., & Ikeda, K. (1991) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(91)91092-f · Cited by 1,157 · see citing works
Lammich, S., Kojro, E., Postina, R., Gilbert, S., Pfeiffer, R., Jasionowski, M., Haass, C., & Fahrenholz, F. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.7.3922 · Cited by 1,132 · see citing works
Holtzman, D. M., Bales, K. R., Tenkova, T., Fagan, A. M., Parsadanian, M., Sartorius, L. J., Mackey, B., Olney, J., McKeel, D., Wozniak, D., et al. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.050004797 · Cited by 937 · see citing works
ApoE Promotes the Proteolytic Degradation of Aβ
Jiang, Q., Lee, C. Y. D., Mandrekar, S., Wilkinson, B., Cramer, P., Zelcer, N., Mann, K., Lamb, B., Willson, T. M., Collins, J. L., et al. (2008) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.04.010 · Cited by 876 · see citing works
Saura, C. A., Choi, S.-Y., Beglopoulos, V., Malkani, S., Zhang, D., Rao, B. S. S., Chattarji, S., Kelleher, R. J., Kandel, E. R., Duff, K., et al. (2004) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(04)00182-5 · Cited by 757 · see citing works
Apolipoprotein E promotes astrocyte colocalization and degradation of deposited amyloid-β peptides
Koistinaho, M., Lin, S., Wu, X., Esterman, M., Koger, D., Hanson, J., Higgs, R., Liu, F., Malkani, S., Bales, K. R., et al. (2004) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1058 · Cited by 571 · see citing works
Sanan, D. A., Weisgraber, K. H., Russell, S. J., Mahley, R. W., Huang, D., Saunders, A., Schmechel, D., Wisniewski, T., Frangione, B., & Roses, A. D. (1994) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci117407 · Cited by 404 · see citing works
Maturation and Endosomal Targeting of β-Site Amyloid Precursor Protein-cleaving Enzyme
Huse, J. T., Pijak, D. S., Leslie, G. J., Lee, V. M.-Y., & Doms, R. W. (2000) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m004175200 · Cited by 402 · see citing works
Fagan, A. M., Watson, M., Parsadanian, M., Bales, K. R., Paul, S. M., & Holtzman, D. M. (2002) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1006/nbdi.2002.0483 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Xia, W., Zhang, J., Kholodenko, D., Citron, M., Podlisny, M. B., Teplow, D. B., Haass, C., Seubert, P. A., Koo, E. H., & Selkoe, D. J. (1997) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.272.12.7977 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Ye, S., Huang, Y., Müllendorff, K., Dong, L., Giedt, G., Meng, E. C., Cohen, F. E., Kuntz, I. D., Weisgraber, K. H., & Mahley, R. W. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0508693102 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
TOKUDA, T., CALERO, M., MATSUBARA, E., VIDAL, R., KUMAR, A., PERMANNE, B., ZLOKOVIC, B., SMITH, J. D., LADU, M. J., ROSTAGNO, A., et al. (2000) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj3480359 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Dodart, J.-C., Marr, R. A., Koistinaho, M., Gregersen, B. M., Malkani, S., Verma, I. M., & Paul, S. M. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0409072102 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Parvathy, S., Hussain, I., Karran, E. H., Turner, A. J., & Hooper, N. M. (1999) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi9906827 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Näslund, J., Thyberg, J., Tjernberg, L. O., Wernstedt, C., Karlström, A. R., Bogdanović, N., Gandy, S., Lannfelt, L., Terenius, L. Y., & Nordstedt, C. (1995) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/0896-6273(95)90079-9 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
New Therapeutic Targets in the Neurovascular Pathway in Alzheimer's Disease
Zloković, B. V. (2008) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.nurt.2008.05.011 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Lynch, J., Wang, H.-C., Mace, B., Leinenweber, S. B., Warner, D., Bennett, E. R., Vitek, M., McKenna, S., & Laskowitz, D. (2005) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2004.11.014 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Zerbinatti, C. V., Wahrle, S. E., Kim, H., Cam, J. A., Bales, K., Paul, S. M., Holtzman, D. M., & Bu, G. (2006) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m604436200 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Multiple pathways of apolipoprotein E signaling in primary neurons
