Gantenerumab: An anti-amyloid monoclonal antibody with potential disease-modifying effects in early Alzheimer’s disease
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: This review describes the research and development process of gantenerumab, a fully human anti-amyloid monoclonal antibody in development to treat early symptomatic and asymptomatic Alzheimer's disease (AD). Anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies can substantially reverse amyloid plaque pathology and may modify the course of the disease by slowing or stopping its clinical progression. Several molecules targeting amyloid have failed in clinical development due to drug-related factors (e.g., treatment-limiting adverse events, low potency, poor brain penetration), study design/methodological issues (e.g., disease stage, lack of AD pathology confirmation), and other factors. The US Food and Drug Administration's approval of aducanumab, an anti-amyloid monoclonal antibody as the first potential disease-modifying therapy for AD, signaled the value of more than 20 years of drug development, adding to the available therapies the first nominal success since cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine were approved. BODY: Here, we review over 2 decades of gantenerumab development in the context of scientific discoveries in the broader AD field. Key learnings from the field were incorporated into the gantenerumab phase 3 program, including confirmed amyloid positivity as an entry criterion, an enriched clinical trial population to ensure measurable clinical decline, data-driven exposure-response models to inform a safe and efficacious dosing regimen, and the use of several blood-based biomarkers. Subcutaneous formulation for more pragmatic implementation was prioritized as a key feature from the beginning of the gantenerumab development program. CONCLUSION: The results from the gantenerumab phase 3 programs are expected by the end of 2022 and will add critical information to the collective knowledge on the search for effective AD treatments.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Gantenerumab can disassemble and degrade amyloid plaques by recruiting microglia and activating phagocytosis.
“This antibody can disassemble and degrade amyloid plaques by recruiting microglia and activating phagocytosis [71,72].”
From Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease: Beyond Symptomatic Therapies (2023) · cites this paper as [71]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
McKhann, G., Drachman, D., Folstein, M., Katzman, R., Price, D., & Stadlan, E. M. (1984) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.34.7.939 · Cited by 27,915 · see citing works
The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease at 25 years
Selkoe, D. J., & Hardy, J. (2016) · EMBO Molecular Medicine · doi:10.15252/emmm.201606210 · Cited by 6,164 · see citing works
Goate, A., Chartier-Harlin, M.-C., Mullan, M., Brown, J., Crawford, F., Fidani, L., Giuffra, L., Haynes, A., Irving, N., James, L., et al. (1991) · Nature · doi:10.1038/349704a0 · Cited by 4,659 · see citing works
Amyloid plaque core protein in Alzheimer disease and Down syndrome.
Masters, C. L., Simms, G., Weinman, N. A., Multhaup, G., McDonald, B. L., & Beyreuther, K. (1985) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.82.12.4245 · Cited by 4,431 · see citing works
Clinical and biomarker changes in dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease
Bateman, R. J., Xiong, C., Benzinger, T. L. S., Fagan, A. M., Goate, A., Fox, N. C., Marcus, D. S., Cairns, N. J., Xie, X., Blazey, T. M., et al. (2012) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1202753 · Cited by 3,814 · see citing works
Self-citationThe antibody aducanumab reduces Aβ plaques in Alzheimer’s disease
Sevigny, J., Chiao, P., Bussière, T., Weinreb, P. H., Williams, L., Maier, M., Dunstan, R., Salloway, S., Chen, T., Ling, Y., et al. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature19323 · Cited by 3,059 · see citing works
Self-citationAmyloid deposition as the central event in the aetiology of Alzheimer’s disease
Hardy, J., & Allsop, D. (1991) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/0165-6147(91)90609-v · Cited by 2,538 · see citing works
Two Phase 3 Trials of Bapineuzumab in Mild-to-Moderate Alzheimer's Disease
Salloway, S., Sperling, R., Fox, N. C., Blennow, K., Klunk, W., Raskind, M., Sabbagh, M., Honig, L. S., Porsteinsson, A. P., Ferris, S., et al. (2014) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1304839 · Cited by 1,960 · see citing works
Self-citationPhase 3 Trials of Solanezumab for Mild-to-Moderate Alzheimer's Disease
Doody, R. S., Thomas, R. G., Farlow, M., Iwatsubo, T., Vellas, B., Joffe, S., Kieburtz, K., Raman, R., Sun, X., Aisen, P. S., et al. (2014) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1312889 · Cited by 1,668 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Centiloid Project: standardizing quantitative amyloid plaque estimation by PET
