Uncovering sex differences of rodent microglia

Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are induced by activated microglia

Liddelow, S. A., Guttenplan, K. A., Clarke, L. E., Bennett, F. C., Bohlen, C. J., Schirmer, L., Bennett, M. L., Münch, A. E., Chung, W.-S., Peterson, T. C., et al. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature21029 · Cited by 7,971

Fate Mapping Analysis Reveals That Adult Microglia Derive from Primitive Macrophages

Ginhoux, F., Greter, M., Leboeuf, M., Nandi, S., See, P., Gokhan, S., Mehler, M. F., Conway, S. J., Ng, L. G., Stanley, E. R., et al. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1194637 · Cited by 5,175

The Classical Complement Cascade Mediates CNS Synapse Elimination

Stevens, B., Allen, N. J., Vazquez, L. E., Howell, G. R., Christopherson, K. S., Nouri, N., Micheva, K. D., Mehalow, A. K., Huberman, A. D., Stafford, B., et al. (2007) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.10.036 · Cited by 3,313

Microglial M1/M2 polarization and metabolic states

Orihuela, R., McPherson, C. A., & Harry, G. J. (2016) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.13139 · Cited by 2,070

Policy: NIH to balance sex in cell and animal studies

Clayton, J. A., & Collins, F. S. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/509282a · Cited by 1,816

New tools for studying microglia in the mouse and human CNS

Bennett, M. L., Bennett, F. C., Liddelow, S. A., Ajami, B., Zamanian, J. L., Fernhoff, N. B., Mulinyawe, S. B., Bohlen, C. J., Adil, A., Tucker, A., et al. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1525528113 · Cited by 1,804

Microglia emerge as central players in brain disease

Salter, M. W., & Stevens, B. (2017) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.4397 · Cited by 1,767

Microglia Biology: One Century of Evolving Concepts

Prinz, M., Jung, S., & Priller, J. (2019) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.053 · Cited by 1,525

Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of mouse and human microglia at single-cell resolution

Masuda, T., Sankowski, R., Staszewski, O., Böttcher, C., Amann, L., Sagar, Scheiwe, C., Nessler, S., Kunz, P., van Loo, G., et al. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0924-x · Cited by 1,310

Irradiation induces neural precursor-cell dysfunction

Monje, M. L., Mizumatsu, S., Fike, J. R., & Palmer, T. D. (2002) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm749 · Cited by 1,271

“Senotherapy as a multitarget intervention in chronic obesity: Modulation of senescence, neuroinflammation, dysbiosis, and synaptic integrity in middle-aged female Wistar rats”

Flores-Torres, R. P., Salas-Venegas, V., Santín-Márquez, R., la Vega-Tinajar, M. D., Carreto, R. J. R., Librado‐Osorio, R., Luna‐López, A., Alarcón‐Aguilar, A., López‐Díazguerrero, N. E., Morán‐Ramos, S., et al. (2025) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2025.115331 · Cited by 8

Redefining the timeline: a three-phase framework of hypothalamic microinflammation in metabolic disease

Zagmutt, S., Rodriguez-Garcia, M., Bolaños-Hurtado, M., Reguera, A. C., Casals, N., & Rodríguez‐Rodríguez, R. (2025) · Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s11154-025-09992-3 · Cited by 12

Development of a 3D Brain Model to Study Sex-Specific Neuroinflammation After Hemorrhagic Stroke

Islam, R., Choudhary, H. H., Mehta, H., Zhang, F., Jovin, T. G., & Hanafy, K. A. (2024) · Translational Stroke Research · doi:10.1007/s12975-024-01243-y · Cited by 8

Molecular profiling of adult C. elegans glia across sexes by single-nuclear RNA-seq

Purice, M. D., Quitevis, E. J. A., Manning, R. S., Severs, L. J., Tran, N., Sorrentino, V., Finkbeiner, C., Wu, F., Zager, M. A., Setty, M. N., et al. (2025) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2025.05.013 · Cited by 10

