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DNA methylation signatures of illicit drug injection and hepatitis C are associated with HIV frailty

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Deconstructing and targeting the genomic architecture of human neurodegeneration

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Altered DNA methylation within DNMT3A, AHRR, LTA/TNF loci mediates the effect of smoking on inflammatory bowel disease

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(−)-Epicatechin metabolites promote vascular health through epigenetic reprogramming of endothelial-immune cell signaling and reversing systemic low-grade inflammation

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DNA methylation of the cancer-related genes F2RL3 and AHRR is associated with occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

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Higher baseline global leukocyte DNA methylation is associated with MTX non-response in early RA patients

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Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure Associations with DNA Methylation of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Repressor

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Epigenetic Mechanisms of the Aging Human Retina

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The Effect of Tobacco Smoking Differs across Indices of DNA Methylation-Based Aging in an African American Sample: DNA Methylation-Based Indices of Smoking Capture These Effects

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Accelerated epigenetic age, inflammation, and gene expression in lung: comparisons of smokers and vapers with non-smokers

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Epigenome‐Wide DNA Methylation Association Analysis Identified Novel Loci in Peripheral Cells for Alcohol Consumption Among European American Male Veterans

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Association of Obesity with DNA Methylation Age Acceleration in African American Mothers from the InterGEN Study

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AHRR cg05575921 methylation in relation to smoking and PM2.5 exposure among Taiwanese men and women

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Life course socioeconomic position and DNA methylation age acceleration in mid-life

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Cord Blood DNA Methylation Biomarkers for Predicting Neurodevelopmental Outcomes

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Systems-epigenomics inference of transcription factor activity implicates aryl-hydrocarbon-receptor inactivation as a key event in lung cancer development

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The impact of methylation quantitative trait loci (mQTLs) on active smoking-related DNA methylation changes

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Association of internal smoking dose with blood DNA methylation in three racial/ethnic populations

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Smoking-Related DNA Methylation is Associated with DNA Methylation Phenotypic Age Acceleration: The Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study

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Epigenetic Regulation of F2RL3 Associates With Myocardial Infarction and Platelet Function

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Gene expression profiles associated with cigarette smoking and moist snuff consumption

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AHRR methylation in heavy smokers: associations with smoking, lung cancer risk, and lung cancer mortality

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Systematic review of lung function and COPD with peripheral blood DNA methylation in population based studies

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Comparative validation of an epigenetic mortality risk score with three aging biomarkers for predicting mortality risks among older adult males

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Activation of GPR15 and its involvement in the biological effects of smoking

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Tobacco exposure-related alterations in DNA methylation and gene expression in human monocytes: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

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Development and inter-laboratory validation of the VISAGE enhanced tool for age estimation from semen using quantitative DNA methylation analysis

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Epigenetic Determinants of Racial Disparity in Breast Cancer: Looking beyond Genetic Alterations

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Associations of self-reported smoking, cotinine levels and epigenetic smoking indicators with oxidative stress among older adults: a population-based study

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Methylation of the OXTR gene in women with anorexia nervosa: Relationship to social behavior

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DNA Methylation–Based Biomarkers of Environmental Exposures for Human Population Studies

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Epigenome-wide association study on asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap reveals aberrant DNA methylations related to clinical phenotypes

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Global Tobacco Use: Old and New Products

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Leukocyte telomere length and epigenetic-based mortality risk score: associations with all-cause mortality among older adults

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GPR15+ T cells are Th17 like, increased in smokers and associated with multiple sclerosis

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Epigenetic Biomarkers for Environmental Exposures and Personalized Breast Cancer Prevention

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Smoking and its interaction with genetics in MS etiology

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Personal Genome Project UK (PGP-UK): a research and citizen science hybrid project in support of personalized medicine

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Global test for high‐dimensional mediation: Testing groups of potential mediators

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Epigenetic Mechanisms in Parenchymal Lung Diseases: Bystanders or Therapeutic Targets?