Klunk, W. E., Koeppe, R. A., Price, J. C., Benzinger, T. L., Devous, M. D., Jagust, W. J., Johnson, K. A., Mathis, C. A., Minhas, D., Pontecorvo, M. J., et al. (2015) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2014.07.003 · Cited by 1,348 · see citing works
APOE4 leads to blood–brain barrier dysfunction predicting cognitive decline
Montagne, A., Nation, D. A., Sagare, A. P., Barisano, G., Sweeney, M. D., Chakhoyan, A., Pachicano, M., Joe, E., Nelson, A. R., D’Orazio, L. M., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2247-3 · Cited by 1,281 · see citing works
Sperling, R. A., Jack, C. R., Black, S. E., Frosch, M. P., Greenberg, S. M., Hyman, B. T., Scheltens, P., Carrillo, M. C., Thies, W., Bednar, M. M., et al. (2011) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2011.05.2351 · Cited by 857 · see citing works
Self-citationSalloway, S., Chalkias, S., Barkhof, F., Burkett, P., Barakos, J., Purcell, D., Suhy, J., Forrestal, F., Tian, Y., Umans, K., et al. (2022) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.4161 · Cited by 619 · see citing works
Self-citationA phase III randomized trial of gantenerumab in prodromal Alzheimer’s disease
for the SCarlet RoAD Investigators, Ostrowitzki, S., Lasser, R. A., Dorflinger, E., Scheltens, P., Barkhof, F., Nikolcheva, T., Ashford, E., Retout, S., Hofmann, C., et al. (2017) · Alzheimer's Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-017-0318-y · Cited by 567 · see citing works
Self-citationThe discovery of Alzheimer's disease
Hippius, H., & Neundörfer, G. (2003) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2003.5.1/hhippius · Cited by 516 · see citing works
Sperling, R., Salloway, S., Brooks, D. J., Tampieri, D., Barakos, J., Fox, N. C., Raskind, M., Sabbagh, M., Honig, L. S., Porsteinsson, A. P., et al. (2012) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(12)70015-7 · Cited by 512 · see citing works
Self-citationBohrmann, B., Baumann, K., Benz, J., Gerber, F., Huber, W., Knoflach, F., Messer, J., Oroszlan, K., Rauchenberger, R., Richter, W. F., et al. (2012) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2011-110977 · Cited by 448 · see citing works
Mechanism of amyloid removal in patients with Alzheimer disease treated with gantenerumab
Ostrowitzki, S. (2012) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneurol.2011.1538 · Cited by 431 · cited 4× · see citing works
“One phase 1 randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled MAD study evaluated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) characteristics of gantenerumab in patients with mild to moderate AD dementia [11].”
BackgroundInfluentialA trial of gantenerumab or solanezumab in dominantly inherited Alzheimer’s disease
Salloway, S., Farlow, M., McDade, E., Clifford, D. B., Wang, G., Llibre-Guerra, J. J., Hitchcock, J. M., Mills, S. L., Santacruz, A. M., Aschenbrenner, A. J., et al. (2021) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01369-8 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Self-citationBateman, R. J., Benzinger, T. L., Berry, S., Clifford, D. B., Duggan, C., Fagan, A. M., Fanning, K., Farlow, M. R., Hassenstab, J., McDade, E. M., et al. (2017) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2016.07.005 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Self-citationKlein, G., Delmar, P., Voyle, N., Rehal, S., Hofmann, C., Abi-Saab, D., Andjelkovic, M., Ristic, S., Wang, G., Bateman, R., et al. (2019) · Alzheimer's Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-019-0559-z · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Self-citationA Single Ascending Dose Study of Bapineuzumab in Patients With Alzheimer Disease
Black, R. S., Sperling, R. A., Safirstein, B., Motter, R. N., Pallay, A., Nichols, A., & Grundman, M. (2010) · Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders · doi:10.1097/wad.0b013e3181c53b00 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
DiFrancesco, J. C., Longoni, M., & Piazza, F. (2015) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2015.00207 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Arrighi, H. M., Barakos, J. A., Barkhof, F., Tampieri, D. I., Jack, C. R., Melançon, D., Morris, K., Ketter, N., Liu, E., & Brashear, H. R. (2015) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2014-309493 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Klein, G., Delmar, P., Kerchner, G. A., Hofmann, C., Abi‐Saab, D., Davis, A., Voyle, N., Baudler, M., da Fontoura, P. P., & Doody, R. S. (2021) · The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.14283/jpad.2020.68 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationDelor, I., Charoin, J.-E., Gieschke, R., Retout, S., Jacqmin, P., & Initiative, A. D. N. (2013) · CPT Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/psp.2013.54 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Prevalence and Natural History of Superficial Siderosis