Minimizing the ex vivo confounds of cell-isolation techniques on transcriptomic -profiles of purified microgliaPreprint

Ocañas, S. R., Pham, K. D., Blankenship, H. E., Machalinski, A. H., Chucair‐Elliott, A. J., & Freeman, W. M. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.07.15.452509 · Cited by 8

Microglia‐Mediated Synaptic Dysfunction Contributes to Chemotherapy‐Related Cognitive Impairment

Wang, J., Zhang, H., Augenreich, M. A., Luis Martinez‐Lemus, A., Liu, Z., Kang, X., Lu, B., Chang, H., Yeh, E. T. H., Cata, J. P., et al. (2025) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.70024 · Cited by 7

Orexin/Hypocretin Modulates Neuroinflammatory Response to LPS in a Sex and Brain‐Region Specific Manner in Young Rats

Frick, M. A., Woodruff, J. L., Caudillo, Y. M., Pikel, K., Rehm, J. V., Maciejewska, N., Grillo, C. A., Reagan, L. P., & Fadel, J. R. (2025) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.70175 · Cited by 7

Microglial responses to inflammatory challenge in adult rats altered by developmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls in a sex-specific manner

Walker, K. A., Rhodes, S. T., Liberman, D. A., Gore, A. C., & Bell, M. R. (2024) · NeuroToxicology · doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2024.07.009 · Cited by 8

Hippocampal neuroinflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide causes sex-specific disruptions in action selection, food approach memories, and neuronal activation

Ganesan, K., Ghorbanpour, S. M., Kendall, W., Broome, S. T., Gladding, J. M., Dhungana, A., Abiero, A., Mahmoudi, M., Castorina, A., Kendig, M. D., et al. (2024) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2024.11.011 · Cited by 7

Effects of developmental exposure to FireMaster® 550 (FM 550) on microglia density, reactivity and morphology in a prosocial animal model

Marinello, W. P., Gillera, S. E. A., Fanning, M. J., Malinsky, L. B., Rhodes, C. L., Horman, B. M., & Patisaul, H. B. (2022) · NeuroToxicology · doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2022.04.015 · Cited by 7

Chronic social instability stress down-regulates IL-10 and up-regulates CX3CR1 in tumor-bearing and non-tumor-bearing female mice

Díez-Solinska, A., Lebeña, A., Garmendia, L., Labaka, A., Azkona, G., Pérez-Tejada, J., & Vegas, Ó. (2022) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114063 · Cited by 8

Epigenetic regulation of immune cells in central nervous system: from steady state to pathology

Zhao, L., Schepp, C. L., Iskandar, M., Tao, Y., & Dey, M. (2025) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2025.106005 · Cited by 6

Sex Differences in Metabolite–Immune Circuits of Neuroinflammation

Saminathan, P., Corey, M., Gibbons, A., Rayadurgam, M., Reddy, N., Ramesh, P., & Sharma, S. (2026) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.70114 · Cited by 8

Sex-split analysis of pathology and motor-behavioral outcomes in a mouse model of CLN8-Batten disease reveals an increased disease burden and trajectory in female Cln8mnd mice

Holmes, A. D., White, K. A., Pratt, M. A., Johnson, T. B., Likhite, S. B., Meyer, K., & Weimer, J. M. (2022) · Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases · doi:10.1186/s13023-022-02564-7 · Cited by 6

Current status and significance of research on sex differences in neuroscience: a narrative review and bibliometric analysis

Kim, H., & Lee, H. (2024) · Ewha Medical Journal · doi:10.12771/emj.2024.e16 · Cited by 9

H7N7 viral infection elicits pronounced, sex-specific neuroinflammatory responses in vitro

Gabele, L., Bochow, I., Rieke, N., Sieben, C., Michaelsen‐Preusse, K., Hosseini, S., & Körte, M. (2024) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2024.1444876 · Cited by 6