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Associations of DNA methylation algorithms of aging and cancer risk: Results from a prospective cohort study

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Assessment of dried blood spots for DNA methylation profiling

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A Four Marker Digital PCR Toolkit for Detecting Heavy Alcohol Consumption and the Effectiveness of Its Treatment

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Smoking and Epstein–Barr virus infection in multiple sclerosis development

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Epigenetic clocks may come out of rhythm—implications for the estimation of chronological age in forensic casework

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Genome‐wide and digital polymerase chain reaction epigenetic assessments of alcohol consumption

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DNA methylation differentiates smoking from vaping and non-combustible tobacco use

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Correlation Between Smoking and Passive Smoking with Multiple Sclerosis and the Underlying Molecular Mechanisms

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A combined epigenome- and transcriptome-wide association study of the oral masticatory mucosa assigns CYP1B1 a central role for epithelial health in smokers

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The association of cigarette smoking with DNA methylation and gene expression in human tissue samples

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DRD4 methylation as a potential biomarker for physical aggression: An epigenome‐wide, cross‐tissue investigation

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Detection of cell-type-specific risk-CpG sites in epigenome-wide association studies

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Wandering along the epigenetic timeline

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Targeted DNA methylation analysis and prediction of smoking habits in blood based on massively parallel sequencing

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Drug Addiction and DNA Modifications

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Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis: Genes, Environment, and a Comprehensive Therapeutic Approach

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Integrating Signals from Sperm Methylome Analysis and Genome-Wide Association Study for a Better Understanding of Male Fertility in Cattle

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Dissecting the pathogenic effects of smoking and its hallmarks in blood DNA methylation on colorectal cancer risk

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Interaction molecular QTL mapping discovers cellular and environmental modifiers of genetic regulatory effects

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Role of epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of chronic respiratory diseases and response to inhaled exposures: From basic concepts to clinical applications

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The effect of statins on cardiovascular outcomes by smoking status: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

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Leveraging biological and statistical covariates improves the detection power in epigenome-wide association testing

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Genome-wide methylation and expression analyses reveal the epigenetic landscape of immune-related diseases for tobacco smoking

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Profile of epigenetic mechanisms in lung tumors of patients with underlying chronic respiratory conditions

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The most important questions in cancer research and clinical oncology—Question 2–5. Obesity-related cancers: more questions than answers

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On epigenetic stochasticity, entropy and cancer risk

Teschendorff, A. E. (2024) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2023.0054 · Cited by 24

Derivation and validation of an epigenetic frailty risk score in population-based cohorts of older adults

Li, X., Delerue, T., Schöttker, B., Holleczek, B., Grill, E., Peters, A., Waldenberger, M., Thorand, B., & Brenner, H. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-32893-x · Cited by 27

Preliminary assessment of pre‐morbid DNA methylation in individuals at high genetic risk of mood disorders

Walker, R. M., Sussmann, J. E., Whalley, H. C., Ryan, N., Porteous, D. J., McIntosh, A. M., & Evans, K. L. (2016) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12415 · Cited by 24

Prenatal tobacco exposure and the risk of tobacco smoking and dependence in offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Duko, B., Pereira, G., Tait, R. J., Nyadanu, S. D., Betts, K., & Alati, R. (2021) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108993 · Cited by 22

A Direct Comparison of the Relationship of Epigenetic Aging and Epigenetic Substance Consumption Markers to Mortality in the Framingham Heart Study

Mills, J., Beach, S., Dogan, M. V., Simons, R. L., Gibbons, F., Long, J., & Philibert, R. (2019) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes10010051 · Cited by 20

The Association Between Epigenetic Clocks and Physical Functioning in Older Women: A 3-Year Follow-up

Föhr, T., Törmäkangas, T., Lankila, H., Viljanen, A., Rantanen, T., Ollikainen, M., Kaprio, J. A., & Sillanpää, E. (2021) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glab270 · Cited by 28

The Importance of Detailed Epigenomic Profiling of Different Cell Types within Organs

