Simultaneous Exposure to Angiostrongylus vasorum and Vector-Borne Pathogens in Dogs from Italy
Open accessAbstract
Several drivers have recently fostered the expansion of Angiostrongylus vasorum throughout Europe, where Vector-Borne Pathogens (VBPs) are also spreading. However, the level of simultaneous risk of infection is still unknown in canine populations. This study evaluated the simultaneous exposure to A. vasorum and major canine VBPs in dogs of Italy. Sera of 294 dogs were subjected to two ELISAs, detecting A. vasorum circulating antigens and antibodies against the parasite, and to the following assays: (i) SNAP® 4DX (IDEXX Laboratories Inc.) detecting Dirofilaria immitis antigens, and antibodies vs. Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma spp. and Ehrlichia spp. and (ii) IFAT for the detection of antibodies vs. Leishmania infantum, Babesia canis and Rickettsia conorii. Twenty-two (7.5%, CI: 4.8–11.1%) and six (2%, CI: 0.7–4.4%) dogs scored positive for circulating A. vasorum antibodies and antigens, respectively. Seventeen dogs (5.8%, CI: 3.4–9.1%) were positive for A. vasorum antibodies + at least one VBP, three (1%, CI: 0.2–3%) for A. vasorum antigen + at least one VBP, while one dog (0.3%, CI: 0.01–1.88%) was positive for A. vasorum antigen + A. vasorum antibodies + B. canis antibodies. These results show that dogs living in different regions of Italy are at risk of simultaneous infections with both A. vasorum and VBPs. Despite the same scenario being likely in other countries of Europe, the current knowledge is scant. Therefore, further studies are warranted to amplify current epizootiological information and to understand whether control programs should be improved.
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In central Italy (Latium, Tuscany, Umbria), canine heartworm prevalence ranged from 0.2 to 6.9%, while in southern Italy it ranged between 0.2 and 44.2%.
“In Latium, Tuscany, and Umbria (central Italy), prevalence ranged from 0.2 to 6.9% [29,32,33], while in southern Italy, the prevalence ranged between 0.2 and 44.2% [34,35,36,37].”
From What has happened to heartworm disease in Europe in the last 10 years? (2022) · cites this paper as [37]
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- [143]Diakou A. Concern for Dirofilaria immitis and LOE/Resistance: Current situation in the USA and Europe, and future scenarios Proceedings of the XXXIII Conference of the Italian Society of Parasitology/2021 ESDA EVENT Teramo, Italy 16–19 June 2021
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Morelli, S., Gori, F., Colombo, M., Traversa, D., Sarrocco, G., Simonato, G., Nespeca, C., Di Cesare, A., Frangipane di Regalbono, A., Veronesi, F., Russi, I., & Schnyder, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Teramo (IT)
- University of Zurich (CH)
- University of Padua (IT)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, 35020 Lengaro, Italy
- University of Perugia (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Morelli, Simone
- ORCID
- Venue
- Pathogens
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-09-15
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1200
- ISSN
- 2076-0817 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8472057
- OpenAlex
- W3200957961
- Cited by
- 11
- References
- 151
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 1.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Pathogens (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- UniTERAMO Research Catalog (University of Teramo) (submittedVersion)
- Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Insect Science › Mollusks and Parasites Studies
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Vector-borne infectious diseases
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Helminth infection and control
- Keywords
- Angiostrongylus vasorum, canine angiostrongylosis, vector-borne pathogens, dogs, co-infection, Dirofilaria immitis, Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Leishmania infantum, Babesia canis, Rickettsia conorii, seroprevalence, Italy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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