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The longitudinal association between lifetime mental disorders and first onset or recurrent suicide ideation
Open accessAbstract
Background: Although the cross-sectional association between mental disorders and suicide ideation is well studied, less is known about the prospective association. In this paper, we estimated among those without 12-month suicide ideation at baseline, the association between a wide variety of common mental disorders at baseline and suicide ideation within the 6-year follow-up period, after controlling for history of other mental disorders and demographic variables. Methods: Data were used from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2 (NEMESIS-2), a prospective representative adult cohort study with baseline ( n = 6646) with a 6-year follow-up period. Lifetime mental disorders were assessed at baseline with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0. Within the longitudinal design, participants with first time or recurrent suicide ideation were defined follows: having no suicide ideation in the 12 months before the baseline assessment, and reporting to have had seriously thought about suicide between baseline and the 6-year follow-up period. Multiple logistical regression was used to estimate the longitudinal association between suicide ideation and a specific mental disorder while controlling for comorbidity and baseline variables. To account for the prevalence of a disorder in the population, for each disorder, the population attributable risk proportion (PARP) was calculated. Results: 2.9% ( n = 132) of the participants that did not report suicide ideation in the past 12 months at baseline reported suicide ideation at follow-up. Of these 132 cases, 81 (61%) experienced suicide ideation for the first time in their lives and could be viewed as first onset cases. 51 (39%) reported recurrent suicide ideation. After controlling for comorbidity, the only two disorders that were significantly related to suicide ideation at follow-up were lifetime major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). PARP for MDD was 47.8 and 16.6% for GAD. Conclusions: After controlling for all other mental disorders, a lifetime history of MDD and GAD were related to suicide ideation at follow-up. For clinical practice, this indicates that patients with a history of MDD or GAD stay vulnerable for suicide ideation, even though they did not report suicide ideation in the past year.
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Suicidal ideation is very prevalent among people with mental health disorders, such as depression.
“Suicidal ideation is very prevalent among people with mental health disorders, such as depression [7].”
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“* Correspondence: d.debeurs@nivel.nl 1Netherlands Institute of Health Services Research, Utrecht, Netherlands 2Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Full list of author information is available at the end of the article”
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Beurs, D. P. D., Giltay, E. J., Nuij, C., Connor, R. O., de Winter, R. F. P., Kerkhof, A. J. F. M., van Ballegooijen, W., & Riper, H. M. (2024) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/6s3m4
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“Individuals with pre-existing mental health conditions may experience impaired cognitive functioning, including cognitive rigidity and dysregulated emotional responses, thereby elevating their risk of suicidal thoughts (De Beurs et al et al., 2019).”
Morrison, A., Comben, C., Pagliaro, C., & Wright, E. (2025) · Australian Health Review · doi:10.1071/ah25145
Socioeconomic Inequalities in the Continuum of Suicidal Ideation
Choi, M., Yoon, Y., Lee, Y. H., Heo, H.-H., & Ki, M. (2025) · Crisis · doi:10.1027/0227-5910/a001039
Mao, R., Wang, C., Cui, L., Mellor, D. J., Wu, Z., & Fang, Y. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25123996
Belgian and U.S. Older Adults’ Lay Perspectives on ‘Tiredness of Life’
Appel, J. E., Dezutter, J., Sullivan, D., Maxfield, M., & van Wijngaarden, E. J. (2026) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology · doi:10.1007/s10823-025-09550-z
“…which is in line with research showing that death wishes and suicidal thoughts and behaviors are often associated with physical illness (Calati et al., 2015; Stickley et al., 2020 ) as well as mental health issues such as depression (Beurs et al., 2019; Hartog et al., 2020; Too et al., 2019).”
Fahmi, M. A., Martini, S., & Hargono, A. (2026) · Medicina de Familia SEMERGEN · doi:10.1016/j.semerg.2026.102714
Kim, H., Yocum, A. K., McInnis, M. G., & Sperry, S. H. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2026.121671 · Cited by 1
Fahmi, M. A., Martini, S., & Hargono, A. (2026) · The Open Public Health Journal · doi:10.2174/0118749445456022260212070202
Expériences adverses durant l'enfance et entrée dans la vie adulte
Biscond, M. (2022) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/86d5d288z17f1z4ce5zad4cz6b997763d87d
Metadata
- Authors
- de Beurs, D., ten Have, M., Cuijpers, P., & de Graaf, R.
- Affiliations
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Venue
- BMC Psychiatry
- Published
- 2019-11-06
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 345-345
- ISSN
- 1471-244X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6836643
- OpenAlex
- W2985779490
- Cited by
- 54
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 3
- FWCI
- 7.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- BMC Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- VU Research Portal (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
- Keywords
- suicidal ideation, major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, comorbidities, prospective cohort
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Mental Disorders, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Netherlands, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Recurrence, Suicide, Attempted, Cohort Studies, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Suicidal Ideation
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