Stueve, T. R., Marconett, C. N., Zhou, B., Borok, Z., & Laird‐Offringa, I. A. (2016) · Epigenomics · doi:10.2217/epi-2016-0005 · Cited by 24

DNA methylation at AHRR as a master predictor of smoke exposure and a biomarker for sleep and exercise

Pośpiech, E., Rudnicka, J., Noroozi, R., Pisarek, A., Wysocka, B., Masny, A., Boroń, M., Migacz-Gruszka, K., Pruszkowska‐Przybylska, P., Kobus, M., et al. (2024) · Clinical Epigenetics · doi:10.1186/s13148-024-01757-0 · Cited by 28

Differential DNA methylation in blood as a mediator of the association between cigarette smoking and bladder cancer risk among postmenopausal women

Jordahl, K. M., Phipps, A. I., Randolph, T. W., Tindle, H. A., Liu, S., Tinker, L. F., Kelsey, K. T., White, E., & Bhatti, P. (2019) · Epigenetics · doi:10.1080/15592294.2019.1631112 · Cited by 23

Current Smoking Alters Gene Expression and DNA Methylation in the Nasal Epithelium of Patients with Asthma

Reddy, K. V. V. S. N., Lan, A., Boudewijn, I. M., Rathnayake, S. N. H., Koppelman, G. H., Aliee, H., Theis, F. J., Oliver, B. G. G., van den Berge, M., & Faiz, A. (2021) · American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1165/rcmb.2020-0553oc · Cited by 23

A novel quantitative targeted analysis of X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) using nanopore sequencing

Johansson, J., Lidéus, S., Höijer, I., Ameur, A., Gudmundsson, S., Annerén, G., Bondeson, M.-L., & Wilbe, M. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-34413-3 · Cited by 22

The Value of Biosamples in Smoking Cessation Trials: A Review of Genetic, Metabolomic, and Epigenetic Findings

Saccone, N. L., Baurley, J. W., Bergen, A. W., David, S. P., Elliott, H. R., Foreman, M. G., Kaprio, J. A., Piasecki, T. M., Relton, C. L., Zawertailo, L. A., et al. (2017) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntx096 · Cited by 23

Selling direct-to-consumer epigenetic tests: are we ready?

Dupras, C., Beauchamp, E., & Joly, Y. (2020) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41576-020-0215-2 · Cited by 23

Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Multiple Metabolites influencing Smoking-Related DNA Methylation

Huang, Y., Hui, Q., Walker, D. I., Uppal, K., Goldberg, J. H., Jones, D. P., Vaccarino, V., & Sun, Y. V. (2018) · Epigenomics · doi:10.2217/epi-2017-0101 · Cited by 21

Cigarette and Cannabis Smoking Effects on GPR15+ Helper T Cell Levels in Peripheral Blood: Relationships with Epigenetic Biomarkers

Andersen, A. M., Lei, M., Beach, S. R. H., Philibert, R. A., Sinha, S., & Colgan, J. D. (2020) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes11020149 · Cited by 21

From tobacco smoking to cancer mutational signature: a mediation analysis strategy to explore the role of epigenetic changes

Chen, Z., Wen, W., Cai, Q., Long, J., Wang, Y., Lin, W., Shu, X., Zheng, W., & Guo, X. (2020) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-020-07368-1 · Cited by 23

Cadmium exposure and age-associated DNA methylation changes in non-smoking women from northern Thailand

Demanelis, K., Virani, S., Colacino, J. A., Basu, N., Nishijo, M., Ruangyuttikarn, W., Swaddiwudhipong, W., Nambunmee, K., & Rozek, L. S. (2017) · Current Zoology · doi:10.1093/eep/dvx006 · Cited by 24

Independent Methylome-Wide Association Studies of Schizophrenia Detect Consistent Case–Control Differences

Chan, R. F., Shabalin, A. A., Montaño, C., Hannon, E. J., Hultman, C. M., Fallin, M. D., Feinberg, A. P., Mill, J. S., van den Oord, E. J. C. G., & Åberg, K. A. (2019) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbz056 · Cited by 22