Brain region and sex differences in human microglia morphology and function

Yoblinski, A. R., Dubey, J., Myers, T., Sathees, N., Volk, D. W., Fish, K. N., & Seney, M. L. (2025) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhaf120 · Cited by 6

Microglial repopulation alleviates age-related decline of stable wakefulness in mice

Liu, H., Badawy, M., Sun, S., Cruz, G., Ge, S., & Xiong, Q. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.988166 · Cited by 5

Sex-specific metabolic adaptations from in utero exposure to particulate matter derived from combustion of petrodiesel and biodiesel fuels

Jetton, T. L., Galbraith, O. T., Peshavaria, M., Bonney, E. A., Holmén, B. A., & Fukagawa, N. K. (2023) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140480 · Cited by 5

The Effect of Pregabalin on Microglia Differentiation in Rat with Neuropathic pain: A Preliminary Study

Hong, S., Piao, L., Cho, E.-H., Seo, E., & Kim, S. (2024) · International Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.7150/ijms.96236 · Cited by 5

Premorbid characteristics of the SAPAP3 mouse model of obsessive-compulsive disorder: behavior, neuroplasticity, and psilocybin treatment

Lazar, M., Brownstien, M., Botvinnik, A., Shevakh, C., Shahar, O., Lifschytz, T., & Lerer, B. (2025) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyaf022 · Cited by 6

Inhibition of astrocyte signaling leads to sex-specific changes in microglia phenotypes in a diet-based model of cerebral small vessel disease

Gollihue, J. L., Aung, K. Z., Rogers, C. B., Galopin, L. B., Wright, N. A., Sompol, P. M., Weekman, E. M., Katsumata, Y., Morganti, J. M., & Norris, C. M. (2025) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-025-03523-2 · Cited by 7

β-Adrenoceptor Blockade Moderates Neuroinflammation in Male and Female EAE Rats and Abrogates Sexual Dimorphisms in the Major Neuroinflammatory Pathways by Being More Efficient in Males

Pilipović, I., Stojić-Vukanić, Z., Prijić, I., Jasnic, N. I., Djordjevic, J. D., & Leposavić, G. (2022) · Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s10571-022-01246-z · Cited by 5

Prenatal inflammation shapes microglial immune response into adulthood

Traetta, M. E., & Tremblay, M. (2022) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2022.10.009 · Cited by 5

Sex Differences in the Expression of Neuroimmune Molecules in the Spinal Cord of a Mouse Model of Antiretroviral-Induced Neuropathic Pain

Al-HadlaQ, M. W., & Masocha, W. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11030875 · Cited by 5

Female mice exhibit similar long-term plasticity and microglial properties between the dorsal and ventral hippocampal poles

Felice, E. D., Bobotis, B. C., Rigillo, G., Khakpour, M., de Andrade, E. G., Benatti, C., Vilella, A., Tascedda, F., Limatola, C., Tremblay, M., et al. (2024) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2024.11.034 · Cited by 5

Sex differences in middle-aged and old Wistar rats in response to long-term sulforaphane treatment for prevention of neuroinflammation, cognitive decline and brain senescence

Santín-Márquez, R., Salas-Venegas, V., García, J. A., Librado‐Osorio, R., Luna‐López, A., López‐Díazguerrero, N. E., Gómez‐González, B., & Königsberg, M. (2025) · Biogerontology · doi:10.1007/s10522-025-10231-0 · Cited by 5

Binge ethanol consumption can be attenuated by systemic administration of minocycline and is associated with enhanced neuroinflammation in the central amygdala

Schrank, S., Sevigny, J. P., Yunus, N. I., Vetter, K., Aguilar, O. D., Ily, V., Valchinova, M., Keinath, A. T., & Sparta, D. R. (2024) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110174 · Cited by 4

CNS resident macrophages exhibit region-specific states and immunogenic responses during Rbpj-deficient brain arteriovenous malformation

Nakisli, S., Fanelli, K., LaComb, J., Arnold, L. J., & Nielsen, C. M. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-86150-4 · Cited by 4