Hoe, H., Harris, D. C., & Rebeck, G. W. (2005) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.03007.x · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Self-citationHe, X., Cooley, K., Chung, C. H. Y., Dashti, N., & Tang, J. (2007) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3993-06.2007 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Low‐density lipoprotein receptors regulate microglial inflammation through c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase
Pocivavsek, A., Burns, M. P., & Rebeck, G. W. (2008) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.20772 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Self-citationLaskowitz, D., McKenna, S., Song, P., Wang, H.-C., Durham, L., Yeung, N., Christensen, D., & Vitek, M. (2007) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2006.0192 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Li, F., Sempowski, G. D., McKenna, S., Laskowitz, D. T., Colton, C. A., & Vitek, M. P. (2006) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.106.103671 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Hoe, H.-S., Cooper, M. J., Burns, M. P., Lewis, P. A., van der Brug, M., Chakraborty, G., Cartagena, C. M., Pak, D. T. S., Cookson, M. R., & Rebeck, G. W. (2007) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3135-07.2007 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationApolipoprotein E modulates γ‐secretase cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein
Irizarry, M. C., Deng, A., Lleo, A., Berezovska, O., Von Arnim, C. A. F., Martin‐Rehrmann, M., Manelli, A., LaDu, M. J., Hyman, B. T., & Rebeck, G. W. (2004) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02581.x · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Self-citationRoses, A. D. (2006) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2006-9s340 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Regulation of ApoE receptor proteolysis by ligand binding
Hoe, H.-S., & Rebeck, G. W. (2005) · Molecular Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.molbrainres.2005.02.013 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Self-citationBeffert, U., Aumont, N., Dea, D., Lussier‐Cacan, S., Davignon, J., & Poirier, J. (1998) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.70041458.x · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Analysis of a Novel Mechanism of Neuronal Toxicity Produced by an Apolipoprotein E‐Derived Peptide
Moulder, K. L., Narita, M., Chang, L. K., Bu, G., & Johnson, E. M. (1999) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0721069.x · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Dodart, J.-C., Bales, K. R., Johnstone, E. M., Little, S. P., & Paul, S. M. (2002) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(02)03437-6 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Effects of apoE on neuronal signaling and APP processing in rodent brain
Hoe, H.-S., Pocivavsek, A., Dai, H., Chakraborty, G., Harris, D. C., & Rebeck, G. W. (2006) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2006.07.035 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationAssociation of human, rat, and rabbit apolipoprotein E with β‐amyloid
LaDu, M. J., Lukens, J. R., Reardon, C. A., & Getz, G. S. (1997) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4547(19970701)49:1
Cole (2000) · doi:10.1002/1097-0029(20000815)50:4
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Apolipoprotein E in Alzheimer's Disease: An Update
Yu, J.-T., Tan, L., & Hardy, J. (2014) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-071013-014300 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Uddin, M. S., Kabir, M. T., Al Mamun, A., Abdel-Daim, M. M., Barreto, G. E., & Ashraf, G. M. (2019) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-018-1237-z · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Yamazaki, Y., Painter, M. M., Bu, G., & Kanekiyo, T. (2016) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-016-0361-4 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Kim, J., Yoon, H., Basak, J., & Kim, J. (2014) · Molecules and Cells · doi:10.14348/molcells.2014.0248 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
“In addition, apoE mimetic peptide affected APP trafficking and inhibited A production (Minami et al., 2010).”