Pichler, M. R., Vemuri, P., Rabinstein, A. A., Aakre, J. A., Flemming, K. D., Brown, R. D., Kumar, N., Kantarci, K., Kremers, W. K., Mielke, M. M., et al. (2017) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.117.018974 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Profile of gantenerumab and its potential in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
Nisticò, R., Novakovic, D., Feligioni, M., Scaccianoce, S., Piccinin, S., Mercuri, N. B., Nicoletti, F., Caruso, A., Schepisi, C., & Errico, F. (2013) · Drug Design Development and Therapy · doi:10.2147/dddt.s53401 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Portron, A., Jordan, P., Draper, K., Muenzer, C., Dickerson, D., van Iersel, T. M., & Hofmann, C. (2019) · Clinical Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2019.11.015 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Retout, S., Gieschke, R., Serafin, D., Weber, C., Frey, N., & Hofmann, C. (2022) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/cpt.2535 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Boess, F., Sakaoka, S., Abi‐Saab, D., Scelsi, M. A., Delmar, P., Hofmann, C., Klein, G., Baudler, M., Doody, R. S., & Kerchner, G. A. (2021) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.052060 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationVoyle, N., Abi‐Saab, D., Klein, G., Hofmann, C., Delmar, P., Pross, N., Andjelković, M., Milosavljevic‐Ristic, S., Martényi, F., da Fontoura, P. P., et al. (2018) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.2379 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationAbi‐Saab, D., Andjelković, M., Pross, N., Delmar, P., Voyle, N., Klein, G., Esau, N., Ristic, S., Martényi, F., da Fontoura, P. P., et al. (2018) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.2381 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationAndjelković, M., Abi‐Saab, D., Delmar, P., Pross, N., Voyle, N., Klein, G., Mertes, M., Ristic, S., Martényi, F., da Fontoura, P. P., et al. (2018) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.2382 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationAD and its comorbidities: An obstacle to develop a clinically efficient treatment?
Baker, J., & Schott, J. M. (2022) · Revue Neurologique · doi:10.1016/j.neurol.2022.03.001 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Lane, C., Thanasopoulou, A., Delmar, P., Searle, A., Mazzo, F., Ehrhard, P. B., da Fontoura, P. P., Baudler, M., Kerchner, G. A., & Doody, R. S. (2022) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.98.18_supplement.1634 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationBohrmann, B., Oroszlan‐Szovik, K., Anquez, V., Baumann, K., Kusznir, E. A., Gerber, F., Messer, J., Huber, S., Niewoehner, J., Richter, W., et al. (2017) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.88.16_supplement.p6.087 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Hofmann, C., Gieschke, R., Retout, S., Milosavljevic‐Ristic, S., Voyle, N., Delmar, P., & Serafin, D. (2018) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.90.15_supplement.p6.179 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Searle, A., Thanasopoulou, A., Kenton, J., Gabriel, M., Voyle, N., Baudler, M., Doody, R., & Kerchner, G. A. (2021) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.96.15_supplement.2234 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [8]Bateman RJ Smith J Fox NC Black SE Shij Turner RS The clinical development history of gantenerumab, a subcutaneous anti-Aβ monoclonal antibody for early Alzheimer’s disease: building on lessons from the past and paving a path for the future 2022 San Diego Presented at: Alzheimer’s Association International Conference Annual Meeting
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Wang, J., Xia, Y., Zhang, J., & Chen, L. (2024) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-024-01911-3 · Cited by 1,138 · see citing works
Two phase 3 trials of gantenerumab in early Alzheimer's disease
Bateman, R. J., Smith, J., Donohue, M. C., Delmar, P., Abbas, R., Salloway, S., Wojtowicz, J., Blennow, K., Bittner, T., Black, S. E., et al. (2023) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2304430 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Self-citationPeng, Y., Jin, H., Xue, Y.-H., Chen, Q., Yao, S., Du, M., & Liu, S. (2023) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2023.1206572 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Anti-Amyloid Immunotherapies for Alzheimer's Disease: A 2023 Clinical Update
Yadollahikhales, G., & Rojas, J. C. (2023) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-023-01405-0 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease: Beyond Symptomatic Therapies
Buccellato, F. R., D’Anca, M., Tartaglia, G. M., Del Fabbro, M., Scarpini, E., & Galimberti, D. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms241813900 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
“Gantenerumab preferentially interacts with the aggregated form of A β and was developed for subcutaneous administration [71–73].”