Opposing roles of microglial and macrophagic C3ar1 signaling in stress-induced synaptic and behavioral changes

Tripathi, A., Bartosh, A., Jose, D. A., Mata, J., Hussein, U. K., Laezza, F., Zhao, Z., & Pillai, A. (2025) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-025-03097-8 · Cited by 4

Microglia sensing of peripheral signals that bridge the brain and body

Young, C. E., & Samuel, M. A. (2025) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-025-00905-1 · Cited by 6

Time-restricted feeding rescues sociability deficits and reduces neuroinflammation in aged mice

Ince, L. M., Routh, B. N., Darling, J. S., Manem, K., Prabhakar, A., Martinez, S., Chan, E., Chen, R., Gaudet, A. D., & Fonken, L. K. (2025) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2025.11.007 · Cited by 8

Effects of morphine self-administration on brain structure and microglial phenotypic diversity in the absence of neuronal loss in male Wistar rats

Elizarraras-Herrera, A. D., Medina-Sánchez, D., Serrano-Ramirez, M. S., Ángeles-Valdéz, D., Trujillo-Villarreal, L. A., Carbajo-Mata, M. A., Carranza‐Aguilar, C. J., & Garza‐Villarreal, E. A. (2026) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-025-06994-6 · Cited by 4

Sexually differentiated microglia and CA1 hippocampal synaptic connectivity

Prengel, T. M., Brunne, B., Habiballa, M., & Rune, G. M. (2023) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.13276 · Cited by 4

Microglia and Sleep Disorders

Picard, K., Dolhan, K., Watters, J. J., & Tremblay, M. (2024) · Advances in neurobiology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_20 · Cited by 4

Sex differences in the neuroimmune response following heavy, binge-like alcohol exposure in adolescent rats

Doorn, C. E. V., Nawarawong, N. N., Hopkins, D. M., Peng, H., Pauly, J. R., & Nixon, K. (2025) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2025.578742 · Cited by 4

ATAT1 deficiency enhances microglia/macrophage-mediated erythrophagocytosis and hematoma absorption following intracerebral hemorrhage

Zhang, Y., Huang, P. C., Cao, M., Chen, Y., Zhao, X., He, X., & Xu, L. (2023) · Neural Regeneration Research · doi:10.4103/1673-5374.382984 · Cited by 4

Moderate ethanol exposure reduces astrocyte-induced neuroinflammatorysignaling and cognitive decline in presymptomatic APP/PS1 micePreprint

Kang, S., Lee, J., Choi, S., Nesbitt, J. J., Min, P. H., Trushina, E., & Choi, D.-S. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3627637/v1 · Cited by 2

Effects of noninvasive brain stimulation on motor functions in animal models of ischemia and trauma in the central nervous system

Demir, S., Fink, G. R., Rueger, M. A., & Blaschke, S. J. (2025) · Neural Regeneration Research · doi:10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-01613 · Cited by 3

Vitamin D deficiency and multiple sclerosis relapse: a meta-analysis

Zhang, Y., Yu, S., Zu, Y., Lv, J., Chen, J., & Feng, X. (2026) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2025.1727615 · Cited by 3

Inflammation increases the penetrance of behavioral impairment in Shank3 haploinsufficiency mice — can it explain the behavioral regression in Autism?

Qiao, S.-N., Wang, S. E., Kim, K.-Y., Jo, S., & Jiang, Y.-H. (2026) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-026-03534-2 · Cited by 5

Controlled Decompression Alleviates Motor Dysfunction by Regulating Microglial Polarization via the HIF-1α Signaling Pathway in Intracranial Hypertension

Zheng, J., Zhang, C., Wu, Y., Zhang, C., Che, Y., Zhang, W., Yang, Y., Zhu, J., Yang, L., & Wang, Y. (2023) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-023-03416-6 · Cited by 3

The effects of social environment on AD-related pathology in hAPP-J20 mice and tau-P301L mice

Lanooij, S. D., Drinkenburg, W. H. I. M., Eisel, U. L. M., van der Zee, E. A., & Kas, M. J. (2023) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106309 · Cited by 4

TREM2 function in glioblastoma immune microenvironment: Can we distinguish reality from illusion?