BackgroundApolipoprotein E, amyloid-beta, and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease
Dorey, E., Chang, N., Liu, Q. Y., Yang, Z., & Zhang, W. (2014) · Neuroscience Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s12264-013-1422-z · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Association of Rare <i>APOE</i> Missense Variants V236E and R251G With Risk of Alzheimer Disease
Le Guen, Y., Belloy, M. E., Grenier-Boley, B., de Rojas, I., Castillo-Morales, A., Jansen, I., Nicolas, A., Bellenguez, C., Dalmasso, C., Küçükali, F., et al. (2022) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.1166 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Biomimetic drug-delivery systems for the management of brain diseases
Chen, Y., Wei, C., Lyu, Y., Chen, H., Jiang, G., & Gao, X. (2019) · Biomaterials Science · doi:10.1039/c9bm01395d · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Apolipoprotein mimetic peptides: Mechanisms of action as anti-atherogenic agents
Osei-Hwedieh, D. O., Amar, M. J., Sviridov, D., & Remaley, A. T. (2010) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.12.003 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Molecular Insight into the Therapeutic Promise of TargetingAPOE4for Alzheimer’s Disease
Mamun, A. A., Uddin, M. S., Bashar, M. F. B., Zaman, S., Begum, Y., Bulbul, I. J., Islam, M. S., Sarwar, M. S., Mathew, B., Amran, M. S., et al. (2020) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2020/5086250 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Apolipoprotein E Mimetics and Cholesterol-Lowering Properties
Sharifov, O. F., Nayyar, G., Garber, D. W., Handattu, S. P., Mishra, V., Goldberg, D., Anantharamaiah, G. M., & Gupta, H. (2011) · American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs · doi:10.2165/11594190-000000000-00000 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Extracellular Proteolysis of Apolipoprotein E (apoE) by Secreted Serine Neuronal Protease
Tamboli, I. Y., Heo, D., & Rebeck, G. W. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0093120 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationZhang, S., Asghar, S., Zhu, C., Ye, J., Lin, L., Liu, X., Hu, Z., Chen, Z., Shao, F., & Xiao, Y. (2021) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.05.044 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Therapeutic potential of ApoE-mimetic peptides in CNS disorders: Current perspective
Ahmed, S., Pande, A. H., & Sharma, S. S. (2022) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114051 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
A Tetra(Ethylene Glycol) Derivative of Benzothiazole Aniline Enhances Ras-Mediated Spinogenesis
Megill, A., Lee, T., DiBattista, A. M., Song, J. M., Spitzer, M. H., Rubinshtein, M., Habib, L. K., Capule, C. C., Mayer, M., Turner, R. S., et al. (2013) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1615-12.2013 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationMartín, X. E., Martínez, M. F., Alcelay, L. G., Salazar, A. M., Gandarias, R. B., Borda, S. I., Busto, F. G., Valiente, J., Juanbeltz, B. I., Gómez‐Beldarrain, M. Á., et al. (2011) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000335541 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Benita, B. A., & Koss, K. M. (2024) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2024.1443985 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
NMDA Inhibitors: A Potential Contrivance to Assist in Management of Alzheimer’s Disease
Painuli, S., Semwal, P., Zam, W., Taheri, Y., Ezzat, S. M., Zuo, P., Li, L., Kumar, D., Sharifi‐Rad, J., & Martins, N. A. (2022) · Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening · doi:10.2174/1386207325666220428112541 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Xu, C., Liu, J., Guo, M., Wang, J., Bai, X., Zhang, C., Luan, X., Pei, H., Liu, H., Lv, X., et al. (2025) · Research · doi:10.34133/research.0746 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Xenobiotic Binding Domain of Glutathione S-Transferase Has Cryptic Antimicrobial Peptides
Horam, S., Raj, S., Tripathi, V. C., Pant, G., Mitra, K., Reddy, T. J., Arockiaraj, J., & Pasupuleti, M. (2018) · International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics · doi:10.1007/s10989-018-9793-7 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Bi, D., Hal, A. V., Aschmann, D., Shen, M., Zhang, H., Su, L., Arias‐Alpizar, G., Kros, A., Barz, M., & Bussmann, J. (2024) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.202310781 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Apolipoprotein-mimetic Peptides: Current and Future Prospectives
