Periodontal diseases
Abstract
Periodontal diseases comprise a wide range of inflammatory conditions that affect the supporting structures of the teeth (the gingiva, bone and periodontal ligament), which could lead to tooth loss and contribute to systemic inflammation. Chronic periodontitis predominantly affects adults, but aggressive periodontitis may occasionally occur in children. Periodontal disease initiation and propagation is through a dysbiosis of the commensal oral microbiota (dental plaque), which then interacts with the immune defences of the host, leading to inflammation and disease. This pathophysiological situation persists through bouts of activity and quiescence, until the affected tooth is extracted or the microbial biofilm is therapeutically removed and the inflammation subsides. The severity of the periodontal disease depends on environmental and host risk factors, both modifiable (for example, smoking) and non-modifiable (for example, genetic susceptibility). Prevention is achieved with daily self-performed oral hygiene and professional removal of the microbial biofilm on a quarterly or bi-annual basis. New treatment modalities that are actively explored include antimicrobial therapy, host modulation therapy, laser therapy and tissue engineering for tissue repair and regeneration.
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Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease driven by dysbiosis of dental biofilms.
“Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease driven by dysbiosis of dental biofilms (Baker et al., 2023; Kilian et al., 2016; Kinane et al., 2017).”
From Enhanced control of periodontitis by an artificial intelligence‐enabled multimodal‐sensing toothbrush and targeted <scp>mHealth</scp> micromessages: A randomized trial (2024) · cites this paper as Kinane et al., 2017
Cites
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- Authors
- Kinane, D. F., Stathopoulou, P. G., & Papapanou, P. N.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kinane, Denis F.
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Disease Primers
- Published
- 2017-06-22
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 17038-17038
- ISSN
- 2056-676X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4211223324
- Cited by
- 2,724
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 407 · 2025: 425 · 2024: 462 · 2023: 406 · 2022: 357 · 2021: 278 · 2020: 211 · 2019: 103 · 2018: 61 · 2017: 12
- FWCI
- 15.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Disease Primers (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Periodontal Regeneration and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Oral and gingival health research
- Keywords
- periodontal disease, chronic periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis, oral microbiota dysbiosis, dental plaque, host-pathogen interaction, systemic inflammation, tooth loss, risk factors, smoking, genetic susceptibility, oral hygiene, scaling and root planing, antimicrobial therapy, host modulation therapy, laser therapy, periodontal regeneration, periodontal disease prevention
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Dental Plaque, Female, Gingiva, Gingival Diseases, Humans, Inflammation, Oral Hygiene, Periodontal Diseases, Periodontal Ligament, Periodontitis, Aggressive Periodontitis, Risk Factors, Prevalence, Tooth Loss, Treatment Outcome, Biofilms, Microbiota
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