Ghosh, S., & Rothlin, C. V. (2024) · Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1093/neuonc/noae019 · Cited by 3

Prenatal maternal HFD exposure impairs cognition via a hippocampal NMDA mechanism

Chen, K.-R., Ho, Y.-C., Huang, C.-W., Yu, L., & Kuo, P.-L. (2025) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-025-03520-2 · Cited by 2

CX3CR1 modulates acute disc herniation-induced pain via regulating local inflammation and spinal microglia activation

Xiao, L., Zhang, Y., Xing, Y., Yang, H., Shen, M. A., James, N., Sung, S. J., Kuan, C.-Y., Li, J., & Li, X. J. (2025) · Osteoarthritis and Cartilage · doi:10.1016/j.joca.2025.08.017 · Cited by 3

Sex‐ and APOE Genotype–Dependent Pain Susceptibility and Alzheimer's Risk Mediated by the Lipid Metabolism Enzyme LPCAT2

Lai, R., Chung, R., Pai, W., Chen, Y., Lam, K., Lai, C., & Juang, J. (2025) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.70234 · Cited by 2

Dexmedetomidine ameliorates cognitive and affective deficits by modulating neuroinflammation and neurogenesis in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model

Li, M., An, C., Wang, X., Ren, M., Liu, S., Chen, R., Guo, Y., Wang, J., Fei, Y., Ma, D., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2025.1724739 · Cited by 2

Spreading depolarization activates the cGAS–STING pathway and drives cranial nociception: therapeutic potential of STING modulation

Soylu, K. O., Dönmez‐Demir, B., Kılıç, H. B., Sever, M., Cakir-Aktas, C., Kocaefe, Ç., Karataş, H., & Yemişçi, M. (2026) · The Journal of Headache and Pain · doi:10.1186/s10194-026-02267-5 · Cited by 2

Prolonged social isolation promotes depressive-like behavior in male and female mice, with sex-related differences in the stress response

Cepeda, Y., Tobar, C., Jara, N., Pardo, C. C., Villarroel, A., Lagos, R., Recabal, A., Nova-Lamperti, E., Obregón-Rivas, A. M., Vidal, P. M., et al. (2026) · Biology of Sex Differences · doi:10.1186/s13293-026-00874-0 · Cited by 3

Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction promotes neuroprotection and functional recovery after ischemic stroke via activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and modulation of microglial polarization

Pan, X., Zhang, M., Sun, H., Zhao, Y., & Meng, P. (2026) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2026.121563 · Cited by 2

Impact of sex differences on microglial function in Alzheimer’s disease

Figueiredo, E. V., Azevedo, C. V., Penitente, A. R., Pedrosa, V. R., da Silva, V. R. C., & Longo, B. M. (2026) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-026-02099-0 · Cited by 2

Acute Stress, Induced by IFNγ + Aβ, and Chronic Stress, Induced by Age, Affect Microglia in a Sex-Specific Manner

Mela, V., Gaban, A. S., Shatz, P. M., Guillot‐Sestier, M., & Lynch, M. A. (2023) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-023-03235-9 · Cited by 2

Limited contribution of the of P2X4 receptor to LPS-induced microglial reaction in mice

Paola, N., Ulmann, L., François, R., & Hirbec, H. (2023) · Purinergic Signalling · doi:10.1007/s11302-023-09984-5 · Cited by 2

Immune-mediated diseases are associated with a higher risk of ALS incidence: a prospective cohort study from the UK Biobank

Cao, W., Cao, Z., Tang, L., Xu, C., & Fan, D. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1356132 · Cited by 2

Brain volume and microglial density changes are correlated in a juvenile mouse model of cranial radiation and CSF1R inhibitor treatment

