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Cited by 186Extracellular vesicles in diseaseRNA Interference and Gene DeliveryNanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 151 of the 151 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Exosomes as bio-inspired nanocarriers for RNA delivery: preparation and applications

Open access
Amiri, Ala, Bagherifar, Rafieh, Ansari Dezfouli, Ehsan, Kiaie, Seyed Hossein, Jafari, Reza, Ramezani, Reihaneh·2022·Journal of Translational Medicine
DOI 10.1186/s12967-022-03325-7PMC PMC8919142
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Abstract

Nanocarriers as drug/biomolecule delivery systems have been significantly developed during recent decades. Given the stability, reasonable delivery efficiency, and safety of nanocarriers, there are several barriers in the fulfillment of successful clinical application of these delivery systems. These challenges encouraged drug delivery researchers to establish innovative nanocarriers with longer circulation time, high stability, and high compatibility. Exosomes are extracellular nanometer-sized vesicles released through various cells. These vesicles serve as nanocarriers, possessing great potential to overcome some obstacles encountered in gene and drug delivery due to their natural affinity to recipient cells and the inherent capability to shuttle the genes, lipids, proteins, and RNAs between cells. So far, there has been a lot of valuable research on drug delivery by exosomes, but research on RNA delivery, especially mRNA, is very limited. Since mRNA-based vaccines and therapies have recently gained particular prominence in various diseases, it is essential to find a suitable delivery system due to the large size and destructive nature of these nucleic acids. That's why we're going to take a look at the unique features of exosomes and their isolation and loading methods, to embrace this idea that exosome-mediated mRNA-based therapies would be introduced as a very efficient strategy in disease treatment within the near future. Graphical Abstract

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Crossref · 10.1186/s12967-022-03325-7

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Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of isolation methodology of exosomes. a Size exclusion chromatography which separates particles based on size, is one of the most common methods for obtaining a large volume of exosomes due to the lack of protein contamination and the ability to purify the exosome on a large scale. b Ultracentrifuge separation, despite being dependent on expensive equipment, has been widely used to isolate exosomes based on size and sedimentation properties or density in sucrose gradients. c Microfluidics-based methods rely on physical properties such as size and density, or chemical properties such as binding to exosome surface antigens. d In immunoaffinity methods, exosomes are captured based on their specific binding to antibodies or magnetic nanoparticles. As a result, the surface chemical properties are critical in these techniques. e In ultrafiltration, the particles are centrifuged through the filter and separated based on the pore size of the filter. f In the polymer co-percipitation method, based on steric exclusion, particles are gathered by PEG to form clumps that can be easily precipitated by low-speed centrifugation. g In field flow fractionation, particles accumulate at different position of the membrane depending on their size. Separation occurs when the diffusing and cross-flow forces are balanced
Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of isolation methodology of exosomes. a Size exclusion chromatography which separates particles based on size, is one of the most common methods for obtaining a large volume of exosomes due to the lack of protein contamination and the ability to purify the exosome on a large scale. b Ultracentrifuge separation, despite being dependent on expensive equipment, has been widely used to isolate exosomes based on size and sedimentation properties or density in sucrose gradients. c Microfluidics-based methods rely on physical properties such as size and density, or chemical properties such as binding to exosome surface antigens. d In immunoaffinity methods, exosomes are captured based on their specific binding to antibodies or magnetic nanoparticles. As a result, the surface chemical properties are critical in these techniques. e In ultrafiltration, the particles are centrifuged through the filter and separated based on the pore size of the filter. f In the polymer co-percipitation method, based on steric exclusion, particles are gathered by PEG to form clumps that can be easily precipitated by low-speed centrifugation. g In field flow fractionation, particles accumulate at different position of the membrane depending on their size. Separation occurs when the diffusing and cross-flow forces are balancedCC BY · PubMed Central

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Show all 151 references

Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. Szabo G. Momen-Heravi F. Extracellular Vesicles and Exosomes: Biology and Pathobiology. Liver; 2020. p. 1022–7.
  2. Lundberg S, Karlsson E, Dahlberg H, Glansk M, Larsson S, Larsson S, et al. Exosomes and lipid nanoparticles - the future of targeted drug delivery [Student thesis]; 2020.
  3. Hou X, Zaks T, Langer R, Dong Y. Lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery. Nat Rev Mater. 2021;89:1–17.

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Metadata

Authors
Amiri, A., Bagherifar, R., Ansari Dezfouli, E., Kiaie, S. H., Jafari, R., & Ramezani, R.
Affiliations
  • Islamic Azad University, Tehran (IR)
  • Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (IR)
  • Urmia University (IR)
  • Alzahra University (IR)
Corresponding author
  • Jafari, Reza
  • Ramezani, Reihaneh
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Translational Medicine
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2022-03-14
Volume
20
Issue
1
Pages
125-125
ISSN
1479-5876 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/s12967-022-03325-7
PMC
PMC8919142
OpenAlex
W4220801009
Cited by
186
References
151
Citations by year
2026: 41 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 15
FWCI
3.77
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Translational Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Technical University of Denmark, DTU Orbit (Technical University of Denmark, DTU) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
Keywords
exosomes, RNA delivery, mRNA delivery, nanocarriers, extracellular vesicles, exosome isolation, mRNA vaccines, mRNA therapeutics, gene delivery, drug delivery
MeSH terms
Extracellular Vesicles, RNA, Drug Delivery Systems, Exosomes

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