The impact of elevated temperature and CO2 on growth, physiological and immune responses of Polypedates cruciger (common hourglass tree frog)
Open accessAbstract
Background: Amphibians are one of the most susceptible groups to climate change as their development occurs in aquatic environments or in microhabitats with high humidity. Accordingly, our primary objective was to investigate the chronic physiological responses seen in early larval to adult stages of Polypedates cruciger(Common hourglass tree frog) to future climate change based on continuous exposure to elevated temperature and elevated CO 2-induced low water pH. Free-swimming and free-feeding tadpoles were observed until metamorphosis under four experimental treatments; two elevated temperatures, one elevated CO 2(reduced pH) and a control maintained at ambient temperature (29 °C ± 1 °C) and CO 2(pH = 7). Elevated temperature treatments were maintained at 32 °C ± 0.5 °C and 34 °C ± 0.5 °C to represent respectively, the future climate scenarios RCP2.6 (Representative Concentration Pathway 2.6, the ‘base-case’ scenario) and RCP8.5 (‘business-as-usual’ scenario) according to the 5 th Assessment Report of the IPCC. Elevated CO 2 treatment was maintained within the pH range of 5.5–5.6 representing the range expected between RCP8.5 and RCP2.6. Results: Compared to the control, elevated CO 2 accelerated phenological progression of tadpoles through Gosner stages, thus resulting in lower body size at metamorphosis. Both elevated temperatures significantly delayed the development and reduced the growth of tadpoles. 100% mortality was observed in 34 °C treatment before metamorphosis (before Gosner stage 36) while all the tadpoles died after metamorphosis (at Gosner stage 46) in 32 °C treatment. Elevated CO 2 increased tadpole activity, in terms of their swimming speed, while both of the elevated temperatures reduced it compared to the control. Catalase activity increased at elevated CO 2. Ammonia excretion by tadpoles was decreased by elevated CO 2, but increased under temperature elevation. Both Elevated CO 2 and temperature treatments reduced the white blood cell count and its percentage of thrombocytes. Percentages of lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils were increased at 32 °C, while lymphocyte percentage and lysozyme activity were increased at elevated CO 2. Several deformities were observed in tadpoles at elevated temperature and CO 2. Conclusions: Elevated temperatures and reduced pH due to elevated CO 2, being major features of climate change, increase the vulnerability of amphibians, who are already one of the most threatened vertebrate groups. Based on our observations on the model amphibian species P. cruciger, increased vulnerability to climate change occurs by reducing their growth, body size and motility while also reducing their immunity and inducing physical deformities. These impacts are highly-likely to reduce the foraging, competitive and reproductive capabilities in their natural habitats. We conclude further that even the ‘best-case’ scenario of future climate change can impose significant physiological impacts that could threaten amphibian populations on broader spatial and temporal scales. Graphical abstract:
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Bradford, M. M. (1976) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3 · Cited by 255,302 · see citing works
Aebi, H. (1984) · Methods in Enzymology · doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(84)05016-3 · Cited by 25,696 · see citing works
The representative concentration pathways: an overview
van Vuuren, D. P., Edmonds, J., Kainuma, M., Riahi, K., Thomson, A., Hibbard, K., Hurtt, G. C., Kram, T., Krey, V., Lamarque, J.-F., et al. (2011) · Climatic Change · doi:10.1007/s10584-011-0148-z · Cited by 7,741 · see citing works
Fingerprints of global warming on wild animals and plants
Root, T. L., Price, J. T., Hall, K. R., Schneider, S. H., Rosenzweig, C., & Pounds, J. A. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01333 · Cited by 4,774 · see citing works
Status and Trends of Amphibian Declines and Extinctions Worldwide
Stuart, S. N., Chanson, J. S., Cox, N. A., Young, B. E., Rodrigues, A. S. L., Fischman, D. L., & Waller, R. W. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1103538 · Cited by 4,508 · see citing works
Pearson, R. G., & Dawson, T. P. (2003) · Global Ecology and Biogeography · doi:10.1046/j.1466-822x.2003.00042.x · Cited by 4,252 · see citing works
Impacts of climate warming on terrestrial ectotherms across latitude
Deutsch, C. A., Tewksbury, J. J., Huey, R. B., Sheldon, K. S., Ghalambor, C. K., Haak, D. C., & Martin, P. R. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0709472105 · Cited by 3,840 · see citing works
Statistical analysis of repeated measures data using SAS procedures.