Ayoub, R., Yang, S., Ji, H., Fan, L., Michino, S. D. D., Mabbott, D., & Nieman, B. J. (2024) · NMR in Biomedicine · doi:10.1002/nbm.5222 · Cited by 2

Brain region and sex-dependent heterogeneity of PUFA/oxylipin profile, microglia morphology and their relationship

Geertsema, J., Franssen, M. M. M., Barban, F., Sarauskyte, L., Giera, M. A., Kooij, G., & Kőrösi, A. (2024) · Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids · doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102662 · Cited by 2

The roles and therapeutic potential of exosomal non-coding RNAs in microglia-mediated intercellular communication

Yang, H.-B., Lu, D.-C., Shu, M., Li, J., & Ma, Z. (2025) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2025.114049 · Cited by 2

Binge alcohol and the neuroendocrinology of the aging female

Leasure, J. L., Doorn, C. E. V., & Nixon, K. (2025) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2025.101201 · Cited by 2

Development of a Modified Weight-Drop Apparatus for Closed-Skull, Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries in a Mouse Model

Crum, A. B., Nielson, C. D., Lopez, K. J. S., & Meeks, J. P. (2025) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0274-25.2025 · Cited by 2

Telmisartan and Lisinopril Show Potential Benefits in Rescuing Cognitive-Behavioral Function Despite Limited Improvements in Neuropathological Outcomes in Tg-SwDI MicePreprint

Noto, N. M., Restrepo, Y. M., Hernandez, A., Vogel, C., Pulido-Correa, V., Moen, S., Bonetti, J., Chiduruppa, V., Speth, R. C., & Robison, L. S. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.04.23.650226 · Cited by 2

Brainstem microglial cell morphology in neonatal rats with necrotizing enterocolitis and the effects of prenatal heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor

Chawla, V., Mendez, Y. S., Siebold, L., Vickery, J. C., Sacks, M., Mladenov, G., Radulescu, A., & Wilson, C. G. (2025) · World Journal of Pediatric Surgery · doi:10.1136/wjps-2025-001049 · Cited by 1

Sex-dependent hippocampal atrophy among people with methamphetamine-use experience

Schwarb, H. D., Roy, R. J., Schaefer, A. L., Blair, J., & Hubbard, N. A. (2025) · Addiction Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.addicn.2025.100225 · Cited by 1

Ulcerative colitis model triggers gut α-Synuclein aggregation without brain involvement or neuronal loss in female rats

Espinosa‐Oliva, A. M., Vázquez‐Carretero, M. D., Ruiz, R., Roca-Ceballos, M. A., García-Miranda, P., Peral, M. J., Soto, M. S., Herrera, A. J., Venero, J. L., & de Pablos, R. M. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1637548 · Cited by 1

Progressive neuroinflammation and deficits in motor function in a mouse model with an Epg5 pathogenic variant of Vici syndrome

Thornton, B. T., Hardinger, A. G., Pence, L., Kumar, P. P., Connolly, N., Weir, S. J., & Vivian, J. L. (2026) · Experimental & Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1038/s12276-026-01644-z · Cited by 1

Microglial response to sleep deprivation depends on the hippocampal region and paradigm used in adult male mice

Kox, J., Picard, K., Šimončičová, E., Vidal, V., Khakpour, M., Wilhelm, S. A., Burns, S. E., Ibáñez, F. G., Ben‐Azu, B., Havekes, R., et al. (2026) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2026.101213 · Cited by 2

Persistent priming of hypothalamic microglia is associated with sensitization of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to acute stress, hyperactivity and behavioral response disruption in male rats

León‐Rodríguez, A., Fernández‐Arjona, M. D. M., Pedraza, C., López‐Aranda, M. F., Visser, R., & López-Ávalos, M. D. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1828445 · Cited by 1

Cannabis effects on the adolescent brain

Murlanova, K., Hasegawa, Y., Kamiya, A., & Pletnikov, M. V. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-823490-7.00007-1 · Cited by 2

