Cited by 131Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesTreatment of Major DepressionHealth Education and Validation

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 45 of the 46 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The validity and reliability of the PHQ-9 on screening of depression in neurology: a cross sectional study

Open access

Sun, Yajing, Kong, Zhifei, Song, Yuqing, Liu, Jing, Wang, Xilin·2022·BMC Psychiatry

DOI 10.1186/s12888-021-03661-wPMC PMC8827244

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to explore the validity and reliability of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) on screening of depression among patients with neurological disorders, and to explore factors influencing such patients. METHODS: In this study, 277 subjects who were admitted to the department of neurology of our hospital due to different neurological disorders completed the PHQ-9 questionnaire. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD) were employed to evaluate the depressive symptoms of patients who completed the PHQ-9 questionnaire. The internal consistency, criterion validity, structural validity, and optimal cut-off values of PHQ-9 were evaluated, and the consistency assessment was conducted between the depression severity as assessed by PHQ-9, HAMD and MINI. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the risk factors of depression. RESULTS: The Cronbach's α coefficient of the PHQ-9 was 0.839. The Pearson's correlation coefficient among the 9 items of the PHQ-9 scale was 0.160 ~ 0.578 (P < 0.01), and the Pearson's correlation coefficient between each item and the total score was at the range of 0.608 ~ 0.773. Taking the results of MINI as the gold standard, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the PHQ-9 results for all the subjects (n = 277) was 0.898 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.859 ~ 0.937, P < 0.01). When the cut-off score was equal to 5, the values of sensitivity, specificity, and the Youden's index were 91.2, 76.6%, and 0.678, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the influence of unemployment on the occurrence of depression was statistically significant (P = 0.027, OR = 3.080, 95%CI: 1.133 ~ 8.374). CONCLUSIONS: The application of PHQ-9 for screening of depression among Chinese patients with neurological disorders showed a good reliability and validity.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1186/s12888-021-03661-w

Cites

45 of 45 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Fig. 3 Consistency analysis between PHQ-9 and HAMDCC BY · PubMed Central

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. W. (2001) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x · Cited by 44,910
Untitled work
(1998) · PubMed · Cited by 10,216
A self-rating depression scale
ZUNG, W. W. K. (1965) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1965.01720310065008 · Cited by 9,813
Validation and Utility of a Self-report Version of PRIME-MD<SUBTITLE>The PHQ Primary Care Study</SUBTITLE>
Spitzer, R. L. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.282.18.1737 · Cited by 9,802
Development of a Rating Scale for Primary Depressive Illness
Hamilton, M. (1967) · British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1967.tb00530.x · Cited by 8,410
The PHQ-9: A New Depression Diagnostic and Severity Measure
Kroenke, K., & Spitzer, R. L. (2002) · Psychiatric Annals · doi:10.3928/0048-5713-20020901-06 · Cited by 5,898 · cited 1×
“The original researchers of PHQ-9 used 5, 10, 15, 20 as the demarcation values for mild depression, moderate depression, severe depression, and very severe depression [25].”
Method
Depression
Malhi, G. S., & Mann, J. J. (2018) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31948-2 · Cited by 4,099
The Patient Health Questionnaire Somatic, Anxiety, and Depressive Symptom Scales: a systematic review
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2010) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2010.03.006 · Cited by 4,057 · cited 1×
“showed that the sensitivity was 77 - 88% and the specificity was 88 - 94% with 10 points as the cut-off value [39].”
Background
Optimal cut-off score for diagnosing depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9): a meta-analysis
Manea, L., Gilbody, S., & McMillan, D. (2012) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.110829 · Cited by 1,966
Screening for depression in medical settings with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ): A diagnostic meta-analysis
Gilbody, S., Richards, D., Brealey, S., & Hewitt, C. (2007) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-007-0333-y · Cited by 1,290

Show all 46 references

Research works printed but not linked: 7

WHO. The global burden of disease: 2004 update. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2008.
Zhang J, Wei J, Shi LL, et al. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2007;87:889–93.
First MB, Spitzer RL, Gibbon M, Williams J. Structured clinical interview for DSM-V-TR Axis I disorders-non-patient ed. (SCII/ NP-2/2001 Revision). New York: Biometrics Research Department; 2001.
Wittchen H-U, Semler G. Composite international diagnostic interview. CIDI Interviewerheft (deutsche Bearbeitung) (World Health Organization, Ed.). Weinheim: Beltz Test; 1991.
Hamilton M. Development of a rating scale for primary depressive illness. Br J Soc Clin Psychol. 1976;6:278–96. · DOI
Haihong Y. Value of 9 items patients' health questionnaire depression scale in screening of post-stroke depression. J Clin Med Pract. 2016;8:28–30.
Cleary P, Guy W. Factor analysis of the Hamilton depression scale. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 1977;1:115–20.

