Suicide and suicidal behavior
Open accessAbstract
Suicidal behavior is a leading cause of injury and death worldwide. Information about the epidemiology of such behavior is important for policy-making and prevention. The authors reviewed government data on suicide and suicidal behavior and conducted a systematic review of studies on the epidemiology of suicide published from 1997 to 2007. The authors' aims were to examine the prevalence of, trends in, and risk and protective factors for suicidal behavior in the United States and cross-nationally. The data revealed significant cross-national variability in the prevalence of suicidal behavior but consistency in age of onset, transition probabilities, and key risk factors. Suicide is more prevalent among men, whereas nonfatal suicidal behaviors are more prevalent among women and persons who are young, are unmarried, or have a psychiatric disorder. Despite an increase in the treatment of suicidal persons over the past decade, incidence rates of suicidal behavior have remained largely unchanged. Most epidemiologic research on suicidal behavior has focused on patterns and correlates of prevalence. The next generation of studies must examine synergistic effects among modifiable risk and protective factors. New studies must incorporate recent advances in survey methods and clinical assessment. Results should be used in ongoing efforts to decrease the significant loss of life caused by suicidal behavior.
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Known risk factors for suicide, including psychiatric and demographic variables such as depression, gender and stress, are poor predictors of short-term suicidal behavior or are non-modifiable.
“However, these factors have quite limited clinical use: they are poor predictors of short-term behavior, or are non-modifiable (e.g., gender, past STBs).”
From Don't Miss the Moment: A Systematic Review of Ecological Momentary Assessment in Suicide Research (2022) · cites this paper as [29]
Suicide and suicide-related phenomena represent a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide.
“Suicide and suicide-related phenomena [ideation i.e., thoughts or fantasies about one's death (27), attempts] represent a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide (28, 29).”
From Don't Miss the Moment: A Systematic Review of Ecological Momentary Assessment in Suicide Research (2022) · cites this paper as [29]
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Risk factors for suicidal thoughts and behaviors: A meta-analysis of 50 years of research
Franklin, J. C., Ribeiro, J. D., Fox, K. R., Bentley, K. H., Kleiman, E. M., Huang, X., Musacchio, K. M., Jaroszewski, A. C., Chang, B. P., & Nock, M. K. (2017) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000084 · Cited by 3,784 · see citing works
Self-citationSuicide, Suicide Attempts, and Suicidal Ideation
Klonsky, E. D., May, A. M., & Saffer, B. Y. (2016) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-021815-093204 · Cited by 1,675 · see citing works
Nock, M. K., Green, J. G., Hwang, I., McLaughlin, K. A., Sampson, N. A., Zaslavsky, A. M., & Kessler, R. C. (2013) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/2013.jamapsychiatry.55 · Cited by 1,666 · see citing works
Self-citationNock, M. K. (2010) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131258 · Cited by 1,550 · see citing works
Self-citationRibeiro, J. D., Franklin, J. C., Fox, K. R., Bentley, K. H., Kleiman, E. M., Chang, B. P., & Nock, M. K. (2016) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291715001804 · Cited by 1,346 · see citing works
Self-citationNock, M. K., Hwang, I., Sampson, N. A., & Kessler, R. C. (2010) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2009.29 · Cited by 1,125 · see citing works
Self-citationA review of depression and suicide risk assessment using speech analysis
Cummins, N., Scherer, S. J., Krajewski, J., Schnieder, S., Epps, J., & Quatieri, T. F. (2015) · Speech Communication · doi:10.1016/j.specom.2015.03.004 · Cited by 1,007 · see citing works
Nock, M. K., Hwang, I., Sampson, N., Kessler, R. C., Angermeyer, M., Beautrais, A., Borges, G., Bromet, E., Bruffaerts, R., de Girolamo, G., et al. (2009) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000123 · Cited by 912 · see citing works
Self-citationMeta-analysis of sleep disturbance and suicidal thoughts and behaviors
Pigeon, W. R., Pinquart, M., & Conner, K. (2012) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.11r07586 · Cited by 815 · see citing works
Borges, G., Nock, M. K., Haro Abad, J. M., Hwang, I., Sampson, N. A., Alonso, J., Andrade, L. H., Angermeyer, M. C., Beautrais, A., Bromet, E., et al. (2010) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.08m04967blu · Cited by 796 · see citing works
