Best practice in bereavement photography after perinatal death: qualitative analysis with 104 parents
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Postmortem memento photography has emerged in Western hospitals as part of compassionate bereavement care for parents facing perinatal death. Many parents endorse this psychosocial intervention, yet implementation varies greatly and little research on parents' specific needs guides health care professionals. Parents are in crisis and vulnerable after the death of their child, thus best practice is crucial. This study contributes 104 parents' experiences and opinions toward the understanding of best practice in perinatal bereavement photography. METHODS: Parents who experienced the perinatal death of their child were recruited from U.S.-based bereavement organizations and social media sites. Volunteers completed an anonymous internet survey with open- and closed-ended questions. Direct recommendations and pertinent statements regarding the process of postmortem photography were analyzed for thematic content in keeping with conventional content analysis. Recurrent themes and sub-themes were counted to identify response patterns. RESULTS: Of 93 parents with pictures, 92 endorsed them. Of 11 without pictures, nine wanted them. Parents made a variety of recommendations regarding appropriate psychosocial support, the consent process, obstacles to photography, logistics of photography, and material aspects of photographs themselves. Overall, parents wanted many pictures and much variety. Some wanted professional photography while others wanted support for taking their own pictures. Parents wanted guidance from staff who respected their particular needs. Many said decisions were difficult during their crisis. Parents who were initially resistant expressed current appreciation for pictures or expressed regret that they had not participated. Parents recommended that professionals strongly encourage parents to create memento photos despite parents' initial reservations. Persistent cultural reasons against photography emerged in one case. Quotes by parents illuminate themes and enable respondents to speak directly to health care professionals. CONCLUSIONS: Parents overwhelmingly support postmortem bereavement photography when conducted sensitively, even if imperfectly executed. Providers significantly influence parents during their crises; mindful, patient-centered care with appropriate respect for difference is necessary. Providers must understand the importance of postmortem photographs to parents who have limited opportunity to capture memories of their child. Hospitals should provide education and support for this important psychosocial intervention.
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Photographs of the deceased baby are frequently reported.
“Photographs of the deceased baby are frequently reported.63,66,107,111,114,121,128,178,181,187,188,223”
From Bereavement care guidelines used in health care facilities immediately following perinatal loss: a scoping review (2024) · cites this paper as [107]
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Wolf, L. D., Stegen, H., Dewinter, H., Backer, F. D., & Vandermeersche, G. (2025) · Arts & Health · doi:10.1080/17533015.2025.2581964
Additional file 1 of Bereaved parents’ perceptions of memory making: a qualitative meta-synthesis
Xu, D., Zhang, G.-X., Ding, X., Ma, J., Suo, Y., Peng, Y.-Y., Zeng, J.-L., Liu, M., Hou, R.-T., Li, J., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26672850
Sarpal, A., Mirsky-Piatkin, L., Andary, N. A., Pullattayil, A. K., & Accinelli, L. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-8189673/v1
Boutros, I., Tapp, D., Couture, V., Maroun, E., & Hyland-Carignan, C.-A. (2026) · International Journal of Palliative Nursing · doi:10.12968/ijpn.2025.0016
- Authors
- Blood, C., & Cacciatore, J.
- Affiliations
- Arizona State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cacciatore, Joanne
- Venue
- BMC Psychology
- Published
- 2014-06-23
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 15-15
- ISSN
- 2050-7283 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4362629
- OpenAlex
- W2025064203
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 1.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BMC Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Arizona State University Library Digital Repository (Arizona State University) (submittedVersion)
- Arizona State University Library Digital Repository (Arizona State University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Death, Funerary Practices, and Mourning
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues
- Keywords
- perinatal death, parental grief, parental experiences, best practices, psychosocial support, parental consent, patient-centered care
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