Littell, R. C., Henry, P. R., & Ammerman, C. B. (1998) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.2527/1998.7641216x · Cited by 2,837 · see citing works
The Ecology and Behavior of Amphibians
Wells, K. D. (2007) · University of Chicago Press eBooks · doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226893334.001.0001 · Cited by 2,802 · see citing works
Why Mountain Passes are Higher in the Tropics
Janzen, D. H. (1967) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/282487 · Cited by 2,056 · see citing works
Widespread amphibian extinctions from epidemic disease driven by global warming
Alan Pounds, J., Bustamante, M. R., Coloma, L. A., Consuegra, J. A., Fogden, M. P. L., Foster, P. N., La Marca, E., Masters, K. L., Merino-Viteri, A., Puschendorf, R., et al. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04246 · Cited by 1,960 · see citing works
Hochachka, P. W., & Somero, G. N. (2002) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195117028.001.0001 · Cited by 1,935 · see citing works
Diversity of structures and properties among catalases
Chelikani, P., Fita, I., & Loewen, P. C. (2004) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-003-3206-5 · Cited by 1,701 · see citing works
Observations: Atmosphere and Surface
Change, I. P. O. C. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781107415324.008 · Cited by 1,513 · see citing works
The evolution of thermal physiology in ectotherms
Angilletta, M. J., Niewiarowski, P. H., & Navas, C. A. (2002) · Journal of Thermal Biology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4565(01)00094-8 · Cited by 1,437 · see citing works
Donat, M. G., Alexander, L. V., Yang, H., Durre, I., Vose, R. S., Dunn, R., Willett, K. M., Aguilar, E., Brunet, M., Caesar, J., et al. (2013) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1002/jgrd.50150 · Cited by 1,374 · see citing works
Parmesan, C. (2007) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01404.x · Cited by 1,359 · see citing works
Ammonia determination based on indophenol formation with sodium salicylate
Verdouw, H., van Echteld, C. J. A., & Dekkers, E. (1978) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/0043-1354(78)90107-0 · Cited by 1,281 · see citing works
Ecological Aspects of Amphibian Metamorphosis
Wilbur, H. M., & Collins, J. P. (1973) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.182.4119.1305 · Cited by 1,272 · see citing works
Emerging infectious disease and the loss of biodiversity in a Neotropical amphibian community
Lips, K. R., Brem, F., Brenes, R., Reeve, J. D., Alford, R. A., Voyles, J., Carey, C., Livo, L. J., Pessier, A. P., & Collins, J. P. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0506889103 · Cited by 1,173 · see citing works
Hoffmann, A. A., Sørensen, J. G., & Loeschcke, V. (2003) · Journal of Thermal Biology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4565(02)00057-8 · Cited by 1,045 · see citing works
Foden, W. B., Butchart, S. H. M., Stuart, S. N., Vié, J.-C., Akçakaya, H. R., Angulo, A., DeVantier, L. M., Gutsche, A., Turak, E., Cao, L., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0065427 · Cited by 988 · see citing works
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Amphibian Population Declines
Daszak, P., Berger, L., Cunningham, A. A., Hyatt, A. D., Green, D. E., & Speare, R. (1999) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid0506.990601 · Cited by 985 · see citing works
Putting the Heat on Tropical Animals
Tewksbury, J. J., Huey, R. B., & Deutsch, C. A. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1159328 · Cited by 983 · see citing works
The importance of free radicals and catalytic metal ions in human diseases.
Halliwell, B., & Gutteridge, J. M. C. (1985) · Molecular Aspects of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0098-2997(85)90001-9 · Cited by 941 · see citing works
What's new in lysozyme research?