Individual and joint contributions of genetic and methylation risk scores for enhancing lung cancer risk stratification: data from a population-based cohort in Germany

Yu, H., Raut, J. R., Schöttker, B., Holleczek, B., Zhang, Y., & Brenner, H. (2020) · Clinical Epigenetics · doi:10.1186/s13148-020-00872-y · Cited by 22

Patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder display a similar global gene expression signature in whole blood that reflects elevated proportion of immature neutrophil cells with association to lipid changes

Torsvik, A., Brattbakk, H.-R., Trentani, A., Holdhus, R., Stansberg, C., Bartz-Johannessen, C. A., Hughes, T., Steen, N. E., Melle, I., Djurovic, S., et al. (2023) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-023-02442-1 · Cited by 21

Lung function discordance in monozygotic twins and associated differences in blood DNA methylation

Bolund, A. C., Starnawska, A., Miller, M. R., Schlünssen, V., Backer, V., Børglum, A. D., Christensen, K., Tan, Q., Christiansen, L., & Sigsgaard, T. (2017) · Clinical Epigenetics · doi:10.1186/s13148-017-0427-2 · Cited by 23

Connecting the epigenome, metabolome and proteome for a deeper understanding of disease

Suhre, K., & Zaghlool, S. B. (2021) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.13306 · Cited by 23

Epigenetics of single-site and multi-site atherosclerosis in African Americans from the Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy (GENOA)

Ammous, F., Zhao, W., Lin, L., Ratliff, S. M., Mosley, T. H., Bielak, L. F., Zhou, X., Peyser, P. A., Kardia, S. L. R., & Smith, J. A. (2022) · Clinical Epigenetics · doi:10.1186/s13148-022-01229-3 · Cited by 21

A systematic assessment of cell type deconvolution algorithms for DNA methylation data

Song, J., & Kuan, P. F. (2022) · Briefings in Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bib/bbac449 · Cited by 20

Potential (mis)use of epigenetic age estimators by private companies and public agencies: human rights law should provide ethical guidance

Dupras, C., Beck, S., Rothstein, M. A., Berner, A., Saulnier, K. M., Pinkesz, M., Prince, A. E. R., Liosi, S., Song, L., & Joly, Y. (2019) · Current Zoology · doi:10.1093/eep/dvz018 · Cited by 21

Changes in first trimester fetal CYP1A1 and AHRR DNA methylation and mRNA expression in response to exposure to maternal cigarette smoking

Fa, S., Larsen, T. V., Bilde, K., Daugaard, T. F., Ernst, E. H., Lykke‐Hartmann, K., Olesen, R. H., Mamsen, L. S., Ernst, E., Larsen, A., et al. (2017) · Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.etap.2017.11.007 · Cited by 20

Additional file 1: Table S1. of DNA methylation changes of whole blood cells in response to active smoking exposure in adults: a systematic review of DNA methylation studies

Gao, X., Jia, M., Zhang, Y., Breitling, L. P., & Brenner, H. (2015) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3626948_d1

REVIEW

(2016)

DNA methylation and smoking in Korean adults: epigenome-wide association study

Lee, M. K., Hong, Y., Kim, S., London, S. J., & Kim, W. J. (2016) · Clinical Epigenetics · doi:10.1186/s13148-016-0266-6 · Cited by 51

Abstract 3647: Dose-dependent alteration of CpG methylation in AHRR and GFI1 in mononuclear cell DNA of smokers.

Wang, X., Pittman, G. S., Su, D., Adamski, K. N., Campbell, M. R., Joubert, B. R., Huang, Z. Y., Hoyo, C., Murphy, S. K., London, S., et al. (2013) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-3647 · Cited by 1

Epigenome-450K-wide methylation signatures of active cigarette smoking: The Young Finns Study

Mishra, P. P., Hanninen, I., Raitoharju, E., Marttila, S., Mishra, B. H., Mononen, N., Kahonen, M., Hurme, M., Raitakari, O. T., Toronen, P., et al. (2022) · UTUPub (University of Turku)