Sorted by citations

Association between pretreatment emotional distress and immune checkpoint inhibitor response in non-small-cell lung cancer
Zeng, Y., Hu, C., Li, Y.-Z., Zhou, J., Wang, S., Liu, M.-D., Qiu, Z., Deng, C., Ma, F., Xia, C.-F., et al. (2024) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-024-02929-4 · Cited by 167
Self-citation
Sensitivity and specificity of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9, PHQ-8, PHQ-2) and General Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7, GAD-2) for depression and anxiety diagnosis: a cross-sectional study in a Peruvian hospital population
Villarreal-Zegarra, D., Barrera-Begazo, J., Otazú-Alfaro, S., Mayo-Puchoc, N., Bazo-Alvarez, J. C., & Huarcaya-Victoria, J. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076193 · Cited by 93
Developing a machine learning model for detecting depression, anxiety, and apathy in older adults with mild cognitive impairment using speech and facial expressions: A cross-sectional observational study
Zhou, Y., Han, W., Yao, X., Xue, J., Li, Z., & Li, Y. (2023) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2023.104562 · Cited by 69
A Machine Learning Approach for Detecting Digital Behavioral Patterns of Depression Using Nonintrusive Smartphone Data (Complementary Path to Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Assessment): Prospective Observational Study
Choudhary, S., Thomas, N., Ellenberger, J., Srinivasan, G., & Cohen, R. (2022) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/37736 · Cited by 39
The relationship between BMI and depression: a cross-sectional study
Cui, H., Xiong, Y., Wang, C., Ye, J., & Zhao, W. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1410782 · Cited by 28
The influence of patient and caregiver depression on patient self‐care and caregiver contribution to self‐care in ostomy: A dyadic analysis
Iovino, P., Maria, M. D., Corvese, F., Giordano, V., Alvaro, R., Vellone, E., & Villa, G. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.16676 · Cited by 26
Understanding the Vicious Circle of Pain, Physical Activity, and Mental Health in Lipedema Patients—A Response Surface Analysis
Klietz, M., Busch, L., Hamatschek, M., Paul, M., Schriek, C., Wiebringhaus, P., Aitzetmüller-Klietz, M. M., Kückelhaus, M., & Hirsch, T. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12165319 · Cited by 26
Influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence of depression in U.S. adults: evidence from NHANES
Jiang, Y., Deng, W., & Mei, Z. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-87593-5 · Cited by 32
The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD): A systematic review and meta-analysis
Liu, J., Zhang, X., Zhong, Y., & Liu, X. (2023) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2023.105007 · Cited by 25
Self-citation
The association of physical activity and sedentary behavior with depression in US adults: NHANES 2007–2018
Meng, Y., Ma, N., Shi, Y., Zhang, N. J., Wu, J., Cui, X., & Niu, W. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1404407 · Cited by 26
Prevalence, determinants and care-seeking behaviour for anxiety and depression in Nepalese population: a secondary analysis of data from Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2022
Pandey, A., Adhikari, B., Bista, B., Lamichhane, B., Joshi, D., C, S. P. K., Sharma, S., & Baral, S. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078582 · Cited by 20
Novel Multi-Strain E3 Probiotic Formulation Improved Mental Health Symptoms and Sleep Quality in Hong Kong Chinese
Chan, H. H. Y., Siu, P. L. K., Choy, C. T., Chan, U. K., Zhou, J., Wong, C. H., Lee, Y. W., Chan, H. W., Tsui, J. C. C., Loo, S. K. F., et al. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15245037 · Cited by 18
Depressive symptom trajectories with prolonged rTMS treatment
Chen, X., Blumberger, D. M., Downar, J. H., Middleton, V. J., Monira, N., Bowman, J., Kriske, J., Kriske, J., Donachie, N., & Kaster, T. S. (2024) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2024.04.010 · Cited by 19
Ketogenic metabolic therapy for schizoaffective disorder: a retrospective case series of psychotic symptom remission and mood recovery
Laurent, N., Bellamy, E. L., Tague, K. A., Hristova, D., & Houston, A. (2025) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1506304 · Cited by 20
Relationship between prenatal anxiety, depression, pregnancy stress and their social determinants