Joll�s, P., & Joll�s, J. (1984) · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/bf00285225 · Cited by 931 · see citing works
Time and Size at Metamorphosis Related to Adult Fitness in Ambystoma Talpoideum
Semlitsch, R. D., Scott, D. E., & Pechmann, J. H. K. (1988) · Ecology · doi:10.2307/1943173 · Cited by 903 · see citing works
Infectious disease and amphibian population declines
Daszak, P., Cunningham, A. A., & Hyatt, A. D. (2003) · Diversity and Distributions · doi:10.1046/j.1472-4642.2003.00016.x · Cited by 819 · see citing works
Acclimation Capacity Underlies Susceptibility to Climate Change
Stillman, J. H. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1083073 · Cited by 804 · see citing works
Berven, K. A. (1990) · Ecology · doi:10.2307/1938295 · Cited by 778 · see citing works
Maximum Neighborhood Margin Discriminant Projection for Classification
Gou, J., Zhan, Y., Wan, M., Shen, X., Chen, J., & Du, L. (2014) · The Scientific World JOURNAL · doi:10.1155/2014/186749 · Cited by 744 · see citing works
Maximum and minimum temperature trends for the globe: An update through 2004
Vose, R. S., Easterling, D. R., & Gleason, B. E. (2005) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2005gl024379 · Cited by 743 · see citing works
Global warming: the complete briefing
(2016) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.196530 · Cited by 672 · see citing works
The Role of Abiotic Factors in Community Organization
Dunson, W. A., & Travis, J. (1991) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/285270 · Cited by 665 · see citing works
Southward, A., Hawkins, S., & Burrows, M. (1995) · Journal of Thermal Biology · doi:10.1016/0306-4565(94)00043-i · Cited by 598 · see citing works
Amphibians and agricultural chemicals: Review of the risks in a complex environment
Mann, R. M., Hyne, R. V., Choung, C. B., & Wilson, S. P. (2009) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2009.05.015 · Cited by 576 · see citing works
Solomon, C. T., Jones, S. E., Weidel, B. C., Buffam, I., Fork, M. L., Karlsson, J., Larsen, S. E., Lennon, J. T., Read, J. S., Sadro, S., et al. (2015) · Ecosystems · doi:10.1007/s10021-015-9848-y · Cited by 521 · see citing works
Adaptive Plasticity in Amphibian Metamorphosis
Newman, R. A. (1992) · BioScience · doi:10.2307/1312173 · Cited by 475 · see citing works
Kiesecker, J. M. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.152098899 · Cited by 461 · see citing works
Ultraviolet radiation, toxic chemicals and amphibian population declines
Blaustein, A. R., Romansic, J. M., Kiesecker, J. M., & Hatch, A. C. (2003) · Diversity and Distributions · doi:10.1046/j.1472-4642.2003.00015.x · Cited by 437 · see citing works
Influence of temperature in thermal and oxidative stress responses in estuarine fish
Madeira, D., Narciso, L., Cabral, H. N., Vinagre, C., & Diniz, M. (2013) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Molecular & Integrative Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.06.008 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
The community context of species’ borders: ecological and evolutionary perspectives
Case, T. J., Holt, R. D., McPeek, M. A., & Keitt, T. H. (2004) · Oikos · doi:10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13148.x · Cited by 377 · see citing works
Denver, R. J. (1997) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1006/hbeh.1997.1383 · Cited by 360 · see citing works
Day, T., & Rowe, L. (2002) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/338989 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Negative effects of changing temperature on amphibian immunity under field conditions
Raffel, T. R., Rohr, J. R., Kiesecker, J. M., & Hudson, P. J. (2006) · Functional Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2435.2006.01159.x · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Smith, D. C. (1983) · Ecology · doi:10.2307/1939970 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
The Blood Morphology of Laboratory Animals
Mueller, J. F., & Schermer, S. (1968) · Journal of Parasitology · doi:10.2307/3277091 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Aspects of Amphibian Metamorphosis: Hormonal Control
Kikuyama, S., Kawamura, K., Tanaka, S., & Yamamoto, K. (1993) · International review of cytology · doi:10.1016/s0074-7696(08)60426-x · Cited by 277 · see citing works
McDonald, D. G., & Wood, C. M. (1981) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.93.1.101 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
The Ecology and Behavior of Amphibians
HAYES, R. A. (2009) · Austral Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1442-9993.2008.01952.x · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Impacts of climate change on the amphibians and reptiles of Southeast Asia
