Correlation between systemic immune-inflammatory index and graded diagnosis of periodontitis: a combined cross-sectional and retrospective study
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: To investigate the association between periodontitis and inflammatory biomarkers, including systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio. METHODS: Our study comprised a cross-sectional analysis (an indirect evidence group and a periodontal health control group from January to October 2023) and a retrospective study (a direct evidence group and a non-maintenance group from January 2014 to March 2022). We analyzed demographic data, imaging measurements, and peripheral blood counts. RESULTS: The study included 131 participants in the indirect evidence group, 132 in the healthy control group, 123 in the direct evidence group, and 76 in the non-maintenance group. The indirect evidence group exhibited significantly altered inflammatory biomarker levels compared to the healthy controls. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that SII was the most effective biomarker for diagnosing periodontitis, with an area under the curve 0.758 and a Youden index 0.409. The optimal cut-off value was 437.07 × 10⁹/L, achieving a sensitivity 46.2% and a specificity 94.7%. Correlation analyses revealed significant associations between the biomarker levels and periodontitis grades, with SII showing the highest correlation coefficient (0.942). In the direct evidence group, supportive periodontal therapy significantly mitigated changes in these biomarkers. CONCLUSION: /L could facilitate the periodontitis diagnosis and disease grade determination. SII can be utilized to assess and monitor periodontitis severity and treatment response.
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Specific risk factors for periodontitis, including cigarette smoking and poor glycemic control, are currently accepted grade modifiers.
“Specific risk factors for periodontitis, including cigarette smoking and poor glycemic control, are currently accepted grade modifiers; however, additional oral and systemic inflammatory biomarkers have been under investigation for their possible use as prognostic indicators for periodontitis. 13 , 14 , 15”
From Prognostic utility of oral neutrophil counts in high-risk periodontitis: A retrospective study (2025) · cites this paper as [15]
The Methods section, “Grading of periodontitis” (page not provided), says the study excluded smokers and patients with diabetes and therefore did not consider grade modifiers. This supports smoking and diabetes as modifiers, but the paper does not specifically identify poor glycemic control as a modifier. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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- Authors
- Hu, Y., Yao, Y., Xie, Y., Liu, Q., He, H., Li, Z., Chen, M., & Zhu, L.
- Affiliations
- Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Chen, Mengjie
- Zhu, Lilei
- Venue
- BMC Oral Health
- Published
- 2024-12-23
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1545-1545
- ISSN
- 1472-6831 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11668041
- OpenAlex
- W4405721566
- Cited by
- 5
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2
- FWCI
- 2.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BMC Oral Health (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Inflammatory Biomarkers in Disease Prognosis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Periodontal Regeneration and Treatments
- Keywords
- systemic immune-inflammation index, periodontitis, inflammatory markers, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, periodontal diagnosis, periodontal maintenance, treatment response monitoring
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Lymphocytes, Male, Middle Aged, Neutrophils, Periodontitis, Retrospective Studies, Biomarkers
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