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The effects of cyberbullying victimization on depression and suicidal ideation among adolescents and young adults: a three year cohort study from India
Open accessAbstract
Background: Cyberbullying victimisation is considered a global public health issue concerning the psychological development of adolescents that oftentimes persists into adulthood. The current study explored the longitudinal relationship between cyberbullying victimisation and depression and suicidal ideation among adolescents and young adults, given the scarcity of such studies in poor-resource settings like India. Methods: Data were drawn from the “Understanding the Lives of Adolescents and Young Adults” (UDAYA- 2015-16 and 2018–19) surveys conducted in two most-populated Indian states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. Bivariate and logistic regression analysis was conducted to fulfil the objectives of the study using a sample of 4428 and 11,864 adolescent (aged 10–19 years) male and female cohorts, respectively. Results: The prevalence of cyberbullying victimization increased from 3.8% to 6.4% among female respondents and 1.9% to 5.6% among male respondents over three years. About 33% of females and 16.6% of males had depressive symptoms in their young adulthood. Nearly 7.5% females compared to 2.3% of males, reported that they have seriously considered attempting suicide in the past one year. Adolscents who experienced cyberbullying victimization were 2.07 times more likely to have depressive symptoms comapared to those who did not experience cyberbullying victimization. Similarly, adolescents who experienced cyberbullying victimization were 2.50 times more likely to have suicidal ideation than their counterparts with no experience of cyberbullying victimization. Conclusion: The findings suggest that cyberbullying victims are at higher risk of depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts and these adverse effects persist for longer period. Therefore, cyberbullying and related mental health problems need to be addressed with more efficient strategies such as increased awareness of nuances of online harassments among adolescent and young adult population.
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“Victims often experience isolation and negative emotions69, leading to hopelessness and depression145, which are, in turn, linked to self-harm and suicidal ideation149.”
From Umbrella review of meta-analyses on the risk factors, protective factors, consequences and interventions of cyberbullying victimization (2024) · cites this paper as [149]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“Cyberbullying can lead to anxiety, depression, and, in extreme cases, suicidal thoughts among children (Martínez-Monteagudo et al., 2020; Maurya et al., 2022);”
From Virtual Reality Risks for Children in the Metaverse: An Examination through Criminological Perspectives (2026) · cites this paper as Maurya et al., 2022
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“Experiences of online harassment and victimisation have been associated with poorer psychological outcomes among some young people, including elevated distress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms [27, 28].”
From The Complex and Multifaceted Nature of Social Media: Perspectives From Young Adolescents, Parents and Experts (2026) · cites this paper as [28]
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“Consistent with previous research (e.g., [4]), social media was identifed as a complex and multifaceted tool, ofering opportunities for connection, education, and identity exploration [19, 55, 56], while also highlighting concerns relating to misinformation, social comparison, online victimisation and highly immersive or difcult-to-disengage-from forms of engagement [24, 25, 28, 57].”
From The Complex and Multifaceted Nature of Social Media: Perspectives From Young Adolescents, Parents and Experts (2026) · cites this paper as [28]
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“Research consistently reveals that individuals who are bullied typically have lower levels of self-esteem compared to those who are not victimized [34, 96].”
From How social media usage affects psychological and subjective well-being: testing a moderated mediation model (2023) · cites this paper as [96]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Maurya, C., Muhammad, T., Dhillon, P., & Maurya, P.
- Affiliations
- International Institute for Population Sciences (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Maurya, Priya
- Venue
- BMC Psychiatry
- Published
- 2022-09-09
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 599-599
- ISSN
- 1471-244X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9461154
- OpenAlex
- W4295008754
- Cited by
- 153
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 42 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 26.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- BMC Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Greater South Information System
- Funders
- David and Lucile Packard Foundation
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Keywords
- cyber victimization, depression, suicidal ideation, adolescents, young adults, gender differences, longitudinal effects, online harassment, adolescent mental health, India
- MeSH terms
- Cyberbullying, Adolescent, Adult, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Cohort Studies, Crime Victims, Young Adult, Suicidal Ideation
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