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Exosome crosstalk between cancer stem cells and tumor microenvironment: cancer progression and therapeutic strategies
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a small yet pivotal subset of tumor cells endowed with self-renewal capabilities. These cells are intricately linked to tumor progression and are central to drug resistance, metastasis, and recurrence. The tumor microenvironment (TME) encompasses the cancer cells and their surrounding milieu, including immune and inflammatory cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, adjacent stromal tissues, tumor vasculature, and a variety of cytokines and chemokines. Within the TME, cells such as immune and inflammatory cells, endothelial cells, adipocytes, and fibroblasts release growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and exosomes, which can either sustain or disrupt CSCs, thereby influencing tumor progression. Conversely, CSCs can also secrete cytokines, chemokines, and exosomes, affecting various components of the TME. Exosomes, a subset of extracellular vesicles (EVs), carry a complex cargo of nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, playing a crucial role in the communication between CSCs and the TME. This review primarily focuses on the impact of exosomes secreted by CSCs (CSC-exo) on tumor progression, including their roles in maintaining stemness, promoting angiogenesis, facilitating metastasis, inducing immune suppression, and contributing to drug resistance. Additionally, we discuss how exosomes secreted by different cells within the TME affect CSCs. Finally, we explore the potential of utilizing exosomes to mitigate the detrimental effects of CSCs or to target and eliminate them. A thorough understanding of the exosome-mediated crosstalk between CSCs and the TME could provide valuable insights for developing targeted therapies against CSCs.
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“Studies have shown that tumor cell-derived exosomes can carry oncogenic substances that affect normal cell functions10.”
From Emerging role of exosomes in cancer therapy: progress and challenges (2025) · cites this paper as [10]
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“Furthermore, they can suppress host immune responses, helping tumor cells evade immune surveillance [10].”
From Emerging role of exosomes in cancer therapy: progress and challenges (2025) · cites this paper as [10]
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Mutations and mechanisms of WNT pathway tumour suppressors in cancer
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Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells in cancer therapy
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Emerging role of exosomes in cancer therapy: progress and challenges
Li, J., Wang, J., & Chen, Z. (2025) · Molecular Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12943-024-02215-4 · Cited by 297
Metadata
- Authors
- Li, Q., He, G., Yu, Y., Li, X., Peng, X., & Yang, L.
- Venue
- Stem Cell Research & Therapy
- Published
- 2024-11-22
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 1757-6512
- PMC
- PMC11583673
- Cited by
- 64
- References
- 6
- Language
- en
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (82372919, 82003040, 82303373)
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2021M703602)
- Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (2022-BS-137)
- Scientific Research Fund of Liaoning Provincial Education Department (LJKMZ20221210, LJ212410159099, LJ212410159084)
- Shenyang Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology (22-321-31-02)
- Shenyang Young and Middle-aged Science and Technology Innovation Talent Support Program (RC220032, RC230600)
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