Efficacy of an imidacloprid/flumethrin collar against fleas, ticks, mites and lice on dogs
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BACKGROUND: The studies reported here were conducted to ascertain the efficacy of imidacloprid/flumethrin incorporated in a slow-release matrix collar, against infestations of dogs by fleas, ticks, mites and lice. Efficacy was evaluated against the flea Ctenocephalides felis felis, the ticks Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes scapularis, Dermacentor reticulatus and Dermacentor variabilis, the mite Sarcoptes scabiei and the biting louse Trichodectes canis. METHODS: Groups of collar-treated dogs (n = 7-10) were infested with fleas and/or ticks at monthly intervals at least, over a period of up to 8 months. Efficacy against fleas was evaluated 24 to 48 h after treatment and 24 h after each re-infestation. Efficacy against ticks was evaluated at 48 h (acaricidal), 6 h (repellent) and 48 h (sustained) after infestation. The effect of regular shampooing or immersion in water on the efficacy of the collars was also tested. Efficacy against flea larvae was assessed by incubating blanket samples after dog contact with viable flea eggs. Effectiveness against lice and mites was evaluated after treatment of naturally infested animals. With the exception of the mites, efficacy was calculated by comparison with untreated negative control groups. RESULTS: Efficacy against fleas (24 h) generally exceeded 95%, and against flea larvae it exceeded 99% for 8 months. Sustained acaricidal (48 h) efficacy, covering a period of 8 months was 100% against I. ricinus, starting 2 days after treatment (in vivo), and 100% against I. scapularis (in vitro), above 97% against R. sanguineus, generally above 97% against D. reticulatus and above 90% for D. variabilis.Repellent (6 h) efficacy 2 days after treatment and continuing for 8 months was consistently 100% against I. ricinus, and above 90% against R. sanguineus.Regular shampooing affected efficacy against fleas and ticks to a lesser extent than regular immersion in water.The collars eliminated Trichodectes canis within 2 days and Sarcoptes scabiei within 3 months. CONCLUSION: The rapid insecticidal and acaricidal properties of the medicated collars against newly-acquired infestations of fleas and ticks and their sustained high levels of preventive efficacy have been clearly shown. Consequently they have the potential to prevent the transmission of vector-borne diseases and other conditions directly associated with infestation throughout an entire season of parasite abundance.
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Repeated exposure to flea bites induces flea allergy dermatitis (FAD) in susceptible dogs and cats.
“Repeated exposure to flea bites induces, in susceptible dogs and cats, a condition called flea allergy dermatitis (FAD).”
From Fleas infesting pets in the era of emerging extra-intestinal nematodes (2013) · cites this paper as [17]
Dogs with FAD present with erythema, alopecia, excoriation, papules, crusts and itching often leading to self-traumas, while cats show a miliary dermatitis with nibbling, alopecia, intense pruritus, licking, scratching and self-traumas.
“Dogs with FAD (Figure 4) present with erythema, alopecia, excoriation, papules, crusts, itching often leading to self-traumas (Figure 5), while cats show a miliary dermatitis (Figure 6) with nibbling, alopecia (Figure 7), intense pruritus, licking, scratching, self-traumas [15-18].”
From Fleas infesting pets in the era of emerging extra-intestinal nematodes (2013) · cites this paper as [17]
Seasonal treatment with formulations containing residual insecticides and/or repellents is the usual basis for flea control.
“This is usually based on seasonal treatment with formulations containing residual insecticides and/or repellents [7,17,18,101,147], most of which are out of the scope of the present article.”
From Fleas infesting pets in the era of emerging extra-intestinal nematodes (2013) · cites this paper as [17]
A year round approach is not applied for fleas by pet owners and veterinarians, because control of pulicosis is traditionally suggested from late winter or early spring and continued throughout summer until autumn.
“In general, a year round approach is not applied for fleas by pet owners and veterinarians, because control of pulicosis is traditionally suggested from late winter or early spring and continued throughout summer until autumn.”
From Fleas infesting pets in the era of emerging extra-intestinal nematodes (2013) · cites this paper as [17]
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Groff, K., & Bishop, P. (2017) · Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.07.002 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Canine flea control: too much choice?
Paterson, S. (2019) · Companion animal · doi:10.12968/coan.2019.0041 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Therapy of Established Infections
Wiebe, V. J. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118911167.ch3 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Buisson, M., Dumas, L., Gouffran, C., Déaux, É. C., Rougier, L., & Masson, S. (2025) · Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/jvp.13508 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
LeishVet update and current recommendations on feline leishmaniosis
Pennisi, M. G., Baneth, G., Bourdeau, P. J., Cardoso, L., Miró, G., Ordeix, L., Solano‐Gallego, L., & Oliva, G. (2026) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-026-07642-4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Comparative evaluation of the application of modern ectoparasiticides
Paliy, А., Сумакова, Н. В., Павліченко, О. В., Rodionova, K., Bohach, О. М., Ihnatieva, T. M., & Palii, А. P. (2021) · Journal for Veterinary Medicine Biotechnology and Biosafety · doi:10.36016/jvmbbs-2021-7-3-2
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- Authors
- Stanneck, D., Kruedewagen, E. M., Fourie, J. J., Horak, I. G., Davis, W., & Krieger, K. J.
- Affiliations
- Bayer (Germany) (DE)
- Clinvet (ZA)
- University of the Free State (ZA)
- Corresponding author
- Stanneck, Dorothee
- Venue
- Parasites & Vectors
- Published
- 2012-05-30
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 102-102
- ISSN
- 1756-3305 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3433312
- OpenAlex
- W2106654502
- Cited by
- 62
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 4.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Parasites & Vectors (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- UpSpace Institutional Repository (University of Pretoria) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Vector-borne infectious diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Dermatological diseases and infestations
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Insect Pest Control Strategies
- Keywords
- imidacloprid, flumethrin, dogs, flea control, tick control, mite control, lice control, Ctenocephalides felis felis, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes scapularis, Dermacentor reticulatus, Dermacentor variabilis, Sarcoptes scabiei, Trichodectes canis, acaricidal efficacy, repellent efficacy, flea larvae
- MeSH terms
- Neonicotinoids, Animals, Dog Diseases, Dogs, Ectoparasitic Infestations, Siphonaptera, Imidazoles, Insecticides, Larva, Phthiraptera, Mites, Nitro Compounds, Pyrethrins, Ticks, Acaricides
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