Self-citationSchool-based suicide prevention programmes: the SEYLE cluster-randomised, controlled trial
Wasserman, D., Hoven, C. W., Wasserman, C., Wall, M., Eisenberg, R., Hadlaczky, G., Kelleher, I., Sarchiapone, M., Apter, A., Balazs, J., et al. (2015) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61213-7 · Cited by 781 · see citing works
Hamza, C. A., Stewart, S. L., & Willoughby, T. (2012) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2012.05.003 · Cited by 769 · see citing works
Plener, P. L., Schumacher, T. S., Munz, L. M., & Groschwitz, R. C. (2015) · Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation · doi:10.1186/s40479-014-0024-3 · Cited by 704 · see citing works
Nock, M. K., Prinstein, M. J., & Sterba, S. K. (2009) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0016948 · Cited by 662 · see citing works
Self-citationMeasuring the Suicidal Mind: Implicit Cognition Predicts Suicidal Behavior
Nock, M. K., Park, J. M., Finn, C. T., Deliberto, T. L., Dour, H. J., & Banaji, M. R. (2010) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797610364762 · Cited by 624 · see citing works
Self-citationAnnual Research Review: Suicide among youth – epidemiology, (potential) etiology, and treatment
Cha, C. B., Franz, P. J., M. Guzmán, E., Glenn, C. R., Kleiman, E. M., & Nock, M. K. (2018) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12831 · Cited by 602 · see citing works
Self-citationSelf-harm, suicidal behaviours, and cyberbullying in children and young people: systematic review
John, A., Glendenning, A. C., Marchant, A., Montgomery, P., Stewart, A., Wood, S., Lloyd, K., & Hawton, K. (2018) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.9044 · Cited by 580 · see citing works
Duffy, M. E., Twenge, J. M., & Joiner, T. E. (2019) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.04.033 · Cited by 579 · see citing works
The prevalence of suicidal thoughts and behaviours among college students: a meta-analysis
Mortier, P., Cuijpers, P., Kiekens, G., Auerbach, R. P., Demyttenaere, K., Green, J. G., Kessler, R. C., Nock, M. K., & Bruffaerts, R. (2018) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291717002215 · Cited by 572 · see citing works
Self-citationSuicidal Thoughts and Behaviors Among Adults Aged ≥18 Years — United States, 2015–2019
Ivey-Stephenson, A. Z., Crosby, A. E., Hoenig, J. M., Gyawali, S., Park-Lee, E., & Hedden, S. L. (2022) · MMWR. Surveillance Summaries · doi:10.15585/mmwr.ss7101a1 · Cited by 512 · see citing works
Gillies, D., Christou, M. A., Dixon, A. C., Featherston, O. J., Rapti, I., Garcia-Anguita, A., Villasis-Keever, M., Reebye, P., Christou, E., Al Kabir, N., et al. (2018) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2018.06.018 · Cited by 557 · see citing works
Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: What We Know, and What We Need to Know
Klonsky, E. D., Victor, S. E., & Saffer, B. Y. (2014) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674371405901101 · Cited by 453 · see citing works
Kleiman, E. M., & Liu, R. T. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.01.033 · Cited by 450 · see citing works
Intelligence and Personality as Predictors of Illness and Death
Deary, I. J., Weiß, A., & Batty, G. D. (2010) · Gothic.net · doi:10.1177/1529100610387081 · Cited by 447 · see citing works
Bauer, G. R., Scheim, A. I., Pyne, J., Travers, R., & Hammond, R. (2015) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1867-2 · Cited by 426 · see citing works
Bentley, K. H., Franklin, J. C., Ribeiro, J. D., Kleiman, E. M., Fox, K. R., & Nock, M. K. (2016) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.11.008 · Cited by 422 · see citing works
Self-citationSalway, T. J., Bogaert, L., Rhodes, A. E., Brennan, D. J., & Gesink, D. (2016) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2016.303088 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
Ribeiro, J. D., Witte, T. K., Orden, K. A. V., Selby, E. A., Gordon, K. H., Bender, T. W., & Joiner, T. E. (2013) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/a0034858 · Cited by 408 · see citing works
Annual Research Review: A meta‐analytic review of worldwide suicide rates in adolescents
Glenn, C. R., Kleiman, E. M., Kellerman, J., Pollak, O., Cha, C. B., Esposito, E. C., Porter, A. C., Wyman, P. A., & Boatman, A. E. (2020) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13106 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
Self-citationCorrelates of suicide attempts among self-injurers: a meta-analysis