Bickford, D., Howard, S. D., Ng, D., & Sheridan, J. A. (2010) · Biodiversity and Conservation · doi:10.1007/s10531-010-9782-4 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Beck, S. D. (1983) · Annual Review of Entomology · doi:10.1146/annurev.en.28.010183.000515 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
McDonald, D. G., Hōbe, H., & Wood, C. M. (1980) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.88.1.109 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
McDonald, D. G. (1983) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.102.1.123 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Houghton, J. T. (2009) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511841590 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
THERMAL RELATIONS OF FIVE SPECIES OF TROPICAL LIZARDS
Ruibal, R. (1961) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1961.tb03132.x · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Emerging Pathogen of Wild Amphibians in Frogs (Rana catesbeiana) Farmed for International Trade
Mazzoni, R., Cunningham, A. A., Daszak, P., Apolo, A., Perdomo, E., & Speranza, G. (2003) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid0908.030030 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Hunt, S. (2002) · Trends in Immunology · Cited by 172 · see citing works
INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT MODELS OF GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
Parson, E. A., & Fisher-Vanden, A. K. (1997) · Annual Review of Energy and the Environment · doi:10.1146/annurev.energy.22.1.589 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Tadpoles as indicators of harmful levels of pollution in the field
Cooke, A. S. (1981) · Environmental Pollution Series A Ecological and Biological · doi:10.1016/0143-1471(81)90012-x · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Effects of Pond Drying Time on Metamorphosis and Survival in the Salamander Ambystoma talpoideum
Semlitsch, R. D., & Wilbur, H. M. (1988) · Copeia · doi:10.2307/1445721 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Jiang, L., & Morin, P. J. (2004) · Journal of Animal Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.0021-8790.2004.00830.x · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Brunelli, E., Bernabò, I., Berg, C., Lundstedt‐Enkel, K., Bonacci, A., & Tripepi, S. (2008) · Aquatic Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.09.006 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Fish gill water boundary layer: a site of linkage between carbon dioxide and ammonia excretion
Wright, P. A., Randall, D. J., & Perry, S. F. (1989) · Journal of Comparative Physiology B · doi:10.1007/bf00693000 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Atlas of adult Xenopus laevis laevis hematology
Hadji‐Azimi, I., Coosemans, V., & Canicattì, C. (1987) · Developmental & Comparative Immunology · doi:10.1016/0145-305x(87)90068-1 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Soils and agro-ecological environments of Sri Lanka
Panabokke, C. R. (1996) · CGSPace A Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research) · Cited by 126 · see citing works
The Potential for CO2-Induced Acidification in Freshwater: A Great Lakes Case Study
Phillips, J., McKinley, G. A., Bennington, V., Bootsma, H. A., Pilcher, D. J., Sterner, R. W., & Urban, N. R. (2015) · Oceanography · doi:10.5670/oceanog.2015.37 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
EGG-KILLING FUNGUS INDUCES EARLY HATCHING OF RED-EYED TREEFROG EGGS
Warkentin, K. M., Currie, C. R., & Rehner, S. A. (2001) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[2860:ekfieh]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Thermal trouble in the tropics
Perez, T. M., Stroud, J. T., & Feeley, K. J. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaf3343 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Freda, J., & Dunson, W. A. (1985) · Copeia · doi:10.2307/1444853 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Growth and Development of the Green Frog, Rana clamitans, Under Natural Conditions
Martof, B. S. (1956) · The American Midland Naturalist · doi:10.2307/2422324 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Adapting to Pacific Island mangrove responses to sea level rise and climate change
Gilman, E., Ellison, J., Jungblut, V., Lavieren, H. V., Wilson, L., Areki, F., Brighouse, G., Bungitak, J., Dus, E., Henry, M., et al. (2006) · Climate Research · doi:10.3354/cr032161 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Sublethal Effects of the Herbicide Glyphosate on Amphibian Metamorphosis and Development
