A combination of omega-3 and plant sterols regulate glucose and lipid metabolism in individuals with impaired glucose regulation: A randomized and controlled clinical trial
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Lipid metabolism imbalance has been recognized as one of the major drivers of impaired glucose metabolism in the context of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the rates of which are steadily increasing worldwide. Impaired glucose regulation (IGR) plays a vital role in the prevention and treatment of T2DM. The goal of this study was to further clarify whether the combination of plant sterols (PS) and omega-3 fatty acids yields any synergistic effect that enhances the prevention and treatment of IGR. METHODS: A total of 200 participants were randomized to receive PS and omega-3 fatty acids (n = 50), PS alone (n = 50), omega-3 fatty acids alone (n = 50), or placebo soy bean powder plus placebo capsules (n = 50) for 12 weeks. Patient characteristics including body composition, blood pressure, glucose metabolism (Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FINS), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR)), lipid metabolism (TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C) and inflammatory factors (Hs-CRP, IL-6) were all monitored in these IGR individuals. RESULTS: Compared to the placebo group, the group receiving the combined intervention exhibited significantly decreased TG, HDL-C, FBG, HOMA-IR and HbA1c. Omega-3 fatty acids alone were associated with significant reductions in waistline, TG, FBG, HOMA-IR and Hs-CRP. PS alone was only associated with decreased TG and Hs-CRP. No interventions produced significant changes in body weight, BMI, blood pressure, FINS, body fat percentage, visceral fat rating, TC, LDL-C or IL-6. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, this study has demonstrated for the first time that PS, omega-3 fatty acids or the combination thereof significantly improved inflammation, insulin resistance, as well as glucose and lipid metabolism in IGR individuals. These findings may provide a scientific basis for the development of nutritional products incorporating PS and omega-3 fatty acids, and also for the development of nutritional supplement strategies aimed at preventing the development of disease in the IGR population.
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- Authors
- Wang, J.-F., Zhang, H.-M., Li, Y.-Y., Xia, S., Wei, Y., Yang, L., Wang, D., Ye, J.-J., Li, H.-X., Yuan, J., & Pan, R.-R.
- Affiliations
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University (CN)
- Venue
- Lipids in Health and Disease
- Published
- 2019-05-01
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 106-106
- ISSN
- 1476-511X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6495649
- OpenAlex
- W2947161232
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 2.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2020-03-16)
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Lipids in Health and Disease (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- the Newtrition Asia Research Grant by BASF Company (SH2016034, SH2018071, SHW2016003, SWHY201604)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Natural Antidiabetic Agents Studies
- Keywords
- phytosterols, omega-3 fatty acids, prediabetes, type 2 diabetes prevention, insulin resistance, glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, inflammation, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, dietary supplements, soybean flour
- MeSH terms
- Blood Glucose, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Phytosterols, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Cytokines, Glucose Intolerance, Inflammation Mediators, Lipid Metabolism
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