Heartworms, macrocyclic lactones, and the specter of resistance to prevention in the United States

Bowman, Dwight D

doi:10.1186/1756-3305-5-138

Cited by 82Parasitic Diseases Research and TreatmentHelminth infection and controlVector-borne infectious diseases

Heartworms, macrocyclic lactones, and the specter of resistance to prevention in the United States

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Bowman, Dwight D·2012·Parasites & Vectors

DOI 10.1186/1756-3305-5-138PMC PMC3406940

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Abstract

In order to provide a background to current concerns relative to the possible resistance of heartworms to macrocyclic lactones, this review summarizes various studies in which lack of efficacies (LOEs) have been observed in dogs on macrocyclic lactone preventives relative to the United States of America. Some of these studies have been published in the peer-reviewed literature, others have appeared in various reports to the Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the USA as New Animal Drug Application (NADA) summaries, and one appeared as a letter to US veterinarians. This review also discusses reports relating to the potential problem of heartworm resistance in microfilariae and third-stage larvae, as well as molecular markers associated with resistance to macrocyclic lactones within Dirofilaria immitis. As more work is being done in this area of great concern relative to the protection of dogs from infection using this class of preventives, it seems timely to summarize what is known about heartworms, their potential resistance to treatment, and the means of selecting for resistance genes in populations of this helminth in the laboratory and in the field.

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There is the first laboratory evidence that microfilariae and third-stage larvae of D. immitis can show a degree of resistance to certain parasiticides.
“This is even more important if one considers that there is the first laboratory evidence that microfilariae and third-stage larvae of D. immitis can show a degree, although how much is yet to be established, of resistance to certain parasiticides [187].”
From Fleas infesting pets in the era of emerging extra-intestinal nematodes (2013) · cites this paper as [187]

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Blagburn BL Vaughan JL Butler JM Mount JD Spencer JA Carmichael J Schenker R Evaluation of susceptibility of heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) biotypes to macrocyclic lactones using microfilariae-based single dose and dose-mortality regression assays [abstract] Proceedings of the AAVP 56th Annual Meeting 2011 St. Louis, MO 110 16–19 July 2011
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Self-citation

Authors: Bowman, D. D.
Affiliations: Cornell University (US)
Corresponding author: Bowman, Dwight D
ORCID: Bowman, Dwight D
Venue: Parasites & Vectors
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2012-07-09
Volume: 5
Issue: 1
Pages: 138-138
ISSN: 1756-3305 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-5-138
PMC: PMC3406940
OpenAlex: W2116059523
Cited by: 82
References: 17
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 4
FWCI: 3.98
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 (tdm)
Locations: Parasites & Vectors (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders: College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University
U.S. Military Academy
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment
Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Helminth infection and control
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Vector-borne infectious diseases
Keywords: heartworm disease, Dirofilaria immitis, macrocyclic lactones, ivermectin, dogs, lack of efficacy, microfilariae, third-stage larvae, molecular markers of resistance, drug resistance selection
MeSH terms: Animals, Anthelmintics, Dirofilaria immitis, Dog Diseases, Dogs, Drug Resistance, Lactones, United States

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Heartworms, macrocyclic lactones, and the specter of resistance to prevention in the United States

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