Curcumin and/or omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation reduces insulin resistance and blood lipids in individuals with high risk of type 2 diabetes: A randomised controlled trial
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Lowering insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia may not only enhance glycaemic control but also preserve the β-cell function, reducing the overall risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). The current study was aimed to evaluate the effects of curcumin and/or long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3PUFA) supplementation on glycaemic control and blood lipid levels in individuals at high risk of developing T2D. METHODS: This was a 2 × 2 factorial, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. Participants were allocated to either double placebo (PL) or curcumin plus placebo matching for LCn-3PUFA (CC), or LCn-3PUFA plus placebo matching for curcumin (FO), or curcumin plus LCn-3PUFA (CC-FO) for twelve weeks. Primary outcome of the trial was glycaemic indices (HbA1C, fasting glucose and insulin). Insulin resistance and sensitivity is measured using homeostatic model assessment model. RESULTS: A total of sixty-four participants (PL, n = 16; CC, n = 15; FO, n = 17, CC-FO, n = 16) were included in the final analysis. Post-intervention, HbA1c and fasting glucose remained unchanged across all the groups. Insulin sensitivity was significantly improved in the CC supplemented group (32.7 ± 10.3%) compared to PL (P = 0.009). FO and CC-FO tended to improve insulin sensitivity by 14.6 ± 8.5% and 8.8 ± 7.7% respectively, but the difference did not reach significance. Triglyceride levels were further increased in the PL (26.9 ± 7.4%), however, CC and CC-FO supplementation reduced the triglycerides, FO resulted in the greatest reduction in triglycerides (- 16.4 ± 4.5%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Reduction in insulin resistance and triglycerides by curcumin and LCn-3PUFA appears to be attractive strategies for lowering the risk of developing T2D. However, this study failed to demonstrate complimentary benefits of curcumin and LCn-3PUFA on glycaemic control. TRAIL REGISTRATION: ACTRN12615000559516 .
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- Authors
- Thota, R. N., Acharya, S. H., & Garg, M. L.
- Affiliations
- Riddet Institute (NZ)
- John Hunter Hospital (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Garg, Manohar L.
- Venue
- Lipids in Health and Disease
- Published
- 2019-01-26
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 31-31
- ISSN
- 1476-511X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6347796
- OpenAlex
- W2913281433
- Cited by
- 127
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 5
- FWCI
- 5.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Lipids in Health and Disease (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- NOVA (University of Newcastle Australia) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- NOVA (University of Newcastle Australia) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Curcumin's Biomedical Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Natural Antidiabetic Agents Studies
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Keywords
- curcumin, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity, type 2 diabetes prevention, dyslipidemia, triglycerides, serum lipids, glycemic control, HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR, dietary supplementation, beta-cell function, high-risk individuals
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Blood Glucose, Curcumin, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Fasting, Female, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Lipids, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Triglycerides, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Dietary Supplements
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