Meng, W., Shalayiding, S., Wang, X., Sailike, B., & Jiang, T. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-03237-3 · Cited by 18
Self-citation
Exploring the differences in psychometric properties of commonly used self-rating depression scales across various populations in China: A quantitative systematic review
Zhao, Y.-J., Gui, P.-P., Xu, J., Guo, T., Li, J., Jing, W., Wang, G., & Meng, L. (2025) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2025.104635 · Cited by 18
Whole blood cadmium levels and depressive symptoms in Chinese young adults: A prospective cohort study combing metabolomics
Liu, Y., Yu, Q., Dou, S., Li, X., Wen, S., Zhang, J., Feng, M., Yan, L., Zhang, C., Li, S., et al. (2023) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132968 · Cited by 15
Develop and validate machine learning models to predict the risk of depressive symptoms in older adults with cognitive impairment
Li, E., Ai, F., Tian, Q., Yang, H., Tang, P., & Guo, B. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-06657-y · Cited by 16
Association between mental health and male fertility: depression, rather than anxiety, is linked to decreased semen quality
Zhang, Y., Chen, B., Wang, Y., Liu, C., Sun, J., Zhang, Z., Guan, L., Ke, X., Zhu, Z., & Luo, J. J. (2024) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2024.1478848 · Cited by 12
Long-term exposure to air pollutants, meteorological factors, and mental health status: a nationwide population-based study with multilevel regression analysis
Acharya, S. R., Bhatta, J., Timilsina, D., Ray, N., & Pahari, S. (2025) · Archives of Public Health · doi:10.1186/s13690-025-01570-y · Cited by 11
Prevalence and correlators of burnout among health professionals during different stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in China
Qin, Z., He, Z., Yang, Q., Meng, Z., Lei, Q., Wen, J., Shi, X., Liu, J., & Wang, Z. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1156313 · Cited by 14
Self-citation
Age and Sex Differences in the Association between Serum Vitamin E Levels and Depressive Symptoms: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Jeong, H., Oh, J., Son, N., & Lee, S. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15081915 · Cited by 9
Feasibility and acceptability of an online group dialectical behavioural therapy skills training in a Transdiagnostic group with Anxiety and Depression
Abraham, J. G., Thomas, N., Shenoy, D. S., & Padickaparambil, D. S. (2024) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116016 · Cited by 8
Effect of Psychological Intervention on Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Patients in the Treatment with Radioactive Iodine
Liu, Y., Zuo, L.-J., Liu, Y., Li, Y., Xin, Y.-C., Zhang, H., & Hou, L.-Y. (2023) · Patient Preference and Adherence · doi:10.2147/ppa.s400832 · Cited by 8
A virtual intervention to support educator well-being and students’ mental health in conflict-affected Ukraine: A non-randomized controlled trial
Powell, T. M., Портницька, Н. Ф., Тичина, І. М., Savychenko, О., Макаренко, О. М., Shyriaieva, T., Cherniavska, K., Muller, J., & Carney, R. (2025) · Cambridge Prisms Global Mental Health · doi:10.1017/gmh.2025.10014 · Cited by 8
Beyond the Smile: Exploring the Mental Well‐Being of Dental Students Across Institutions
Ali, K., Zahra, D., Bashir, U., Raja, H. Z., Sana, U., Shakoor, A., Khalid, M., Mansoor, A., & Raja, M. (2025) · European Journal Of Dental Education · doi:10.1111/eje.13085 · Cited by 8
Identifying different cognitive phenotypes and their relationship with disability in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Kong, L., Lang, Y., Wang, X., Wang, J., Chen, H., Shi, Z., & Zhou, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.958441 · Cited by 8
Self-citation
Primary-care-focused interpretable machine learning model for depression screening in geriatrics: A comparative study of multiple algorithms
Wang, M., Luo, M., Li, L., Bao, S., Chen, F., Zhao, Q., & Guo, J. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.120551 · Cited by 7
The impact of nurses’ stress situation coping on somatization: a mediated moderation model
Qi, X., & Xu, H.-N. (2024) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.18658 · Cited by 7
Social anxiety undermines prosocial behaviors when required effort
Yang, Y., Zhou, Y., Zhang, H., Kou, H., Zhao, J., Tian, J., & Guo, C. (2024) · International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100533 · Cited by 7