Cauble, K., & Wagner, R. S. (2005) · Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00128-005-0771-3 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
The interaction between carbon dioxide and ammonia excretion and water pH in fish
Randall, D. J., & Wright, P. A. (1989) · Canadian Journal of Zoology · doi:10.1139/z89-416 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Acid-Base and Electrolyte Status in Carp (Cyprinus Carpio) Exposed to Low Environmental pH
Ultsch, G. R., Ott, M. E., & Heisler, N. (1981) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.93.1.65 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Jung, R. E., & Jagoe, C. H. (1995) · Canadian Journal of Zoology · doi:10.1139/z95-257 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Response to simultaneous dehydration and thermal stress in three species of Puerto Rican frogs
Beuchat, C. A., Pough, F. H., & Stewart, M. M. (1984) · Journal of Comparative Physiology B · doi:10.1007/bf00684411 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Effects of aluminium and low pH on growth and development in Rana temporaria tadpoles
Cummins, C. P. (1986) · Oecologia · doi:10.1007/bf00377630 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Short‐ and long‐term consequences of thermal variation in the larval environment of anurans
Niehaus, A. C., Wilson, R. S., & Franklin, C. E. (2006) · Journal of Animal Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2006.01089.x · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Occurrence of lysozyme in the eggs of coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch
Yousif, A., Albright, L. J., & Evelyn, T. (1991) · Diseases of Aquatic Organisms · doi:10.3354/dao010045 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Amphibian Decline and Emerging Disease
Kiesecker, J. M., Belden, L. K., Shea, K., & Rubbo, M. J. (2004) · American Scientist · doi:10.1511/2004.2.138 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Hentschel, B. T. (1999) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/303263 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
HEAVY METALS IN BULLFROG (RANA CATESBEIANA) TADPOLES: EFFECTS OF DEPURATION BEFORE ANALYSIS
Burger, J., & Snodgrass, J. W. (1998) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1002/etc.5620171110 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Niehaus, A. C., Wilson, R. S., Seebacher, F., & Franklin, C. E. (2011) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.054478 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
RISK-INDUCED EARLY HATCHING IN SALMONIDS
Wedekind, C., & Müller, R. (2005) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/04-1738 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Ahmad, I., Maria, V. L., Oliveira, M., Serafim, A., Bebianno, M. J., Pacheco, M., & Santos, M. A. D. J. C. (2008) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.06.027 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Johns, D. M., Howell, W. H., & Klein-Macphee, G. (1981) · Marine Biology · doi:10.1007/bf00396000 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
BRENDA: the comprehensive enzyme information system
(2002) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.39-6407 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Cuéllar‐Cruz, M., Castaño, I., Arroyo-Helguera, O. E., & Peñas, A. D. L. (2009) · Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · doi:10.1590/s0074-02762009000400020 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Sowers, A. D., Mills, M. A., & Klaine, S. J. (2009) · Aquatic Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.06.013 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Effect of Induced Metamorphosis on the Immune System of the Axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum
Ussing, A. P., & Rosenkilde, P. (1995) · General and Comparative Endocrinology · doi:10.1006/gcen.1995.1031 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Booth, J. H., Jansz, G. F., & Holeton, G. F. (1982) · Canadian Journal of Zoology · doi:10.1139/z82-156 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Trematode infection induced malformations in the common hourglass treefrogs
Rajakaruna, R. S., Piyatissa, P. M. J. R., Jayawardena, U. A., Navaratne, A. N., & Amerasinghe, P. (2008) · Journal of Zoology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2008.00416.x · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Clark, K. L., & LaZerte, B. D. (1987) · Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences · doi:10.1139/f87-196 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Dadour, I. R., Cook, D. F., & Wirth, N. (2001) · Medical and Veterinary Entomology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2915.2001.00291.x · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Lysozyme in Livestock: A Guide to Selection for Disease Resistance: a Review