BackgroundDighe, S., Jog, S., Momin, M. M., Sawarkar, S. P., & Omri, A. (2023) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics16010058 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Formolo, D. A., Yu, J., Lin, K., Tsang, H. W. H., Ou, H., Kranz, G. S., & Yau, S. (2023) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-023-00618-3 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Review on anti-alzheimer drug development: approaches, challenges and perspectives
Abdallah, A. E. (2024) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/d3ra08333k · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Association of glial fibrillary acid protein, Alzheimer's disease pathology and cognitive decline
Peretti, D. E., Boccalini, C., Ribaldi, F., Scheffler, M., Marizzoni, M., Ashton, N. J., Zetterberg, H., Blennow, K., Frisoni, G. B., & Garibotto, V. (2024) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awae211 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationNeuroimaging in Dementia: More than Typical Alzheimer Disease
Haller, S., Jäger, H. R., Vernooij, M. W., & Barkhof, F. (2023) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.230173 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Drug delivery strategies with lipid-based nanoparticles for Alzheimer’s disease treatment
Jang, Y.-J., Kang, S.-J., Park, H. S., Lee, D., Kim, J. H., Kim, J.-E., Kim, D., Chung, C., Yoon, J., & Bhang, S. H. (2025) · Journal of Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1186/s12951-025-03109-3 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Kong, F., Wu, T., Dai, J., Zhai, Z., Cai, J., Zhu, Z., Xu, Y., & Sun, T. (2023) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1205207 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Zhang, L., Cao, K., Xie, J., Liang, X., Gong, H., Luo, Q., & Luo, H. (2024) · Journal of Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1186/s12951-024-02543-z · Cited by 45 · see citing works
BACE1 Inhibitors for Alzheimer’s Disease: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives
Coimbra, J. R. M., Resende, R., Custódio, J. B. A., Salvador, J. A. R., & Santos, A. E. (2024) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-240146 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Recent progress of nanomedicine in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
Hu, L., Tao, Y., Jiang, Y., & Qin, F. (2023) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2023.1228679 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Hu, Y. P., Cho, M., Sachdev, P., Dage, J. L., Hendrix, S. B., Hansson, O., Bateman, R. J., & Hampel, H. J. (2024) · Med · doi:10.1016/j.medj.2024.08.004 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationTargeting epigenetics: A novel promise for Alzheimer’s disease treatment
Jeremic, D., Jiménez‐Díaz, L., & Navarro‐López, J. D. (2023) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2023.102003 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Raffele, D. D., & Ilie, I. M. (2023) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/d3cc04630c · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Are fibrinaloid microclots a cause of autoimmunity in Long Covid and other post-infection diseases?
Kell, D. B., & Pretorius, E. (2023) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bcj20230241 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Etekochay, M. O., Amaravadhi, A. R., González, G. V., Atanasov, A. G., Matin, M., Mofatteh, M., Steinbusch, H. W. M., Tesfaye, T., & Praticò, D. (2024) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-231135 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Cholesterol Metabolism in Neurodegenerative Diseases
He, K., Zhao, Z., Zhang, J., Li, D.-F., Wang, S., & Liu, Q. (2024) · Antioxidants and Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2024.0674 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Alzheimer disease: Amyloid peptide controversies and challenges of anti-Aβ immunotherapy
Almohmadi, N. H., Al-Kuraishy, H. M., Albuhadily, A. K., Al-Gareeb, A. I., Abdelaziz, A. M., Alexiou, A. T., Papadakis, M., & Batiha, G. E. (2025) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.jpet.2025.103639 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment: The Search for a Breakthrough
Reiss, A. B., Muhieddine, D., Jacob, B., Mesbah, M., Pinkhasov, A., Gomolin, I. H., Stecker, M. M., Wısnıewskı, T., & Leon, J. D. (2023) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina59061084 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Targeting the Brain with Single-Domain Antibodies: Greater Potential Than Stated So Far?