Psychometric Testing of the Protocol for Responding to and Assessing Patient Assets, Risks, and Experiences (PRAPARE) in Patients With Heart Failure and Coronary Heart Disease
Thapa, A., Rayens, M. K., Chung, M. L., Biddle, M., Wu, J. R., Lin, C., Kang, J., & Moser, D. K. (2025) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/nur.22440 · Cited by 7
Ketogenic metabolic therapy in the remission of chronic major depressive disorder: a retrospective case study
Laurent, N., Bellamy, E. L., Hristova, D., & Houston, A. (2025) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1549782 · Cited by 7
The Prevalence of Physical Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period: A Systematic Review With Implications for Probable Violence-Caused Brain Injury Among Child Bearers
Adhikari, S. P., Stranges, T. N., Lorenz, B. R., Marshall, R. A., Jiang, N., & van Donkelaar, P. (2025) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/15248380241309292 · Cited by 7
Social Determinants, Mental Well-Being, and Disrupted Life Transitions Among Young Adults with Disabling Mental Health Conditions
Cook, J. Α., Jonikas, J. A., Burke-Miller, J. K., Aranda, F., Mullen, M. G., Davis, M., & Sabella, K. A. (2025) · The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research · doi:10.1007/s11414-024-09924-0 · Cited by 7
Inflation, food insecurity, and mental health: Generation Z’s burden in emerging Europe
Jackson, K., Kelemen, Z., & Nagy, Á. A. (2025) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-025-05858-w · Cited by 11
Vision Transformer for Audio-Based Depression Detection on Multi-Lingual Audio Data
Pratiwi, M., & Sanjaya, S. A. (2024) · International Conference on Digital Medicine and Image Processing (DMIP) · doi:10.1145/3705927.3705934 · Cited by 6
The Alteration of Brain Network Topology in Tinnitus Transition From Recent‐Onset to Chronic
Xie, J., Zhang, W., Wei, W., Bai, Y., Shen, Y. M., Meng, N., Wang, X., & Wang, M. (2025) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.16664 · Cited by 6
Self-citation
Burnout among intensive care physicians and nurses in the post-pandemic era in China: a national cross-sectional study
Liu, H., Li, X., Zhao, L., Zhang, Y., Huang, D., Li, T. X., Xie, K., & Shen, Y. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2025-099192 · Cited by 5
A psychometric analysis of the Arabic version of the PHQ-9 for depression screening in cardiovascular disease patients
Alharrasi, M., AL-Dossary, S. A., Yesodharan, D. K., El‐Gazar, H. E., Al-Abri, K., & Ali, A. M. (2025) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105574 · Cited by 5
Well-being, physical activity and health promotion among officers and ratings on board cargo ships: A cross-sectional study
Reck, C., Dengler, D., Belz, L., Harth, V., & Oldenburg, M. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0333588 · Cited by 5
A novel tool for improving the accuracy of major depressive disorder screening: A prospective study on andrology with external validation
Hou, G., Zhang, S., Gao, M. J., Zheng, Y., Liu, N., Zhang, G., Meng, P., Hou, N., Wang, F., & Yuan, J. (2023) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115277 · Cited by 5
A mixed-methods study on the assessment of the mental health concerns among university students in the Philippines
Bangalan, S. G., & Agnes, M. C. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-024-05777-0 · Cited by 9
Neuropathological characteristics of abnormal white matter functional signaling in adolescents with major depression
Huang, X., Gao, J., Wang, Y.-M., Zhu, F., Qin, J., Yao, Q.-N., Zhang, X., & Sun, H. (2024) · World Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5498/wjp.v14.i2.276 · Cited by 5
Prevalence and Correlates of Depressive Symptoms and Cognitive Impairment in Elderly People over 65 Years Old in the Community and Nursing Homes
Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Ping, J., Luo, J., Huang, H., Ren, Y., Jiang, T., & Liu, X. (2025) · ALPHA PSYCHIATRY · doi:10.31083/ap38788 · Cited by 5
Outpatient care for facial palsy—a survey on patient satisfaction in uni- and interdisciplinary approaches
Machetanz, K., Oberle, L., Wang, S., Weinbrenner, E., Gorbachuk, M., Lauer, H., Daigeler, A., Tatagiba, M. S., Naros, G., & Schäfer, R. C. (2024) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2024.1354583 · Cited by 5