Pande, A. H., Nankar, S. A., Ahmed, S., & Sharma, S. S. (2022) · Current Protein and Peptide Science · doi:10.2174/1389203723666221003122624 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Delk, S. C., Gurgis, F. W., & Reddy, S. T. (2025) · Seminars in Cancer Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2025.05.006 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Catalano, F., Vlaar, E. C., Katsavelis, D., Dammou, Z., Huizer, T. F., van den Bosch, J. C., Hoogeveen‐Westerveld, M., van den Hout, J. M. P., Oussoren, E., Ruijter, G. J. G., et al. (2023) · Molecular Therapy — Methods & Clinical Development · doi:10.1016/j.omtm.2023.101149 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The Impact of Apolipoprotein E Allelic Variants on Alzheimer’s Disease
Serrano, E., Sanz, P. G., & Barrantes, F. J. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-61721-9_29 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Apolipoprotein E and Mimetics as Targets and Therapeutics for Alzheimer’s Disease
Vitek, M. P., Li, F., & Colton, C. A. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-17350-4_11 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Guen, Y. L., Belloy, M. E., Grenier‐Boley, B., de Rojas, I., Castillo-Morales, A., Jansen, I. E., Nicolas, A., Bellenguez, C., Dalmasso, C., Küçükali, F., et al. (2022) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.060114 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Pharmacogenomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases: Roles in Personalized Medicines
Gupta, A. K., Evande, R. E., Dutta, R., Tan, C., & Mahato, R. I. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-68237-7_34 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Role of the 39-kDa receptor-associated protein (RAP) in Alzheimer's disease
Hoang, T. (2012) · UTAS Research Repository · doi:10.25959/23206328
ABCA1, Apoe and apoA-I As Potential Therapeutic Targets for Treating Alzheimer’s Disease
Namjoshi, D., Stukas, S. K., & Wellington, C. L. (2011) · Neurodegenerative Disease Management · doi:10.2217/nmt.11.23
Dorey, E. (2012) · uO Research (University of Ottawa) · doi:10.20381/ruor-6258
Domain-substituted IGF2 tag modulates targeting of lentiviral gene therapy for Hunter syndrome
Catalano, F., Stevic, D., Zundo, G., Huizer, T. F., Dammou, Z., Vlaar, E. C., Katsavelis, D., van den Bosch, J. C., van den Hout, J. M. P., Oussoren, E., et al. (2025) · EMBO Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1038/s44321-025-00314-3
Role of apolipoprotein E4 in alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis and emerging therapeutic strategies
Natarajan, S., & Saraswathy, S. D. (2025) · Metabolic Brain Disease · doi:10.1007/s11011-025-01761-0
Frosina, M., Maurotti, S., Castagna, A., Montalcini, T., Pujia, A., & Tirinato, L. (2026) · MedComm · doi:10.1002/mco2.70789
- Authors
- Minami, S. S., Cordova, A., Cirrito, J. R., Tesoriero, J. A., Babus, L. W., Davis, G. C., Dakshanamurthy, S., Turner, R. S., Pak, D. T., Rebeck, G. W., Paige, M., & Hoe, H.-S.
- Affiliations
- Georgetown University (US)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Georgetown University Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Paige, Mikell
- Hoe, Hyang-Sook
- ORCID
- Venue
- Molecular Neurodegeneration
- Published
- 2010-04-20
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 16-16
- ISSN
- 1750-1326 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2890633
- OpenAlex
- W2148252065
- Cited by
- 34
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Molecular Neurodegeneration (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Commons@Becker (Washington University School of Medicine) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Georgetown University
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG026478, P01AG030128, R03AG034253)
- National Cancer Institute (T32CA009686)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS048085)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- apolipoprotein E, amyloid-beta production, APP processing, APP trafficking, APP C-terminal fragments, Alzheimer's disease, hippocampal injection
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