Victor, S. E., & Klonsky, E. D. (2014) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2014.03.005 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Gili, M., Castellví, P., Vives, M., de la Torre-Luque, A., Almenara, J., Blasco, M. J., Cebrià, A. I., Gabilondo, A., Pérez-Ara, M. A., A, M.-M., et al. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.10.115 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Single-item measurement of suicidal behaviors: Validity and consequences of misclassification
Millner, A. J., Lee, M. D., & Nock, M. K. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0141606 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Self-citationSuicidal Ideation and Self-Harm in Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Youth
Liu, R. T., & Mustanski, B. S. (2012) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2011.10.023 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Childhood adversities as risk factors for onset and persistence of suicidal behaviour
Bruffaerts, R., Demyttenaere, K., Borges, G. L. G., Haro, J. M., Chiu, W. T., Hwang, I. H., Karam, E. G., Kessler, R. C., Sampson, N. A., Alonso, J., et al. (2010) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.109.074716 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Self-citationPredicting suicidal behavior from longitudinal electronic health records.
Barak-Corren, Y., Castro, V. M., Javitt, S., Hoffnagle, A. G., Dai, Y., Perlis, R. H., Nock, M. K., Smoller, J. W., & Reis, B. Y. (2017) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.16010077 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Self-citationAssociation Between Religious Service Attendance and Lower Suicide Rates Among US Women
VanderWeele, T. J., Li, S., Tsai, A. C., & Kawachi, I. (2016) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.1243 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
Suicide Among Soldiers: A Review of Psychosocial Risk and Protective Factors
Nock, M. K., Deming, C. A., Fullerton, C. S., Gilman, S. E., Goldenberg, M., Kessler, R. C., McCarroll, J. E., McLaughlin, K. A., Peterson, C., Schoenbaum, M., et al. (2013) · Psychiatry · doi:10.1521/psyc.2013.76.2.97 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
Self-citationTreatment of suicidal people around the world
Bruffaerts, R., Demyttenaere, K., Hwang, I., Chiu, W.-T., Sampson, N., Kessler, R. C., Alonso, J., Borges, G., de Girolamo, G., de Graaf, R., et al. (2011) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.110.084129 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Self-citationPsychological impact of fibromyalgia: current perspectives
Galvez-Sánchez, C. M., Duschek, S., & del Paso, G. A. R. (2019) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s178240 · Cited by 366 · see citing works
Stein, D. J., Chiu, W. T., Hwang, I., Kessler, R. C., Sampson, N., Alonso, J., Borges, G., Bromet, E., Bruffaerts, R., de Girolamo, G., et al. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010574 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Self-citationGlobal trends in teenage suicide: 2003–2014
McLoughlin, A., Gould, M. S., & Malone, K. M. (2015) · QJM · doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcv026 · Cited by 360 · see citing works
Connecting inflammation with glutamate agonism in suicidality
Erhardt, S., Lim, C. K., Linderholm, K. R., Janelidze, S., Lindqvist, D., Samuelsson, M., Lundberg, K., Postolache, T. T., Träskman-Bendz, L., Guillemin, G. J., et al. (2013) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2012.248 · Cited by 345 · see citing works
Price, R. B., Iosifescu, D. V., Murrough, J. W., Chang, L. C., Al Jurdi, R. K., Iqbal, S. Z., Soleimani, L., Charney, D. S., Foulkes, A. L., & Mathew, S. J. (2014) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22253 · Cited by 345 · see citing works
Improving the Short-Term Prediction of Suicidal Behavior
Glenn, C. R., & Nock, M. K. (2014) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2014.06.004 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Self-citationLoneliness, common mental disorders and suicidal behavior: Findings from a general population survey
Stickley, A., & Koyanagi, A. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.02.054 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Relations between nonsuicidal self-injury and suicidal behavior in adolescence: a systematic review
Grandclerc, S., De Labrouhe, D., Spodenkiewicz, M., Lachal, J., & Moro, M.-R. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0153760 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
Depressive Disorders During Pregnancy: Prevalence and Risk Factors in a Large Urban Sample