The role of physical activity in preventing cognitive decline among U.S. older adults with diabetes and prediabetes: a cross-sectional study
Wang, Y., Liu, D., Wang, H., Wang, M., Ruan, W., Han, Y., & Han, Y. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1603627 · Cited by 4
Real-World Symptom Trajectories in Adolescents With and Without Suicide Risk Receiving Care from Rula Health: Retrospective Study
Baez, L. M., McAlister, K. L., Newton, D. A., Seiniger, S., Woodhouse, A., & Huberty, J. (2025) · JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting · doi:10.2196/81444 · Cited by 3
Coping Styles, Postpartum Depression, and Anxiety in Romanian Women: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the Brief COPE Inventory
Motofelea, N., Galiș, R., Szasz, F. A., Motofelea, A. C., Hoinoiu, T., Trinc, S., Papavă, I., Olaru, F., Berceanu, C., Pârvănescu, R., et al. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15031029 · Cited by 4
The multimorbidity association of metabolic syndrome and depression on type 2 diabetes: a general population cohort study in Southwest China
Cai, Y., Zhou, S., Fan, S., Yang, Y., Tian, K., Luo, L., Deng, R., Dai, X., Wang, Y., Zhu, M., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2024.1399859 · Cited by 4
Lower serum insulin-like growth factor 1 concentrations in patients with chronic insomnia disorder
Zhang, Y., Sun, Q., Li, H., Wang, D., Wang, Y., & Wang, Z. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1102642 · Cited by 4
Construction and evaluation of two nomograms for screening major depressive disorder and subthreshold depression individuals based on anxiety, depression, and sleep items
Zhou, M., Tan, Y., Wang, J., Song, Y., Li, Q., Wang, Y., Quan, W., Tian, J., Yin, L., Dong, W., et al. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.09.142 · Cited by 4
Self-citation
Predictors and Correlates of Depression and Anxiety Symptom Trajectories in a Large Digital Mental Health Provider: Retrospective Analysis of Data From Rula Health
McAlister, K. L., Baez, L., Newton, D., Seiniger, S., Pearlman, A., Woodhouse, A., & Huberty, J. (2025) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/75750 · Cited by 2
“The PHQ-9 has demonstrated high internal consistency, with a Cronbach α of .89, and excellent test-retest reliability, with a correlation coefficient of 0.84 [28].”
Influential
Prevalence of phantom vibration syndrome and its associated factors among undergraduate students in a public university
Hamdan, A. B. B., Zulkefli, N. A. B. M., & Fauzi, F. A. (2024) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2024.100552 · Cited by 3
Chronic Kidney Disease-Associated Pruritus in Patients Undergoing Haemodialysis—A Cross-Sectional Study
Wang, T., Goh, J.-X., Tesfaye, W. H., Sud, K., Van, C., Do, L. L., Tarafdar, S., & Castelino, R. L. (2025) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina61060993 · Cited by 3
Associations Between Self-Esteem and Postpartum Depression and Anxiety: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the Rosenberg Scale in Romanian Women
Motofelea, N., Berceanu, C., Voita-Mekeres, F., Galiș, R., Szasz, F. A., Motofelea, A. C., Hoinoiu, T., Papavă, I., Olaru, F., Soava, D. V., et al. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15031135 · Cited by 4
Acupuncture therapies for post-stroke depression: the evidence mapping of clinical studies
Zhou, Z., Ke, C., Shi, W., Cao, Y., Xie, Z., Zhao, X., Hu, Z., Zhou, Y., & Zhang, W. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1523050 · Cited by 3
More empathy for others, more hurt for oneself? Empathy for pain is related to poor mental health and negative emotion regulation
Li, M., Liu, B., Jia, Q., Yuan, T., Feng, Y., Critchley, H., Yang, Q., & Ward, J. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-02585-4 · Cited by 4
Online Racial Discrimination and College Student Mental Health: Social Support as a Moderator
Patel, A., & Wang, C. (2025) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-025-02405-w · Cited by 4
Antibiotic exposure associated with nighttime sleep duration and daytime sleepiness in newlyweds
Gu, L., Ni, Y., Wang, B., Kong, L., Yu, S., Tang, Y., Zhu, P., Shao, S., Tao, F., & Liu, K. (2023) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-023-31475-8 · Cited by 3
Investigating the Efficacy of a Community Support Network Rehabilitation Intervention for Improving Resiliency, Quality of Life, and Neurocognitive Function in Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence–Caused Brain Injury: Protocol for a Feasibility Study
