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Depression and cardiovascular risk-association among Beck depression inventory, PCSK9 levels and insulin resistance

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Macchi, C., Favero, C., Ceresa, A., Vigna, L., Conti, D. M., Pesatori, A. C., Racagni, G., Corsini, A. +5 more·2020·Cardiovascular Diabetology
DOI 10.1186/s12933-020-01158-6PMC PMC7641831

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Abstract

Background: Depression and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are among the most common causes of disability in high-income countries, depression being associated with a 30% increased risk of future CV events. Depression is twice as common in people with diabetes and is associated with a 60% rise in the incidence of type 2 diabetes, an independent CVD risk factor. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), a key regulator of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, has been related to a large number of CV risk factors, including insulin resistance. Aim of this study was to investigate whether the presence of depression could affect PCSK9 levels in a population of obese subjects susceptible to depressive symptoms and how these changes may mediate a pre-diabetic risk. Results: In 389 obese individuals, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) was significantly associated with PCSK9 levels. For every one-unit increment in BDI-II score, PCSK9 rose by 1.85 ng/mL. Depression was associated also with the HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment index of insulin resistance), 11% of this effect operating indirectly via PCSK9. Conclusions: This study indicates a possible mechanism linking depression and insulin resistance, a well-known CV risk factor, providing evidence for a significant role of PCSK9.

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  • Recent studies indicate that PCSK9 protein levels are increased in Alzheimer's disease and positively correlated with depression score.

    “Moreover, recent studies indicate that PCSK9 protein levels are inreased in Alzheimer’s disease (AD; Zimetti et al., 2016; Picard et al., 2019), and positively correlated with depression score (Macchi et al., 2020).”

    From PCSK9 deficiency alters brain lipid composition without affecting brain development and function (2023) · cites this paper as Macchi et al., 2020

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Authors
Macchi, C., Favero, C., Ceresa, A., Vigna, L., Conti, D. M., Pesatori, A. C., Racagni, G., Corsini, A., Ferri, N., Sirtori, C. R., Buoli, M., Bollati, V., & Ruscica, M.
Affiliations
  • University of Milan (IT)
  • Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (IT)
  • University of Padua (IT)
Corresponding author
  • Bollati, V.
  • Ruscica, M.
ORCID
Venue
Cardiovascular Diabetology
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2020-11-03
Volume
19
Issue
1
Pages
187-187
ISSN
1475-2840 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/s12933-020-01158-6
PMC
PMC7641831
OpenAlex
W3097566011
Cited by
51
References
16
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 1
FWCI
6.04
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Cardiovascular Diabetology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Research Square (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • Fondazione Cariplo (2015-0552, 2018-0511)
  • European Research Council (ERC-2011-StG 282, 413)
  • Fondazione Carlo Sirtori (2020)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
Keywords
depression, cardiovascular risk, PCSK9, insulin resistance, Beck Depression Inventory, HOMA-IR, obesity, prediabetes, type 2 diabetes, LDL cholesterol, mediation
MeSH terms
Proprotein Convertase 9, Heart Disease Risk Factors, Adult, Affect, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Female, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Retrospective Studies, Biomarkers, Risk Assessment

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