Tsitokana, M. E., Lafon, P., Prézeau, L., Pin, J., & Rondard, P. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24032632 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Alzheimer’s Disease Immunotherapy: Current Strategies and Future Prospects
Aljassabi, A., Zieneldien, T., Kim, J., Regmi, D., & Cao, C. (2024) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-231163 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Lessmann, V., Kartalou, G.-I., Endres, T., Pawlitzki, M., & Gottmann, K. (2023) · Journal of neural transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-023-02618-5 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Anti-amyloid Antibody Therapies for Alzheimer’s Disease
Park, K. W. (2024) · Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s13139-024-00848-3 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Majid, O., Cao, Y., Willis, B. A., Hayato, S., Takenaka, O., Lalovic, B. B., Reddy, S. H. S., Penner, N., Reyderman, L., Yasuda, S., et al. (2024) · CPT Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology · doi:10.1002/psp4.13224 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Therapeutic Advances in Targeting the Amyloid-β Pathway for Alzheimer’s Disease
Zhang, B., Li, Y., Li, H., Shen, X., & Zhu, Z. (2025) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci15101101 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Azargoonjahromi, A. (2024) · Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology · doi:10.1093/jpp/rgae066 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Gehlot, P., Pathak, R., Kumar, S., Choudhary, N. K., & Vyas, V. K. (2024) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117925 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Now and future: Strategies for diagnosis, prevention and therapies for Alzheimer’s disease
Shi, J., Touchon, J., Middleton, L. T., Boada, M., Vassar, R. J., Vellas, B. J., & Shen, Y. (2024) · 中国科学通报：英文版 · doi:10.1016/j.scib.2024.09.042 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationAmyloid-β Clearance with Monoclonal Antibodies: Transforming Alzheimer’s Treatment
Fatima, R., Khan, Y., Maqbool, M., Ramalingam, P. S., Khan, M. G., Bisht, A. S., & Hussain, M. S. (2025) · Current Protein and Peptide Science · doi:10.2174/0113892037362037250205143911 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Updates on pharmacological treatment for Alzheimer’s disease
Tipton, P. W. (2023) · Neurologia i Neurochirurgia Polska · doi:10.5603/pjnns.96286 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
A case for seeking sex-specific treatments in Alzheimer’s disease
Lynch, M. A. (2024) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2024.1346621 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Amyloid solutions: lecanemab, gantenerumab, and donanemab in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
Ameen, T. B., Ali, U., Salma, O., Samee, M. A., Abbas, S. M. I., Kashif, S. N., Arifi, M. A., Ali, M., Khowaja, M., Ali, S. M. S., et al. (2025) · The Egyptian Journal of Neurology Psychiatry and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1186/s41983-025-00968-3 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Samuels, J. D., Lukens, J. R., & Price, R. J. (2023) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.15981 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Schreiner, T. G., Croitoru, C. G., Hodorog, D. N., & Cuciureanu, D. I. (2024) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines12051096 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Kihal, N., Nguyen, P., Nazemi, A., Greschner, A. A., Gauthier, M., & Bourgault, S. (2024) · Aggregate · doi:10.1002/agt2.502 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Recombinant Antibody Fragments for Immunotherapy of Parkinson’s Disease
Manoutcharian, K., & Gevorkian, G. (2024) · BioDrugs · doi:10.1007/s40259-024-00646-5 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
The Potential of a Stratified Approach to Drug Repurposing in Alzheimer’s Disease
Anderson, C., Bucholc, M., McClean, P. L., & Zhang, S. (2023) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom14010011 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Lasheen, N. N., Allam, S., Elgarawany, A., Aswa, D. W., Mansour, R., & Farouk, Z. E. (2024) · The Journal of Physiological Sciences · doi:10.1186/s12576-024-00933-4 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Cathepsin B prevents cell death by fragmentation and destruction of pathological amyloid fibrils
Sulatsky, M. I., Stepanenko, O. V., Stepanenko, O. V., Mikhailova, E. V., & Sulatskaya, A. I. (2025) · Cell Death Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41420-025-02343-w · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Biologics as Therapeutical Agents Under Perspective Clinical Studies for Alzheimer’s Disease
Li, H., Shen, X., Zhang, B., & Zhu, Z. (2025) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules30173479 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia, Connecting and Differentiating Features
Hurła, M., Banaszek, N., Kozubski, W. P., & Dorszewska, J. (2024) · Current Alzheimer Research · doi:10.2174/0115672050319219240711103459 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Mitophagy in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Bibliometric Analysis from 2007 to 2022
Wang, H., Yan, X., Zhang, Y., Wang, P., Li, J., & Zhang, X. (2024) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease Reports · doi:10.3233/adr-230139 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Recombinant Antibody Fragments for Neurological Disorders: An Update
Manoutcharian, K., & Gevorkian, G. (2023) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x21666230830142554 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Manna, P. R., Yang, S., Manna, C., Waters, H., Islam, M. A., Reddy, A. P., Rawat, P., & Reddy, P. H. (2024) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105969 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
P2Y1 receptor in Alzheimer’s disease
Luo, S., Wang, Y., & Hisatsune, T. (2024) · Neural Regeneration Research · doi:10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-02103 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Drugs for Alzheimer’s disease: Where are we coming from? Where are we going?