Sahoo, N. R., Kumar, P., Bhusan, B., Bhattacharya, T. K., Dayal, S., & Sahoo, M. (2012) · Journal of Animal Science Advances · Cited by 32 · see citing works
The Effect of Cold Exposure during Incubation of Sceloporus undulatus Eggs
Christian, K. A., Tracy, C. R., & Porter, W. P. (1986) · Copeia · doi:10.2307/1445303 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Combined Effects of Pesticides and Trematode Infections on Hourglass Tree Frog Polypedates cruciger
Jayawardena, U. A., Rohr, J. R., Navaratne, A. N., Amerasinghe, P., & Rajakaruna, R. S. (2016) · EcoHealth · doi:10.1007/s10393-016-1103-2 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Leishman and G iemsa stain: a new reliable staining technique for blood/bone marrow smears
Gajendra, S., Jha, B., Goel, S., Sahni, T., Sharma, R., Sharif, M. S., Jaiswal, S., & Sachdev, R. (2015) · International Journal of Laboratory Hematology · doi:10.1111/ijlh.12408 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Tingle, C. C. D., & Copland, M. J. W. (1988) · Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata · doi:10.1111/j.1570-7458.1988.tb02263.x · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Acid Tolerance of Anuran Embryos and Larvae from Central Ontario
Grant, K. P., & Licht, L. E. (1993) · Journal of Herpetology · doi:10.2307/1564897 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Dittrich, C., Drakulić, S., Schellenberg, M., Thein, J., & Rödel, M. (2016) · Canadian Journal of Zoology · doi:10.1139/cjz-2015-0168 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Drakulić, S., Feldhaar, H., Lisičić, D., Mioč, M., Cizelj, I., Seiler, M., Spatz, T., & Rödel, M. (2016) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.2113 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Ruthsatz, K., Dausmann, K. H., Peck, M. A., Drees, C., Sabatino, N. M., Becker, L. I., Reese, J., Hartmann, L., & Glos, J. (2018) · Conservation Physiology · doi:10.1093/conphys/coy059 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Horne, M. T., & Dunson, W. A. (1995) · Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology · doi:10.1007/bf00213095 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Surface and Rainwater Chemistry in Sri Lanka— A Risk of Acidification
Silva, E. I. L., & Manuweera, L. (2004) · Asian Journal of Water Environment and Pollution · doi:10.3233/ajw-2004-1_1-2_10 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Das, M., & Mahapatra, P. K. (2014) · The Scientific World JOURNAL · doi:10.1155/2014/491415 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Freitas, J. S., & de Almeida, E. A. (2016) · ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE · doi:10.2108/zs150075 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Tattersall, G. J., & Wright, P. A. (1996) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Physiology · doi:10.1016/0300-9629(95)02077-2 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Drakulić, S., Feldhaar, H., Lisičić, D., Mioč, M., Cizelj, I., Seiler, M., Spatz, T., & Rödel, M. (2017) · Zoologischer Anzeiger · doi:10.1016/j.jcz.2017.04.005 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Effects of acid stress in adult Rana pipiens
Brodkin, M. A., Vatnick, I., Simon, M. P., Hopey, H. A., Butler‐Holston, K., & Leonard, M. (2003) · Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A Comparative Experimental Biology · doi:10.1002/jez.a.10270 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Horne, M. T., & Dunson, W. A. (1994) · Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology · doi:10.1007/bf00214267 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Acute and chronic effects of acidic pH on four subtropical frog species
Farquharson, C., Wepener, V., & Smit, N. J. (2016) · Water SA · doi:10.4314/wsa.v42i1.07 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Miyazaki, T. (1998) · Fish Pathology · doi:10.3147/jsfp.33.7 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Kiesecker, J. M., Beiden, L. K., Shea, K., & Rubbo, M. J. (2016) · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Watson, G. (1992) · Durham e-Theses (Durham University) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 119 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Heat stress and amphibian immunity in a time of climate change