Adhikari, S. P., Stranges, T. N., Zadeh‐Tehrani, S. N., Porter, S., Mason, K., & van Donkelaar, P. (2024) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/54605 · Cited by 4
Psychometric Evaluation of Patient Health Questionnaire 9 Hindi for Use with Patients with Cancer in Community Palliative Care Settings
Bhardwaj, T., Arora, N., & Rajvanshi, A. (2025) · Indian Journal of Palliative Care · doi:10.25259/ijpc_250_2024 · Cited by 3
Depression in the schistosomiasis japonica population based on the PHQ-9 scale: a cross-sectional survey from Jiangxi Province, China
Hu, A., Liu, D. Y., Xie, H., Wu, X., Liu, K., Zhang, X., Li, L., Xing, Z., & Hu, F. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-74510-5 · Cited by 2
Impact of Serious Game on Depression in Students
Lepe-Salazar, F., Nazarit-Campos, O., Cortés-Álvarez, N. Y., & Vuelvas-Olmos, C. R. (2024) · IEEE International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom) · doi:10.1109/healthcom60970.2024.10880792 · Cited by 2
Predictors of nursing students' stress, anxiety, and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in a Hispanic-serving University in South Texas: A cross-sectional study
Diaz, M. I., Gkioulekas, E., & Nadeau, N. (2025) · Journal of Professional Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.profnurs.2025.02.007 · Cited by 2
Aberrant dynamic functional connectivity of amygdala subregions in adolescents with depression
Yao, Q., Ji, J., Cheng, S., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Jia, J., Huang, X., Zhang, X., & Sun, H. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.119641 · Cited by 2
Association between air pollution and female sexual function among Chinese women in a nationwide observation study
Zhang, F., Mao, L., Zhou, X., Zhang, G., Guo, Z., Cheng, G., Qu, R., Deng, Z., Li, W., Tang, L., et al. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-16470-y · Cited by 2
Self-citation
Pre‐Treatment Resilience as a Predictor of Veterans' Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Outcomes Immediately and Up To 12‐Months Following Intensive Cognitive Processing Therapy
Ptak, M. K., Smith, D. L., Pridgen, S., & Held, P. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.70029 · Cited by 2
Characterising inequalities in accessing primary care psychological therapies services for people living with dementia: the example of NHS talking therapies in England
Baou, C. E., Saunders, R., Buckman, J. E. J., Richards, M., Cooper, C., Marchant, N. L., Desai, R., Bell, G., Fearn, C., Pilling, S., et al. (2025) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s2045796025100309 · Cited by 2
Discrepancy between self-reported and performance-based attention
Gjorup, A. L. T., Maia, A., Schmidt, G. J., Marques, A. C., Tolentino, J. C., Trotto, E. F., de Medeiros, P. B., & Schmidt, S. L. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.121098 · Cited by 2
Association between C-reactive protein and depression among alcohol users in the United States: A population-based analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015-2020
Rita-Venugopal, L., Tom Varghese, M., & Madhav, K. C. (2026) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.02.009 · Cited by 2
Unmet needs and quality of life in first-stroke patients: The mediating effects of activities of daily living, depression, and social support
Gao, C., Li, F., Qu, Y., Hu, X., Ding, W., Li, X., & Zhang, J. (2026) · Disability and health journal · doi:10.1016/j.dhjo.2026.102071 · Cited by 2
Depression in Chinese Patients with Cleft Lip and/or Palate: A Preliminary Study
Xia, W., Yang, R., Zong, Y., Yang, Y., Xie, Z., Chi, T., Shi, B., Gong, C., & Huang, H. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12041366 · Cited by 5
Investigation of the status of depression and anxiety among leaders and staff in pharmacy intravenous admixture services in China
Yang, C., Li, D., Yang, Y., Hu, Y., & Zhang, L. (2023) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000034661 · Cited by 2
The moderating effect of physical activity on the relationship between neutrophil count and depressive symptoms
Guo, Z., Xie, Z., Wang, P., Li, S., Xin, X., & Wang, X. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-63432-x · Cited by 2
Self-citation
Anxiety and depression in patients with non-site-specific cancer symptoms: data from a rapid diagnostic clinic
