LDL cholesterol relates to depression, its severity, and the prospective course

Wagner, Claudia Johanna; Musenbichler, Cornelia; Böhm, Lea; Färber, Katharina; Fischer, Anna-Isabell; von Nippold, Felicitas; Winkelmann, Merle; Richter-Schmidinger, Tanja; Mühle, Christiane; Kornhuber, Johannes; Lenz, Bernd

doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.01.010

Cited by 107Treatment of Major DepressionTryptophan and brain disordersLipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health

LDL cholesterol relates to depression, its severity, and the prospective course

Wagner, Claudia Johanna, Musenbichler, Cornelia, Böhm, Lea, Färber, Katharina, Fischer, Anna-Isabell, von Nippold, Felicitas, Winkelmann, Merle, Richter-Schmidinger, Tanja +3 more·2019·Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry

DOI 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.01.010

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Abstract

Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent and burdening mental illness. Approximately 30% of the major depressive episodes (MDE) are classified as therapy-refractory. Further knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying MDD and predictive biomarkers are needed to improve treatment options.Methods Serum lipid levels were compared between patients with a current MDE (n = 130) or remitted MDD (n = 39) and healthy control subjects (n = 61) and associated with the severity (17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale [HAMD] scores) and the prospective course of depression (direct follow-up of at median 20 days post-inclusion).Results We found higher levels of LDL cholesterol (152.5 vs. 134.0 mg/dl, U = 3021, P = 0.008) and LDL/HDL ratio (2.82 vs. 2.21, U = 2912, P = 0.003) in patients with a current MDE than in healthy control subjects. In patients with a current MDE, higher HAMD scores correlated also with higher values of triglycerides (ρ = 0.213, P = 0.015), total cholesterol (ρ = 0.199, P = 0.023), LDL cholesterol (ρ = 0.224, P = 0.010), and LDL/HDL ratio (ρ = 0.196, P = 0.026). Moreover, higher total cholesterol (ρ = -0.233, P = 0.010), LDL cholesterol (ρ = -0.235, P = 0.010), and LDL/HDL ratio (ρ = -0.199, P = 0.029) were associated with a stronger decline in HAMD score between study inclusion and direct follow-up.Limitations We employed an associational study design, performed only a short-term follow-up, and excluded suicidal study subjects.Conclusions Serum lipid levels are associated with depression per se, the depression severity, and the prospective 3-week course. These observations build the basis for future investigations on individualized lipid metabolism-related treatment strategies in depressed patients.

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High levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, and LDL-C are closely related to more severe depressive symptoms.
“In such cases high levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, and LDL-C are closely related to more severe depressive symptoms [18].”
From The abnormalities of lipid metabolism in children and adolescents with major depressive disorder and relationship with suicidal ideation and attempted suicide (2024) · cites this paper as [18]

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Associations Between Serum Lipids and Major Depressive Disorder
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Authors: Wagner, C. J., Musenbichler, C., Böhm, L., Färber, K., Fischer, A.-I., von Nippold, F., Winkelmann, M., Richter-Schmidinger, T., Mühle, C., Kornhuber, J., & Lenz, B.
Affiliations: Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (DE)
Corresponding author: Wagner, Claudia Johanna
ORCID: Wagner, Claudia Johanna
Mühle, Christiane
Kornhuber, Johannes
Lenz, Bernd
Venue: Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2019-06
Volume: 92
Pages: 405-411
ISSN: 0278-5846 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.01.010
OpenAlex: W2913860542
Cited by: 106
References: 21
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4
FWCI: 5.88
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (01EE1401C)
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (GRK2162/1, KO 947/13-1)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
Keywords: LDL cholesterol, major depressive disorder, serum lipids, LDL/HDL ratio, depression severity, triglycerides, total cholesterol, remitted depression, course of depression, predictive biomarkers, lipid metabolism
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, LDL, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Remission Induction, Triglycerides, Biomarkers, Case-Control Studies, Disease Progression, Young Adult

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