Angioni, D., Delrieu, J., Coley, N., Ousset, P., Shi, J., & Vellas, B. J. (2024) · 中国科学通报：英文版 · doi:10.1016/j.scib.2024.02.021 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationSobral, M. V. S., Soares, V. G., Gonçalves, O. R., de Abreu, V. S., Bendaham, L. C. A. R., Batista, B. L. L., & dos Santos, M. A. R. (2024) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus · doi:10.1016/j.aggp.2024.100016 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Sharma, A., & Singh, T. G. (2025) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2025.150047 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Clinical Management in Alzheimer’s Disease in the Era of Disease-Modifying Therapies
Guo, M. H., & Vaishnavi, S. (2023) · Current Treatment Options in Neurology · doi:10.1007/s11940-023-00750-x · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The association of microbial infection and adaptive immune cell activation in Alzheimer’s disease
Clement, M. (2023) · Discovery Immunology · doi:10.1093/discim/kyad015 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Abduljawad, A. A., Alkinani, K. B., Zaakan, A., AlGhamdi, A. S., Hamdoon, A. A. E., Alshanbari, B. H., Alshehri, A. A., Alluhaybi, B. B., Alqashi, S. O. I., & Abduljawad, R. A. (2025) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph18111731 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Halder, D., Das, S., & Joseph, A. (2023) · Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics · doi:10.1080/07391102.2023.2230279 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Bulgart, H. R., Perez, M. A. L., Tucker, A., Giarrano, G. N., Banford, K. K., Miller, O., Bonser, S. W. G., Wold, L. E., Scharre, D. W., & Weisleder, N. L. (2024) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.202401731rr · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Effects of mixed metal exposures on MRI diffusion features in the medial temporal lobe
Lee, E., Kim, J., Prado‐Rico, J. M., Du, G., Lewis, M. M., Kong, L., Yanosky, J. D., Eslinger, P. J., Kim, B.-G., Hong, Y., et al. (2023) · NeuroToxicology · doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2024.10.005 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
König, T., Silvaieh, S., Parvizi, T., Wurm, R., Goeschl, S., Uhlik, E., Farr, C. V., Berger–Sieczkowski, E., Untersteiner, H., Zimprich, A. A., et al. (2025) · Genetics in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.gim.2025.101517 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Transport pathways across the blood-brain barrier for waste clearance and drug delivery
Gröbner, L. S., & Pietrzik, C. U. (2026) · Fluids and Barriers of the CNS · doi:10.1186/s12987-026-00812-7 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Boess, F., Scelsi, M. A., Grimmer, T., Perry, R. J., Tonietto, M., Klein, G., Hofmann, C., Salami, M., Wojtowicz, J. M., Lansdall, C. J., et al. (2024) · The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.14283/jpad.2024.60 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationYu, L., Wang, X., Doan, T. H., Fan, Y., Bussière, T., Bacskai, B. J., & Kastanenka, K. V. (2025) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-025-01812-9 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Brain Delivery of Antibody-Derived Biologicals for Alzheimer’s Disease: An Updated Narrative Review
Sumbria, R. K., & Boado, R. J. (2026) · Antibodies · doi:10.3390/antib15020037 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Saini, M., Rohilla, S., & Kumar, R. (2025) · Current Aging Science · doi:10.2174/0118746098376646250715094707 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Chen, T., Hutchison, R. M., Rubel, C. E., Murphy, J. M., Xie, J., O'Gorman, J. T., Dent, G. W., Molenberghs, G., Sormani, M. P., Hendrix, S. B., et al. (2026) · The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.1016/j.tjpad.2025.100458 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The mechanisms and strategies for Alzheimer’s disease prevention: An update
Han, M., Wang, N., Song, M., Liu, C., Wu, Y., Yin, J., Jin, L., Jin, W., & Gao, Z. (2026) · Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B · doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2026.04.007 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Song, C., Li, H., Zhang, T., Zheng, C., & Zheng, C. (2023) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109775 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Fillit, H. M., Assunção, S. S., Majda, T., Ng, C. D., To, T. M., Abbass, I. M., Raimundo, K., Wallick, C. J., & Tcheremissine, O. V. (2024) · The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.14283/jpad.2024.115 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationCAPS: a simple clinical tool for β-amyloid positivity prediction in clinical Alzheimer syndrome