Melville, J. L., Gavin, A., Guo, Y., Fan, M.-Y., & Katon, W. J. (2010) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0b013e3181f60b0a · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Life events and suicidal ideation and behavior: a systematic review
Liu, R. T., & Miller, I. (2014) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2014.01.006 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Nock, M. K., Stein, M. B., Heeringa, S. G., Ursano, R. J., Colpe, L. J., Fullerton, C. S., Hwang, I., Naifeh, J. A., Sampson, N. A., Schoenbaum, M., et al. (2014) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.30 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Self-citationAttentional bias toward suicide-related stimuli predicts suicidal behavior
Cha, C. B., Najmi, S., Park, J. M., Finn, C. T., & Nock, M. K. (2010) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0019710 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Self-citationA comprehensive meta‐analysis of the risk of suicide in eating disorders
Preti, A., Rocchi, M. B. L., Sisti, D., Camboni, M. V., & Miotto, P. (2011) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2010.01641.x · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Adolescent suicidal behaviours in 32 low- and middle-income countries
McKinnon, B., Gariépy, G., Sentenac, M., & Elgar, F. J. (2016) · Bulletin of the World Health Organization · doi:10.2471/blt.15.163295 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Kazdin, A. E. (2019) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12937 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Prevalence and Correlates of Suicide and Nonsuicidal Self-injury in Children
Liu, R. T., Walsh, R. F. L., Sheehan, A. E., Cheek, S. M., & Sanzari, C. M. (2022) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.1256 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Suicide risk assessment and intervention in people with mental illness
Bolton, J. M., Gunnell, D., & Turecki, G. (2015) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.h4978 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Elias, B., Mignone, J., Hall, M., Hong, S. P., Hart, L., & Sareen, J. (2012) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.01.026 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Emotional Dysregulation in Children and Adolescents With Psychiatric Disorders. A Narrative Review
Paulus, F. W., Ohmann, S., Möhler, E., Plener, P. L., & Popow, C. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.628252 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors in Youth
Glenn, C. R., Franklin, J. C., & Nock, M. K. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2014.945211 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
“Although SI is concerning, not all adolescents with suicidal thoughts will engage in suicidal behaviors (Nock et al., 2008; Nock et al., 2013).”
BackgroundSelf-citationSuicide Case-Fatality Rates in the United States, 2007 to 2014: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
Conner, A., Azrael, D., & Miller, M. (2019) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m19-1324 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Robinson, J., Cox, G., Malone, A., Williamson, M. K., Baldwin, G., Fletcher, K., & O’Brien, M. (2012) · Crisis · doi:10.1027/0227-5910/a000168 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
The Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS)
Ursano, R. J., Colpe, L. J., Heeringa, S. G., Kessler, R. C., Schoenbaum, M., Stein, M. B., & collaborators, O. B. O. T. A. S. (2014) · Psychiatry · doi:10.1521/psyc.2014.77.2.107 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Self-citationNett, R. J., Witte, T. K., Holzbauer, S., Elchos, B. L., Campagnolo, E. R., Musgrave, K. J., Carter, K. K., Kurkjian, K. M., Vanicek, C. F., O’Leary, D. R., et al. (2015) · Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association · doi:10.2460/javma.247.8.945 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Predicting suicide attempts in adolescents with longitudinal clinical data and machine learning
Walsh, C. G., Ribeiro, J. D., & Franklin, J. C. (2018) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12916 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Suicide in elementary school-aged children and early adolescents
Sheftall, A. H., Asti, L., Horowitz, L. M., Felts, A., Fontanella, C. A., Campo, J. V., & Bridge, J. A. (2016) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2016-0436 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Miller, M., Azrael, D., & Barber, C. (2012) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031811-124636 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Suicide risk in trans populations: An application of minority stress theory.
