The Centiloid Project: standardizing quantitative amyloid plaque estimation by PET
Open accessAbstract
Although amyloid imaging with PiB‐PET ([C‐11]Pittsburgh Compound‐B positron emission tomography), and now with F‐18‐labeled tracers, has produced remarkably consistent qualitative findings across a large number of centers, there has been considerable variability in the exact numbers reported as quantitative outcome measures of tracer retention. In some cases this is as trivial as the choice of units, in some cases it is scanner dependent, and of course, different tracers yield different numbers. Our working group was formed to standardize quantitative amyloid imaging measures by scaling the outcome of each particular analysis method or tracer to a 0 to 100 scale, anchored by young controls (≤45 years) and typical Alzheimer's disease patients. The units of this scale have been named “Centiloids.” Basically, we describe a “standard” method of analyzing PiB PET data and then a method for scaling any “nonstandard” method of PiB PET analysis (or any other tracer) to the Centiloid scale.
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The Centiloid approach to standardizing amyloid positron emission tomography images from different manufacturers of scanners and radio tracers is a success in other fields.
“DHT developers in the FTD space can learn from successes in other fields, such as the Centiloid approach to standardizing amyloid positron emission tomography images from different manufacturers of scanners and radio tracers, as well as protecting the privacy of patients and risks associated with health data sharing. 79”
From Developing digital health technologies for frontotemporal degeneration (2025) · cites this paper as [79]
The Abstract describes the Centiloid approach as a way to standardize quantitative amyloid PET measures across analysis methods and tracers. But the Discussion presents its broader benefits as hoped-for and says substantial differences in scanner design and software were not investigated, so the paper does not establish successful standardization across different scanner manufacturers. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAmyloid PET processing was performed after a validated Centiloid pipeline.
“Amyloid PET processing was performed after a validated Centiloid pipeline27 using SPM12 (ref. 18).”
From Plasma p-tau231 and p-tau217 as state markers of amyloid-β pathology in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease (2022) · cites this paper as [27]
There is very little numerical difference in placebo versus treatment changes in CDR-SB and MMSE in the Emerge, Expedition and Trailblazer-Alz studies.
“In fact, there is very little numerical difference in the placebo versus treatment changes in CDR-SB and MMSE in the Emerge, Expedition and Trailblazer-Alz studies 113 .”
From The amyloid hypothesis in Alzheimer disease: new insights from new therapeutics (2022) · cites this paper as [113]
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The viral protein corona directs viral pathogenesis and amyloid aggregation
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“Amyloid PET is either assessed using visual rating assessment or through quanti fi cation methods using the standard update value ratio (SUVR) or the centiloid scale, the latter providing a common framework for assessing amyloid uptake whichever PET ligand is used [163].”
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Klunk, W. E., Koeppe, R. A., Price, J. C., Benzinger, T. L., Devous, M. D., Jagust, W. J., Johnson, K. A., Mathis, C. A., Minhas, D., Pontecorvo, M. J., Rowe, C. C., Skovronsky, D. M., & Mintun, M. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
- Avid Radiopharmaceuticals (United States) (US)
- Austin Hospital (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Klunk, William E.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Alzheimer's & Dementia
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-10-28
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1
- ISSN
- 1552-5260 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-5279
- PMC
- PMC4300247
- OpenAlex
- W2124030567
- Semantic Scholar
- 325aa110524553fd90a217bab307818055df746b
- Cited by
- 1,348
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 259 · 2025: 265 · 2024: 200 · 2023: 104 · 2022: 147 · 2021: 136 · 2020: 79 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 19.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Alzheimer s & Dementia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R37 AG025516, P01 AG025204, P50 AG005133, R01 AG034570, P01 AG026276, U19 AG032438)
- Avid Radiopharmaceuticals
- GE Healthcare
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- centiloid, amyloid PET quantification
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Amyloid, Aniline Compounds, Brain, Calibration, Humans, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Middle Aged, Thiazoles, Radiopharmaceuticals, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Positron-Emission Tomography, Plaque, Amyloid
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