Lahiri, D., Lima, B. S., Roncero, C., Verhoeff, N. P. L. G., Freedman, M., Al‐Shamaa, S., & Chertkow, H. M. (2024) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2024.1422681 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Wu, S., Qi, Y., Jiang, C., & Zheng, J. (2024) · Expert Opinion on Drug Safety · doi:10.1080/14740338.2024.2448205 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Psychoactive substances: novel molecular insights and therapeutic potential for Alzheimer's disease
Fu, C.-L., Li, X., Liu, X., Zheng, Y., Ma, X., Zhang, B., Chen, S. X., Hu, L., Su, S., Wang, X., et al. (2025) · Translational Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s40035-025-00498-1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Current Treatment Approaches for Alzheimer’s Disease and Possible Drug Targets
Ranjan, A., Shukla, S., & Singh, S. (2024) · Current Drug Therapy · doi:10.2174/0115748855307998240529063710 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Current Drugs Used: Classification and Pharmacology
Swain, S. S., Mude, L., Roychowdhury, P., Karri, V. V. S. R., Kuppusamy, G., Gobinath, M., & Subramaniyan, V. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-0259-9_8 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Treatment options for Alzheimer’s Disease: An overview of the amyloid, tau, and alternate hypotheses
Eroltu, K. (2023) · Journal of High School Science · doi:10.64336/001c.89250 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Cell-based immunotherapy for neurodegenerative disease: A promising avenue
Huerta, T. J., Urbina-Muñoz, V., Urra-Alvarez, V., Villablanca, C., Gómez‐Pérez, L. S., Saavedra, B., Contreras, T., & Vidal, R. L. (2025) · Neural Regeneration Research · doi:10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-25-00816 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Wang, B., Li, Y., Yao, T., Shen, X., Li, H., Jiang, W., Li, X., & Zhu, Z. (2026) · RSC Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1039/d5md00963d · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Monoclonal antibodies and small molecules: on the cutting edge of Alzheimer’s disease therapy
Ouro, A., Ben-Dor, G. A., Debasa‐Mouce, M., Gulkarov, S., Leon, J. D., Castro‐Mosquera, M., Sobrino, T., Bougea, A. M., & Reiss, A. B. (2026) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2026.1766762 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Cao, K., Xie, J., Liang, X., Li, Y., Gong, H., & Luo, H. (2026) · Neural Regeneration Research · doi:10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-25-00917 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Köppen, J., Kleinschmidt, M., Morawski, M., Rahfeld, J., Wermann, M., Cynis, H., Hegenbart, U., Daniel, C., Roßner, S., Schilling, S., et al. (2024) · Amyloid · doi:10.1080/13506129.2024.2358121 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ishiki, K., Yamashita, K., Watanabe, S., Miura, M., Kawahira, J., Arimatsu, Y., Kawasaki, K., Iwanaga, S., & Sato, T. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-65264-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Wang, Q., Fu, M., Gao, L., Yuan, X., & Wang, J. (2024) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-240235 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Biosensors for detection of Alzheimer’s disease: a review
Tewari, M. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-19129-9.00005-4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Strategies for Neuroprotection in Alzheimer's Disease
Jasutkar, H. G. (2025) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9783527844678.ch5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
(2021) · Romanian Journal of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy · doi:10.37897/rjpp.2021.1.3
Liew, Y., Arulsamy, A., & Shaikh, M. F. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-3949-5_50-1
Anti-amyloid Monoclonal Antibodies in Alzheimer’s Disease: A New Hope
Nasibova, A. N., Khalilov, R. I., & Eftekhari, A. (2023) · International Journal of Aging · doi:10.34172/ija.2023.e21 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Zhang, L., Cao, K., Xie, J., Liang, X., Luo, Q., & Luo, H. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3715133/v1
Nanotechnology and Nature-Sourced Ingredients for Tackling Neurodegenerative Diseases