Hippocampal neuroinflammation causes sex-specific disruptions in action selection, food approach memories, and neuronal activationPreprint

Ganesan, K., Ghorbanpour, S. M., Kendall, W., Broome, S. T., Gladding, J. M., Dhungana, A., Abiero, A., Mahmoudi, M., Castorina, A., Kendig, M. D., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.05.19.594460 · Cited by 1

cGAS-STING Signaling Pathway Mediates Brain Trauma-Induced Type I Interferon ResponsePreprint

Fritsch, L. E., Ju, J., Basso, E. K. G., Soliman, E., Paul, S., Chen, J., Kowalski, E., Tuhy, T. C., Somaiya, R. D., Wang, X., et al. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-855949/v1

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Rim, C., Park, H., You, M., Yang, B., Kim, H.-J., Sung, S., & Kwon, M. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1676907/v1

Chronic Social Instability Stress in Tumor-Bearing and Non-Tumor-Bearing Female Mice: Protective Effects of Reduced IL-10 and Increased CX3CR1 ExpressionPreprint

Díez-Solinska, A., Lebeña, A., Garmendia, L., Labaka, A., Azkona, G., Pérez-Tejada, J., & Vegas, Ó. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4126136

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Courchesne, M. C. J., Wakefield, C., Nygard, K. L., Burns, P., Fecteau, G., Desrochers, A., Cao, M., & Frasch, M. G. (2023) · Neuromethods · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-3465-3_4

The Microglial Response to Inhibition of Colony-Stimulating-Factor-1 Receptor Differs by Sex in Adult MicePreprint

Le, L., Eliseeva, S. I., Kara-Pabani, K., Li, H., Yarovinsky, F., & Majewska, A. K. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4795163

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NLRP3-caspase 1 and caspase 11-gasdermin D pathways jointly promote IL1β-mediated neuroinflammation and behavioral deficits in a rat model of psychosocial stressPreprint

Tiwari, S., Mohammed, Z., Yadav, E., Atta, S. R., Kaushik, S., Tiwari, A., Chopra, A., Singh, I., & Ghosh, S. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.02.02.636090

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Ryan, W. G., Eby, H., Bearss, N. R., Imami, A. S., Hamoud, A.-R. A., Pulvender, P., Bollinger, J. L., Wohleb, E. S., & McCullumsmith, R. E. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.04.18.649617

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Sex-dependent hypothalamic microinflammation and microglial polarization: The role of JNK in high-fat diet-induced insulin resistancePreprint

Rodriguez-Garcia, M., Bolaños-Hurtado, M., Redondo, A., Caelles, C., González-Torres, M., Sanz, E., Quintana, A., Zagmutt, S., & Rodríguez‐Rodríguez, R. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.11.11.687241

Additional file 4 of Cranial irradiation disrupts homeostatic microglial dynamic behavior

Strohm, A. O., Johnston, C. J., Hernady, E., Marples, B., O’Banion, M. K., & Majewska, A. K. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26701777

Additional file 1 of Cranial irradiation disrupts homeostatic microglial dynamic behavior

Strohm, A. O., Johnston, C. J., Hernady, E., Marples, B., O’Banion, M. K., & Majewska, A. K. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26701768

Additional file 1 of Fibrin promotes oxidative stress and neuronal loss in traumatic brain injury via innate immune activation

Dean, T., Mendiola, A. S., Yan, Z., Meza-Acevedo, R., Cabriga, B., Akassoglou, K., & Ryu, J. K. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26706930

Additional file 2 of Cranial irradiation disrupts homeostatic microglial dynamic behavior

Strohm, A. O., Johnston, C. J., Hernady, E., Marples, B., O’Banion, M. K., & Majewska, A. K. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26701771

Additional file 2 of Fibrin promotes oxidative stress and neuronal loss in traumatic brain injury via innate immune activation

Dean, T., Mendiola, A. S., Yan, Z., Meza-Acevedo, R., Cabriga, B., Akassoglou, K., & Ryu, J. K. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26706933

