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The combined impact of diet, physical activity, sleep and screen time on academic achievement: a prospective study of elementary school students in Nova Scotia, Canada
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Few studies have investigated the independent associations of lifestyle behaviors (diet, physical activity, sleep, and screen time) and body weight status with academic achievement. Even fewer have investigated the combined effect of these behaviors on academic achievement. We hypothesize that the combined effect of these behaviors will have a higher impact on academic achievement than any behavior alone, or that of body weight status. METHODS: In 2011, 4253 grade 5 (10-11 years old) students and their parents were surveyed about the child's diet, physical activity, screen time and sleep. Students' heights and weights were measured by research assistants. Academic achievement was measured using provincial standardized exams in mathematics, reading and writing, and was expressed as 'meeting' or 'not meeting' expectations as per standardized criterion. Exams were written 1 year following the measurement of lifestyle behaviors. Lifestyle behaviors were measured with self- and parental proxy reports and expressed as meeting recommendations (yes/no) for each behavior. Mixed effects logistic regression models adjusting for demographic confounders and caloric intake were used to determine the independent and combined associations. RESULTS: Meeting dietary recommendations was associated with increased likelihood of meeting academic expectations for each of math, reading and writing. Meeting recommendations for screen time and sleep was associated with meeting expectations for writing. For all three subjects, meeting additional lifestyle behavior recommendations was associated with higher likelihood of meeting expectations. Children who met 7-9 lifestyle behavior recommendations had greater than three-times the odds of meeting expectations for reading compared to those who met 0-3 recommendations (OR: 3.07, 95% CI: 2.09, 4.51), and 1.47 and 2.77 times the odds of meeting expectations in mathematics and writing, respectively. Body weight status was not associated with academic achievement. CONCLUSIONS: We found that lifestyle behaviors, not body weight status, are strongly associated with student academic performance. Promoting compliance with established healthy lifestyle recommendations could improve both the health and educational outcomes of school-aged children. School-based health promotion initiatives that target multiple lifestyle behaviors may have a greater effect on academic achievement than those that focus on a single behavior.
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“no prospective study has examined if the combination of several lifestyle habits such as screen time, studying time, employment status as well as eating and sleeping habits may predict cognitive control and academic performance during adolescence [41,42].”
From Lifestyle Habits Predict Academic Performance in High School Students: The Adolescent Student Academic Performance Longitudinal Study (ASAP) (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Faught, E. L., Ekwaru, J. P., Gleddie, D., Storey, K. E., Asbridge, M., & Veugelers, P. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Alberta (CA)
- Dalhousie University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Veugelers, Paul J.
- Venue
- International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
- Published
- 2017-03-09
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 29-29
- ISSN
- 1479-5868 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5343372
- OpenAlex
- W2594686157
- Cited by
- 150
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 5
- FWCI
- 15.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Alberta Innovates - Health Solutions (CA) (201300671)
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute (CA)
- Canada Research Chairs
- Alberta Research Chair
- Institute of Population and Public Health (93860)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health and Lifestyle Studies
- Keywords
- academic performance, diet, physical activity, sleep, screen time, lifestyle habits, weight status, elementary school students, school health promotion, child health, Nova Scotia
- MeSH terms
- Achievement, Body Weight, Child, Diet, Educational Status, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Life Style, Male, Nova Scotia, Parents, Prospective Studies, Sleep, Students, Television, Exercise
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