Rocha, V., Ribeiro, J., Machado, R., & Gomes, A. C. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-9510-3_8
Advances in Developing Small Molecule Drugs for Alzheimer's Disease
Zhang, W., Zhang, L., Lv, M., Fu, Y., Meng, X., Wang, M., & Wang, H. (2024) · Current Alzheimer Research · doi:10.2174/0115672050329828240805074938
Liew, Y., Arulsamy, A., & Shaikh, M. F. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-7557-0_50
Nuevos tratamientos en la enfermedad de Alzheimer
Lleó, A. (2024) · Medicina Clínica · doi:10.1016/j.medcli.2024.10.011
Anticorpos anti-amiloide no tratamento da Doença de Alzheimer: uma revisão narrativa
Fonseca, B. S., Cordeiro, M. H. D. L., Abreu, P. H., & Takahashi, Y. (2025) · Revista Sociedade Científica · doi:10.61411/rsc202593118
New treatments in Alzheimer's disease
Lleó, A. (2025) · Medicina Clínica (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.medcle.2024.10.008
Do Anti-Amyloid Antibodies Modulate Brain Function in Alzheimer’s Disease?
Pini, L., Allegra, M., & Imbimbo, B. P. (2025) · Neurodegenerative Diseases · doi:10.1159/000549946
Zhang, L., Cao, K., Xie, J., Liang, X., Gong, H., Luo, Z., & Luo, H. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25893785
Biosimilars: Antibody and nanobody-based therapeutic approaches towards protein misfolding diseases
Chinnathambi, S., & Rangappa, N. (2025) · Advances in protein chemistry and structural biology · doi:10.1016/bs.apcsb.2025.10.014
Targeting mGlyR with nanobodies for depression
Laboute, T., Zucca, S., Sial, O. K., Sharma, M., Brunori, G., Singh, S., Nageswar, K., Peng, H., Rader, C. M., Becker, J. A. J., et al. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-68339-x
Konstantoulea, K., Ramakers, M., Borrie, S. C., T’Syen, D., Moechars, D., Śliwińska, M. A., Pradhan, B., Albertini, G., Baligács, N., Tsaka, G., et al. (2026) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2516774123
Kaur, N., Gupta, S., Bansal, G., & Bansal, Y. (2026) · Molecular Diversity · doi:10.1007/s11030-026-11546-x · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Various Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapeutics for Managing Alzheimer’s Disease
Verma, M., & Singh, N. K. (2026) · BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS eBooks · doi:10.2174/9798898814953126010010
- Authors
- Bateman, R. J., Cummings, J., Schobel, S., Salloway, S., Vellas, B., Boada, M., Black, S. E., Blennow, K., Fontoura, P., Klein, G., Assunção, S. S., Smith, J., & Doody, R. S.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas (US)
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG (CH)
- Brown University (US)
- Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (FR)
- Sunnybrook Health Science Centre (CA)
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital (SE)
- Roche (United States) (US)
- Roche (United Kingdom) (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Bateman, Randall J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Alzheimer's Research & Therapy
- Published
- 2022-11-29
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 178-178
- ISSN
- 1758-9193 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9707418
- OpenAlex
- W4310985942
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 29 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 3.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Alzheimer s Research & Therapy (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Digital Commons@Becker (Washington University School of Medicine) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Alzheimer's Association
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche
- Genentech
- National Institute on Aging (R21AG067559, R01AG053798, P20AG068053, U01AG042791, U19AG032438, R01AG046179, RF1AG061900, R01AG053267, U01AG059798, P30AG072959, R35AG071476, R01AG068319)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (P20GM109025)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS095773, U01NS093334)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Keywords
- gantenerumab, Alzheimer's disease, anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies, amyloid plaques, disease-modifying therapy, aducanumab, amyloid positivity, exposure-response modeling, blood-based biomarkers, subcutaneous formulation, drug development
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Amyloidosis, Humans, United States, Asymptomatic Diseases, Plaque, Amyloid, Amyloidogenic Proteins, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