Additional file 3 of Cranial irradiation disrupts homeostatic microglial dynamic behavior

Strohm, A. O., Johnston, C. J., Hernady, E., Marples, B., O’Banion, M. K., & Majewska, A. K. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26701774

Additional file 1 of Depletion and activation of microglia impact metabolic connectivity of the mouse brain

Gnörich, J. S., Reifschneider, A., Wind, K., Zatcepin, A., Kunte, S. T., Beumers, P., Bartos, L. M., Wiedemann, T., Grosch, M., Xiang, X., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26571058

Additional file 1 of Biomass smoke inhalation promotes neuroinflammatory and metabolomic temporal changes in the hippocampus of female mice

Scieszka, D. P., Jin, Y., Noor, S., Barr, E., Garcia, M., Begay, J., Herbert, G., Hunter, R. P., Bhaskar, K., Kumar, R., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24012981

Chemogenetic activation of oxytocinergic neurons rescues neural correlates of encephalopathy of prematurity in mice

Knoop, M. S., Possovre, M.-L., Trak, E., Pitetti, J.-L., van de Looij, Y., Sanches, E. F., Tsartsalis, S., Pansiot, J., Schirmbeck, G. H., & Baud, O. (2025) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2025.107250

Sex-Specific Insights in Neuroscience: From Brain Structure to Mental Health Interventions

Kim, H., & Lee, H. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-2070-1_4

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Eom, Y., Cho, J., Kang, K.-W., & Lee, S. H. (2026) · Toxicological Research · doi:10.1007/s43188-026-00339-x

Not just neurons: glial mechanisms driving sex-specific vulnerability to withdrawal and relapse in substance use disorder

Horan, N. L., Keefauver, T., & Seney, M. L. (2026) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2026.101236

Post-COVID fatigue disproportionately affects women: evidence from the DEFEAT Corona cohort

Meier-Maiwald, M., Riester, T., Stölting, A., Klawonn, F., Thölking, T., Beinhauer, K., Lampe, V., Theil, L.-M., Schröder, D., Behrens, G. M. N., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1755106

Sleep disturbance as a modulator of microglial morphology and function: implications for neurodegenerative disease

Zantinge, D. C., Havekes, R., Meerlo, P., & Gervais, N. J. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-27340-7.00009-7

Genetic variations and their interaction with thirdhand smoke exposure on anxiety and memory in Collaborative Cross mice

Yao, Y., Wang, D., Wang, P., Ton, E., Schick, S. F., Jacob, P., Tang, X., Destaillats, H., Hang, B., Snijders, A. M., et al. (2026) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2026.110197 · Cited by 1

Study of the involvement of brain tryptophan metabolism in obesity-induced memory deficits

Mezo‐González, C. E. (2022) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/d788c1bfz3965z4981za000z9c3f9f464001

Exposure-scenario–dependent neurotoxicity and hepatic injury induced by complex byproducts from cured-in-place pipe materials

Lin, H., Zuo, M., Liao, S., Wang, C., Zeng, Z., Zuo, R., Zheng, K., Ke, Y., Huang, Z., & Ren, X. (2026) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2026.120157

Sex on the brain: Unraveling the differences between women and men in neurodegenerative disease

May, M. (2016) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1216-1370 · Cited by 16

Transcriptional and translational differences of microglia from male and female brains

Güneykaya, D. (2019) · Refubium (Universitätsbibliothek der Freien Universität Berlin) · doi:10.17169/refubium-2637

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Kodama, L., & Gan, L. (2019) · Trends in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2019.05.001 · Cited by 118

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Villa, A. M., Torre, S. D., & Maggi, A. C. (2018) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.11.003 · Cited by 135

Sex-specific features of microglia from adult mice

Villa, A., Gelosa, P., Castiglioni, L., Cimino, M., Rizzi, N., Pepe, G., Lolli, F., Marcello, E., Sironi, L., Vegeto, E., et al. (2018) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2018.05.048 · Cited by 651