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Cited by 28Personality Disorders and PsychopathologyChild Abuse and TraumaPsychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments

Child maltreatment-related dissociation and its core mediation schemas in patients with borderline personality disorder

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Khosravi, Mohsen·2020·BMC Psychiatry
DOI 10.1186/s12888-020-02797-5PMC PMC7425596
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Abstract

Background: From a developmental and pathogenic perspective, child maltreatment is strongly linked to later dissociative symptoms, as ultimate forms of human response to chronic stress. The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) in the relationship between child maltreatment and dissociation among patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 152 BPD patients (men: 52%; women: 48%) with an average age of 29.64 years (standard deviation (SD) = 7.29, range = 18–47) were selected by systematic random sampling from the patients who referred to Baharan psychiatric hospital in Zahedan, Iran, with the sampling interval of 3. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form, Dissociative Experiences Scale, and Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form 3 were used to assess the patients. Data were analyzed using SPSS v25 software, and the statistical significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: four main findings were obtained from the present study: (1) Heterogeneity of the levels of dissociation (LOD) in BPD patients; (2) The predicting roles of emotional neglect (EN), vulnerability to harm, and defectiveness/shame schemas in the total DES scores; (3) The vague role of childhood sexual abuse (SA) in developing dissociative symptoms; and (4) The mediating role of the core schemas of vulnerability to harm (β = 0.28, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.04, 0.61) and defectiveness/shame (β = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.008, 0.45) in the relationship between EN and dissociation. Conclusions: Regarding the heterogeneity of LOD and its crucial role in the successful treatment of BPD patients, it is highly essential to evaluate the present-state dissociation of the patient during the diagnosis process and provide effective interventions to reduce it. The obtained results highlighted the potential role of schema therapy in reducing dissociative responses to emotional stimuli (based on EN), vulnerability to harm, and defectiveness/shame. Nevertheless, psychopathology of dissociation among BPD patients should be further investigated in depth.

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  • "Transient dissociative symptoms related to extreme stress and real or imagined abandonment" are cardinal symptoms of BPD, although tending to occur primarily for BPD-diagnosed individuals who have a history of childhood abuse.

    ““Transient dissociative symptoms related to extreme stress and real or imagined abandonment” ([3], p. 664) are cardinal symptoms of BPD, although tending to occur primarily for BPD-diagnosed individuals who have a history of childhood abuse [91, 119].”

    From Complex PTSD and borderline personality disorder (2021) · cites this paper as [91]

    The Background links childhood maltreatment to later dissociative symptoms in BPD, and the Results identify emotional neglect as a significant predictor of dissociation. But the paper does not establish that dissociative symptoms occur primarily in BPD patients with a history of childhood abuse; its Discussion reports no association with childhood sexual abuse. The quoted description of BPD symptoms is cited separately to [3], not to this source. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. [13]Young JE, Klosko JS, Weishaar ME. Schema therapy: a practitioner’s guide. New York: Guilford Press; 2003.

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Authors
Khosravi, M.
Affiliations
Zahedan University of Medical Sciences (IR)
Corresponding author
Khosravi, Mohsen
ORCID
Khosravi, Mohsen
Venue
BMC Psychiatry
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2020-08-12
Volume
20
Issue
1
Pages
405-405
ISSN
1471-244X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/s12888-020-02797-5
PMC
PMC7425596
OpenAlex
W3048804842
Cited by
28
References
33
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2
FWCI
1.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • BMC Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
Keywords
borderline personality disorder, child abuse, dissociation, early maladaptive schemas, emotional neglect, vulnerability to harm, child sexual abuse, schema therapy, chronic stress, dissociative symptoms
MeSH terms
Adult, Borderline Personality Disorder, Child, Child Abuse, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dissociative Disorders, Female, Humans, Iran, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires

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