Tebbe, E. A., & Moradi, B. (2016) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/cou0000152 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Johnson, K. (2008) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.300.6.676 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Salway, T. J., Ross, L. E., Fehr, C. P., Burley, J. F., Asadi, S., Hawkins, B., & Tarasoff, L. A. (2018) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-018-1150-6 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Psychiatric Diagnoses and Risk of Suicide in Veterans
Ilgen, M. A., Bohnert, A. S. B., Ignacio, R. V., McCarthy, J. F., Valenstein, M. M., Kim, H. M., & Blow, F. C. (2010) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.129 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Deep learning for depression recognition with audiovisual cues: A review
He, L., Niu, M., Tiwari, P., Marttinen, P., Su, R., Jiang, J., Guo, C., Wang, H., Ding, S., Wang, Z., et al. (2021) · Information Fusion · doi:10.1016/j.inffus.2021.10.012 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview—Revised: Development, reliability, and validity.
Fox, K. R., Harris, J. A., Wang, S. B., Millner, A. J., Deming, C. A., & Nock, M. K. (2020) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0000819 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Self-citationSleep and suicide: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies
Liu, R. T., Steele, S. J., Hamilton, J. L., Do, Q. B. P., Furbish, K., Burke, T. A., Martinez, A. P., & Gerlus, N. (2020) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101895 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
“This is an important consideration because even among traditionally high-risk populations, the majority of individuals do not engage in suicidal behavior (American Psychiatric Association, 2004; Lau et al., 2004; Liu et al., 2012; Nock et al., 2008; Sokero et al., 2006).”
BackgroundNoncancer pain conditions and risk of suicide
Ilgen, M. A., Kleinberg, F., Ignacio, R. V., Bohnert, A. S. B., Valenstein, M., McCarthy, J. F., Blow, F. C., & Katz, I. R. (2013) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.908 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Pryce, C., Azzinnari, D., Spinelli, S., Seifritz, E., Tegethoff, M., & Meinlschmidt, G. (2011) · Pharmacology and Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.06.006 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Adolescent Suicide as a Failure of Acute Stress-Response Systems.
Miller, A. B., & Prinstein, M. J. (2019) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095625 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
“…of novel risk factors or developmental transactions between intra- and interpersonal risk factors unique to the adolescent period that elucidate why suicidal ideation and behaviors are more likely to appear within this period than any other period in the life span (Nock et al. 2008, 2013).”
BackgroundInfluentialShare of the population aged 65 and over, 1970 to 2015
(2016) · Health at a glance. Asia/Pacific · doi:10.1787/health_glance_ap-2016-table40-en · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Liu, R. T., Bettis, A. H., & Burke, T. A. (2020) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s003329171900391x · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Smith, A. R., Zuromski, K. L., & Dodd, D. R. (2018) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.08.023 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Evidence Base Update of Psychosocial Treatments for Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors in Youth
Glenn, C. R., Esposito, E. C., Porter, A. C., & Robinson, D. J. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2019.1591281 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
“SITBs are relatively rare in childhood but increase significantly during the transition to and throughout adolescence (Glenn et al., 2017; Nock et al., 2008, 2013).”
BackgroundThe role of child sexual abuse in the etiology of suicide and non-suicidal self-injury
Maniglio, R. (2011) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2010.01612.x · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Lifetime suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in Asian Americans.
