The extent of dissociation in borderline personality disorder: A meta-analytic review
Abstract
Several authors have studied dissociation within the borderline personality disorder (BPD) population and postulated 3 dissociative subgroups. Conversely, other authors suggest that dissociation may play a central role in the development of trauma-related disorders and specifically in BPD. Nevertheless, the role of dissociation in BPD seems to be controversial. Our aim is to perform a meta-analytic review of the literature to evaluate the extent of dissociation in BPD compared to other psychopathological disorders to clarify its role in this specific condition. Ten eligible studies resulted in a total of 2,035 subjects. Results show that levels of dissociation are higher in BPD than in other psychiatric disorders in general, although this difference is moderate and the heterogeneity of effect sizes is large. In particular, individuals with BPD seem to show higher levels of dissociation than those with several psychiatric and personality disorders but not dissociative disorders or posttraumatic stress disorder. These findings support the fact that dissociation is not specifically a core feature of BPD and, in addition, sustain the existence of a continuum of severity within the psychiatric population. Nevertheless, the current work has several limitations related to the paucity of studies included, the heterogeneity of control groups, their clear definition, and the statistical robustness of the results. In addition, our conclusions require future research in order to explain the role of different forms of dissociation and their etiological factors among the psychiatric population. Eventually, we invite clinicians and researchers to systematically evaluate dissociation in order to reach a better diagnosis for a more specific treatment indication.
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Patients diagnosed with BPD report more severe and extensive symptoms of dissociation than those diagnosed with other psychiatric disorders except for PTSD.
“A meta-analysis found that patients diagnosed with BPD reported more severe and extensive symptoms of dissociation than those diagnosed with other psychiatric disorders except for PTSD [146].”
From Complex PTSD and borderline personality disorder (2021) · cites this paper as [146]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Scalabrini, A., Cavicchioli, M., Fossati, A., & Maffei, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Chieti-Pescara (IT)
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (IT)
- Libera Università Maria SS. Assunta (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Scalabrini, Andrea
- Cavicchioli, Marco
- Venue
- Journal of Trauma & Dissociation
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2016-11-21
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 522-543
- ISSN
- 1529-9732 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-9740
- OpenAlex
- W2525101082
- Cited by
- 86
- References
- 134
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 7.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Trauma & Dissociation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Aisberg (University of Bergamo) (submittedVersion)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- borderline personality disorder, dissociation, trauma-related disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, dissociative disorders, mental illness, personality disorders, dissociation continuum
- MeSH terms
- Borderline Personality Disorder, Dissociative Disorders, Humans, Comorbidity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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