Cited by 175Hyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patientsDiabetes Management and ResearchIntensive Care Unit Cognitive Disorders

Time in blood glucose range 70 to 140 mg/dl >80% is strongly associated with increased survival in non-diabetic critically ill adults

Open access
Krinsley, James S, Preiser, Jean-Charles·2015·Critical Care

Abstract

Introduction: Hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia and increased glucose variability are independently associated with increased risk of death in critically ill adults. The relationship between time in targeted blood glucose range (TIR) and mortality is not well described and may be a factor that has confounded the results of the major interventional trials of intensive insulin therapy. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data involving 3,297 patients with intensive care unit (ICU) lengths of stay (LOS) of ≥1.0 day who were admitted between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2013 to a single mixed medical-surgical ICU. We investigated the relationship between TIR 70 to 140 mg/dl with mortality and compared outcomes of non-diabetics (NON) and individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM), including stratifying by TIR above (TIR-hi) and below (TIR-lo) the median value for the NON and DM groups. Results: There were 85,799 blood glucose (BG) values for the NON group and 32,651 for the DM group, and we found that 75.5% and 54.8%, respectively, were between 70 and 140 (P <0.0001). The median (interquartile range) TIR (%) values for the NON and DM groups were 80.6% (61.4% to 94.0%) and 55.0% (35.5% to 71.1%), respectively (P <0.0001). For the NON group, mortality was 8.47% and 15.71% for TIR-hi and TIR-lo, respectively (P <0.0001). For the DM group, mortality was 16.09% and 14.44% for TIR-hi and TIR-lo, respectively (P = NS). We observed similar relationships for the NON group when we stratified by ICU LOS or severity of illness, especially in the most severely ill patients. There was a cumulative interaction of indices of hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia or glucose variability with TIR. Multivariable analysis demonstrated, for the NON group, that TIR-hi was independently associated with increased survival (P =0.0019). For the NON group, the observed-to-expected mortality ratios for TIR-hi and TIR-lo, based on Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV methodology, were 0.53 and 0.78, respectively. In contrast, among those in the DM group, there was no clear relationship between TIR 70 to 140 mg/dl and survival. Conclusions: Independently of ICU LOS and severity of illness, TIR 70 to 140 mg/dl >80% is strongly associated with survival in critically ill patients without diabetes. These findings have implications for the design of clinical protocols for glycemic control in critically ill patients as well for the design of future interventional trials of intensive insulin therapy.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1186/s13054-015-0908-7

Cites

41 of 41 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Severe hyperglycemia (> 180 mg/dl, 10 mmol/l) is associated with increased mortality.

    “A number of observational studies confirmed a strong association between severe hyperglycemia (> 180 mg/dl, 10 mmol/l) (355), marked glycemic variability (coefficient of variation > 20%) (356, 357), mild hypoglycemia (< 70 mg/dl, 3.9 mmol/l) (358) and increased mortality.”

    From ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit. (2019) · cites this paper as [355]

    The Results (‘Interaction of domains of glycemic control’; page unavailable) report higher mortality with a maximum blood glucose ≥180 mg/dl among non-diabetic critically ill patients. The same table does not show a significant association in patients with diabetes, so the unqualified claim is broader than this study’s finding. The paper uses ≥180 mg/dl, rather than >180 mg/dl. (LLM, conf=0.87)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Krinsley, J. S., & Preiser, J.-C.
Affiliations
  • Stamford Hospital (US)
  • Université Libre de Bruxelles (BE)
Corresponding author
Krinsley, James S
Venue
Critical Care
Published
2015-12
Volume
19
Issue
1
Pages
179-179
ISSN
1364-8535 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2072148089
Cited by
174
References
41
Citations by year
2026: 15 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 6
FWCI
15.07
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Critical Care (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Dépôt institutionnel de l'Université libre de Bruxelles (Université Libre de Bruxelles) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patients
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Intensive Care Unit Cognitive Disorders
Keywords
time in range, blood glucose, critically ill adults, mortality, intensive care unit, diabetes mellitus, non-diabetic patients, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, glycemic variability, intensive insulin therapy, disease severity, ICU length of stay, mortality risk factors, intensive care unit admission criteria
MeSH terms
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Blood Chemical Analysis, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Retrospective Studies, Time Factors, Cohort Studies, Survival Rate, Critical Illness

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review