Cheng, J. K. Y., Fancher, T. L., Ratanasen, M., Conner, K. R., Duberstein, P. R., Sue, S., & Takeuchi, D. T. (2010) · Asian American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0018799 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Franklin, J. C., Fox, K. R., Franklin, C. R., Kleiman, E. M., Ribeiro, J. D., Jaroszewski, A. C., Hooley, J. M., & Nock, M. K. (2016) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000093 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Self-citationA survey of stress, burnout and well-being in UK dentists
Collin, V., Toon, M. A., O’Selmo, E., Reynolds, L., & Whitehead, P. (2019) · BDJ · doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.2019.6 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
The Validity of the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide in Adolescence: A Review
Stewart, S. M., Eaddy, M., Horton, S. E., Hughes, J. L., & Kennard, B. D. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2015.1020542 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Incidence of Suicide in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer
Kam, D., Salib, A., Gorgy, G., Patel, T. D., Carniol, E. T., Eloy, J. A., Baredes, S., & Park, R. C. W. (2015) · JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2015.2480 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Mental disorders and risk of suicide attempt: a national prospective study
Hoertel, N., Franco, S., Wall, M. M., Oquendo, M. A., Kerridge, B. T., Limosin, F., & Blanco, C. (2015) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2015.19 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Klonsky, E. D., Kotov, R., Bakst, S. S., Rabinowitz, J., & Bromet, E. J. (2012) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1943-278x.2011.00066.x · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Self-citationGlenn, C. R., Lanzillo, E. C., Esposito, E. C., Santee, A. C., Nock, M. K., & Auerbach, R. P. (2017) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-016-0214-0 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Self-citationZullig, K. J., & Divin, A. L. (2012) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.02.008 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Tang, F., Byrne, M., & Qin, P. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.12.005 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Mars, B., Heron, J., Klonsky, E. D., Moran, P., O'Connor, R. C., Tilling, K., Wilkinson, P., & Gunnell, D. (2019) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12878 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Recent advances in differentiating suicide attempters from suicide ideators
Klonsky, E. D., Qiu, T., & Saffer, B. Y. (2017) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000294 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Discovery and validation of blood biomarkers for suicidality
Le-Niculescu, H., Levey, D. F., Ayalew, M., Palmer, L., Gavrin, L. M., Jain, N., Winiger, E., Bhosrekar, S., Shankar, G., Radel, M., et al. (2013) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2013.95 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Nock, M. K., Millner, A. J., Joiner, T. E., Gutierrez, P. M., Han, G., Hwang, I., King, A., Naifeh, J. A., Sampson, N. A., Zaslavsky, A. M., et al. (2018) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000317 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Self-citationCareer prevalence and correlates of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among firefighters
Stanley, I. H., Hom, M. A., Hagan, C. R., & Joiner, T. E. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.08.007 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Canetto, S. S., & Chen, J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108561716.042 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Factors associated with suicidal behaviors in mainland China: a meta-analysis
Li, Y., Li, Y., & Cao, J. (2012) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-524 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Suicidal ideation and reported suicide attempts in Greece during the economic crisis
Economou, M. P., Madianos, M. G., Peppou, L. Ε., Theleritis, C. G., Patelakis, A., & Stefanis, C. N. (2013) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20016 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Emotional Intelligence Is a Protective Factor for Suicidal Behavior
Cha, C. B., & Nock, M. K. (2009) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e3181984f44 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Nock, M. K., Borges, G., Bromet, E. J., Cha, C. B., Kessler, R. C., & Lee, S.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Stony Brook University (US)
- Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Venue
- Epidemiologic Reviews
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2008-05-14
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 133-154
- ISSN
- 0193-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1478-6729
- PMC
- PMC2576496
- OpenAlex
- W2123612404
- Cited by
- 2,897
- References
- 253
- Citations by year
- 2026: 134 · 2025: 152 · 2024: 174 · 2023: 152 · 2022: 187 · 2021: 226 · 2020: 252 · 2019: 181 · 2018: 185 · 2017: 156 · 2016: 214 · 2015: 175 · 2014: 203 · 2013: 240 · 2012: 97
- FWCI
- 9.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Epidemiologic Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH077883)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Injury Epidemiology and Prevention
- Keywords
- suicide, suicidal behavior, suicide epidemiology, prevalence, trends, risk factors, protective factors, sex differences, age of onset, mental illness, suicide prevention, cross-national comparison, United States
- MeSH terms
- Suicide Prevention, Humans, Risk Factors, Suicide, Suicide, Attempted, United States, Self-Injurious Behavior
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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