Monroy‐Iglesias, M. J., Russell, B. A., Martin, S., Fox, L., Moss, C., Bruno, F., Millwaters, J., Steward, L., Murtagh, C., Cargaleiro, C., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2024.1358888 · Cited by 2
Early parent-child separation and adolescent depressive symptoms: the mediating role of self-perceived pleasure in social interactions
Gao, Z., Li, X., Zhang, Q., Zhang, P., Muhammad, B., Zhang, L., Chen, Y., & Zhang, C. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-02473-x · Cited by 2
Measurement of neuropsychiatric symptoms in the older adults with mild cognitive impairment based on speech and facial expressions: a cross-sectional observational study
Zhou, Y., Yao, X., Han, W., Li, Y., Xue, J., & Li, Z. (2023) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2023.2280913 · Cited by 3
A pilot study of the AKBAY mobile app for the mental health of university students
Bangalan, S. G., & Agnes, M. C. (2025) · Journal of Enabling Technologies · doi:10.1108/jet-11-2024-0075 · Cited by 1
Exposure to solid and non-clean cooking fuels and the risk of obesity, hypertension, anemia, depression, and anxiety in women of reproductive age: a nationwide population-based study
Acharya, S. R., & Timilsina, D. (2025) · Journal of Health Population and Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s41043-025-00983-3 · Cited by 1
Association between eHealth literacy and anxiety and depression in Chinese patients scheduled for combined orthodontic and orthognathic treatment
Dai, H., Yang, X., Zhao, J., Huang, Y., Peng, C., Tian, Y., Wu, Y. X., & Wang, Z. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-19892-w · Cited by 1
Prevalence and barriers to accessing depression care among people living with HIV in Juja Sub-County, Kiambu County, Kenya
Kemboi, N., Mwangi, E., & Kigundu, A. M. (2025) · International Journal of STD & AIDS · doi:10.1177/09564624251388217 · Cited by 1
Assessment and management of major depressive disorder in adults
Stoltzner, P., & Duncan, C. (2025) · The Nurse Practitioner · doi:10.1097/01.npr.0000000000000385 · Cited by 1
Microdosing psilocybin for major depressive disorder: study protocol for a phase II double-blind placebo-controlled randomised partial crossover trial
Beidas, Z., Ragnhildstveit, A., Blackman, A., Anderson, T., Fewster, E. C., Syed, O. A., Sobolenko, V., Kanca, I. K., Jaglinska, M., Son, T., et al. (2026) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2025.10968 · Cited by 1
Association of frailty with cognitive functioning in older adults: The Chain-mediated effects of sleep and mood regulation and the moderating role of activities of daily living
Tingting, Y., Yulei, S., Huimin, J., Haiyan, Y., Yuan, Z., Meng, T., Yuqing, C., Guihua, X., & Yamei, B. (2026) · Geriatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2026.103964 · Cited by 1
Effectiveness of online mindfulness-based interventions based on the structured curriculum framework in improving mental health: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Tong, M., Qiu, Y., Liu, J., Yue, Y., Gu, J., Zeng, L., Yu, Y., & Yang, F. (2026) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2026.03.022 · Cited by 1
Self-citation
Abnormal connectivity in the fronto-striatal network in adolescent depression with psychotic symptoms
Huang, X., Gao, J., Tang, X., Wang, Y., Gao, F., Tian, J., Cheng, S., Li, Y., Zhang, X., & Sun, H. (2026) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-026-01078-5 · Cited by 1
A retrospective study investigating the anxiety and depression level of novel coronavirus Omicron patients in 2022
Pu, Y., Zhang, W., Xu, X., Sun, Y., Chen, C., Zhou, S., & Fang, B. (2022) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000032438 · Cited by 1
Self-citation
Fatigue and depression at 8 weeks and 1 year after bacterial brain abscess and their relationship with cognitive status
Rogne, A. G., Sigurðardóttir, S., Raudeberg, R., Hassel, B., & Dahlberg, D. (2024) · Neuropsychological Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09602011.2024.2393361 · Cited by 1
Hedonic capacity in a Chinese community population sample: psychometric properties of the dimensional anhedonia rating scale (DARS) and exploration of gender differences
Wang, Q., Wu, Y., Zhang, Y., Li, K., Su, Y., & Si, T. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-02740-x · Cited by 1
Usability and Acceptability of a Videoconference Program for the Treatment of Depression in Adults With Peripheral Neuropathy
