Cited by 103Mosquito-borne diseases and controlDiptera species taxonomy and behaviorMalaria Research and Control

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Feeding patterns of molestus and pipiens forms of Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) in a region of high hybridization

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Gomes, Bruno, Sousa, Carla A, Vicente, José L, Pinho, Leonor, Calderón, Isabel, Arez, Eliane, Almeida, António PG, Donnelly, Martin J, Pinto, João·2013·Parasites & Vectors

DOI 10.1186/1756-3305-6-93PMC PMC3637809

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Two biological forms of the mosquito Culex pipiens s.s., denoted pipiens and molestus, display behavioural differences that may affect their role as vectors of arboviruses. In this study, the feeding patterns of molestus and pipiens forms were investigated in Comporta (Portugal), where high levels of inter-form admixture have been recorded. METHODS: Indoor and outdoor mosquito collections were performed in the summer of 2010. Collected Cx. pipiens s.l. females were molecularly identified to species and form by PCR and genotyped for six microsatellites. The source of the blood meal in post-fed females was determined by ELISA and mitochondrial DNA sequencing. RESULTS: The distribution of the forms differed according to the collection method. The molestus form was present only in indoor collections, whereas pipiens and admixed individuals were sampled both indoors and outdoors. In both forms, over 90% of blood meals were made on avian hosts. These included blood meals taken from Passeriformes (Passer domesticus and Turdus merula) by females caught resting inside domestic shelters. CONCLUSION: Genetic structure and blood meal analyses suggest the presence of a bird biting molestus population in the study area. Both forms were found to rest indoors, mainly in avian shelters, but at least a proportion of females of the pipiens form may bite outdoors in sylvan habitats and then search for anthropogenic resting sites to complete their gonotrophic cycle. This behaviour may potentiate the accidental transmission of arboviruses to humans in the region.

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Figure 1 Bayesian cluster analysis of Cx. pipiens s.s. mosquitoes conducted by STRUCTURE in Comporta (2010). A: Individuals sorted by their ancestral probability; B: Individuals sorted by collection method and ancestral probability; IR: indoor resting inside shelters; CDC-G: CDC light traps in ground level; CDC-C: CDC light traps in canopy of trees; HLC: human landing catches; a: admixed individuals (0.1 < Tq < 0.9). Columns correspond to the multilocus genotype of each individual, partitioned in different colours representing the probability of ancestry (qi) to each cluster (Red: molestus; Blue: pipiens). Individuals were ordered according to their geographic information. Lines indicate the qi threshold used to determine admixed individuals (see Methods).CC BY · PubMed Central

Figure 2 Frequency of the groups defined by STRUCTURE by locality. Black dot: positive sample site for Cx. pipiens s.s. (Cambado, Comporta, Pego, Possanco, Torre); Red dot: negative sample site for Cx. pipiens s.s. (Carvalhal, Monte Novo do Sul). Color graphics: proportion of females; Red: cluster 1 (molestus form); Blue: cluster 2 (pipiens form); Purple: admixed (hybrids). Grey-scale graphics: proportion of mosquito collections; Dark grey: proportion of collection performed in chicken coops; Light grey: proportion of collection performed in other type of shelter.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Authors: Gomes, B., Sousa, C. A., Vicente, J. L., Pinho, L., Calderón, I., Arez, E., Almeida, A. P., Donnelly, M. J., & Pinto, J.
Affiliations: Universidade Nova de Lisboa (PT)
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (GB)
Corresponding author: Pinto, João
ORCID: Gomes, Bruno
Sousa, Carla A
Donnelly, Martin J
Pinto, João
Venue: Parasites & Vectors
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2013-04-11
Volume: 6
Issue: 1
Pages: 93-93
ISSN: 1756-3305 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-93
PMC: PMC3637809
OpenAlex: W2146195042
Cited by: 103
References: 55
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 3
FWCI: 7.14
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
Locations: Parasites & Vectors (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
LSTM Online Archive (Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine) (acceptedVersion)
Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders: Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (SFRH/BD/36410/2007, POCI/BIA-BDE/57650/2004)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Mosquito-borne diseases and control
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Diptera species taxonomy and behavior
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Malaria Research and Control
Keywords: Culex pipiens, blood meal sources, avian hosts, Passer domesticus, Turdus merula, indoor biting, hybridization, arbovirus vectors
MeSH terms: Animals, Birds, Blood Cells, Culex, Feeding Behavior, Female, Genotype, Insect Vectors, Portugal, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Microsatellite Repeats

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Feeding patterns of molestus and pipiens forms of Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) in a region of high hybridization

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