Rollins‐Smith, L. A., & Sage, E. H. L. (2023) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2022.0132 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Nolan, N., Hayward, M. W., Klop‐Toker, K., Mahony, M. J., Lemckert, F. L., & Callen, A. (2023) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani13101634 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Xu, C., Lu, C., & Sun, Q. (2021) · Urban Climate · doi:10.1016/j.uclim.2021.100971 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
da Costa, R. L., Souza, I. D. C., Morozesk, M., de Carvalho, L. B., Carvalho, C. D. S., Monferrán, M. V., Wunderlin, D. A., Fernandes, M. N., & Monteiro, D. A. (2023) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122846 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Longhini, L. S., Zena, L. A., Polymeropoulos, E. T., Rocha, A. C. G., Leandro, G. D. S., Prado, C. P. A., Bícego, K. C., & Gargaglioni, L. H. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.726440 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Pathirajage, K. S., & Rajapaksa, G. K. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-73538-x · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationSu, R., Zhang, S., Zhang, X., Wang, S., & Zhang, W. (2022) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-022-23803-1 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Assis, V. R., & Titon, S. C. M. (2025) · Integrative and Comparative Biology · doi:10.1093/icb/icaf089 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Shanika, D., & Rajapaksa, G. K. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-91984-z · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationDeluen, M., Blanchet, S., Aubret, F., Trochet, A., Gangloff, E. J., Guillaume, O., Chevalier, H. L., Calvez, O., Carle, C., Genty, L., et al. (2021) · Journal of Thermal Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103166 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Population size and survival of the Brazilian Torrent Frog Hylodes heyeri (Anura, Hylodidae)
Struett, M. M., Roper, J. J., & Moura, M. O. (2022) · Austral Ecology · doi:10.1111/aec.13254 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Nolan, N., Hayward, M. W., Callen, A., & Klop‐Toker, K. (2025) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.70829 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Earl, S. R., Ward, R. G., Klotz, R. E., Āboliņš-Ābols, M., & Lackey, A. C. R. (2026) · Journal of Thermal Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2026.104463 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Lan, Z., Zhou, S., Wang, C., Liu, W., & Liu, P. (2025) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani15243604 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Deluen, M. (2022) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/1ec824f6z4e38z491azaf9fz6fc6849fcc44 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Shangpliang, P. W., Hooroo, R. N. K., Ranee, G. B., Hajong, S. R., Kumari, A., & Lyngkhoi, E. (2024) · UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY · doi:10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i73967
CO2 and acidification effects on larval frog immune function, growth, and survival
Rosales, A. M., Wilcoxen, T. E., & Marino, J. A. (2024) · Freshwater Science · doi:10.1086/731885
Gavel, M. J., Forbes, M. R., Smith, D. D. N., Darabaner, J., Reyes, Y. M., Stasko, Z., Carpenter, D. J., & Robinson, S. A. (2025) · Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A Ecological and Integrative Physiology · doi:10.1002/jez.70054
Thermal and immunological stress modulate the locomotor performance of female Xenopus laevis frogs
Oliveira, T. G., Araspin, L., Cabanzo‐Olarte, L. C., Navas, C. A., & Herrel, A. (2026) · Conservation Physiology · doi:10.1093/conphys/coag035
- Authors
- Weerathunga, W. A. M. T., & Rajapaksa, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Kelaniya (LK)
- Corresponding author
- Rajapaksa, Gayani
- Venue
- Frontiers in Zoology
- Published
- 2020-01-13
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 3-3
- ISSN
- 1742-9994 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6958743
- OpenAlex
- W3014051277
- Cited by
- 19
- References
- 119
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3
- FWCI
- 0.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Frontiers in Zoology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Amphibian and Reptile Biology
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Physiological and biochemical adaptations
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Keywords
- high temperature, elevated CO2, ocean acidification, low pH, tadpole development, metamorphosis, growth, swimming speed, catalase activity, ammonia excretion, immune response, leukocytes, lysozyme activity, tadpole mortality, amphibian physiology
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