Decker, V. B., King, C., Cassisi, J. E., & Tofthagen, C. (2023) · CIN Computers Informatics Nursing · doi:10.1097/cin.0000000000001008
Motivation ist entscheidend: eine Perspektive für die Neuro-rehabilitation
Valenzuela, Y. M. (2023) · neuroreha · doi:10.1055/a-2124-4940
Abnormal Connectivity in the Fronto-Striatal Network in Adolescent Depression with Psychotic SymptomsPreprint
Huang, X., Gao, J., Tang, X., Wang, Y., Gao, F., Tian, J., Zhou, Z., Qin, J., Zhang, X., & Sun, H. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4574916
The Moderating Effect of Physical Activity on the Relationship Between Neutrophils and Depression: A Cross-sectional Analysis Based on the NHANES DatabasePreprint
Guo, Z., Zhenwen, X. I. E., Peng, W. A. N. G., Li, S., Xin, X., & Wang, X. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3850398/v1
Self-citation
Challenges Obstructing the Effective Usage of Artificial Intelligence in Psychotherapy and Feasible Remedies
Vidanage, K., & Gunesekera, A. (2024) · Advances in marketing, customer relationship management, and e-services book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-3478-2.ch003
Effects of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention on Event-Related Potentials (P3) and Depressive Symptoms in Oncological Patients
Schweig, T., Fink, M., Schmidt, K., Krawutschke, M., Pasche, S., Skoda, E., Teufel, M., & Müller, B. W. (2024) · Integrative Cancer Therapies · doi:10.1177/15347354241294057
Characteristics Associated with Engagement in the Early Detection Cascade of Care for Psychosis at a College Counseling Center
Barans, S., Saavedra, J. L., Lardier, D. T., Tohen, M. F., Lenroot, R., Bustillo, J., Halperin, D., Friedman, B. R., Loewy, R. L., Murray-Krezan, C. M., et al. (2025) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-024-01430-z
Examining the moderating effects of biopsychosocial factors on the relationship between HIV-related depression and cognitive function among adolescents living with HIV in Tanzania: A protocol for an analytical cross-sectional study
Kitoki, S., Seif, S. A., & Masika, G. M. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0313223
Game-Based Prevention of Depression in Students
Lepe-Salazar, F., & Preciado-Martínez, F. (2024) · IEEE International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom) · doi:10.1109/healthcom60970.2024.10880808
Unveiling the intricate connection between rumination, depression, and anxiety symptoms in Chinese college students: a network analysis
Wang, Y., Wang, Y., Shiferaw, B. D., Wang, Y., Yan, N., Luo, Y., Mackay, L. E., Zhu, Y., & Wang, W. (2025) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-025-07633-1
An examination of risk factors for ISP tier status placement
Embley, S., & Purser, G. L. (2025) · Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health · doi:10.1080/15555240.2025.2469212

Authors: Sun, Y., Kong, Z., Song, Y., Liu, J., & Wang, X.
Affiliations: Peking University (CN)
Corresponding author: Song, Yuqing
Liu, Jing
Wang, Xilin
ORCID: Sun, Yajing
Song, Yuqing
Liu, Jing
Wang, Xilin
Venue: BMC Psychiatry
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2022-02-09
Volume: 22
Issue: 1
Pages: 98-98
ISSN: 1471-244X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03661-w
PMC: PMC8827244
OpenAlex: W4210925784
Cited by: 131
References: 46
Citations by year: 2026: 32 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 3
FWCI: 22.76
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 (vor)
Locations: BMC Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Greater South Information System
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
Health Sciences › Nursing › Research and Theory › Health Education and Validation
Keywords: PHQ-9, depression screening, neurological disorders, psychometric validation, internal consistency, cut-off values, unemployment, risk factors for depression, Chinese patients
MeSH terms: Patient Health Questionnaire, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Humans, Nervous System Diseases, Neurology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Reproducibility of Results

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The validity and reliability of the PHQ-9 on screening of depression in neurology: a cross sectional study

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Figures

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks