CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 57Microbial infections and disease researchAnimal health and immunologyUltrasound in Clinical Applications

Association between clinical respiratory signs, lung lesions detected by thoracic ultrasonography and growth performance in pre‐weaned dairy calves

Open access
Cuevas-Gómez, Inmaculada, McGee, Mark, Sánchez, José María, O’Riordan, Edward, Byrne, Nicky, McDaneld, Tara, Earley, Bernadette·2021·Irish Veterinary Journal
DOI 10.1186/s13620-021-00187-1PMC PMC7992334
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Background: Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the main cause of mortality among 1-to-5 month old calves in Ireland, accounting for approximately one-third of deaths. Despite widespread use of clinical respiratory signs for diagnosing BRD, lung lesions are detected, using thoracic ultrasonography (TUS) or following post-mortem, in calves showing no clinical signs. This highlights the limitation of clinical respiratory signs as a method of detecting sub-clinical BRD. Using 53 purchased artificially-reared male dairy calves, the objectives of this study were to: (i) characterise the BRD incidence detected by clinical respiratory signs and/or TUS, (ii) investigate the association between clinical respiratory signs and lung lesions detected by TUS, and (iii) assess the effect of BRD on pre-weaning growth. Results: Clinical BRD (based on Wisconsin clinical respiratory score and/or rectal temperature > 39.6 ºC) was detected in 43 % and sonographic changes (lung lesions) were detected in 64 % of calves from purchase (23 (SD; 6.2) days of age) until weaning, 53 days post-arrival. Calves with clinical BRD were treated. Sixty-one per cent calves affected with clinical BRD had lung lesions 10.5 days (median) before detection of clinical signs. Moderate correlations ( r sp 0.70; P < 0.05) were found between cough and severe lung lesions on arrival day, and between rectal temperature > 39.6 ºC and lung lesions ≥ 2 cm 2 on day 7 ( r sp 0.40; P < 0.05) post-arrival. Mean average daily live weight gain (ADG) of calves from purchase to weaning was 0.75 (SD; 0.10) kg; calves with or without clinical BRD did not differ in ADG ( P > 0.05), whereas ADG of those with severe lung lesions (lung lobe completely consolidated or pulmonary emphysema) was 0.12 kg/d less ( P < 0.05) than calves without lung lesions. Conclusions: Thoracic ultrasonography detected lung consolidation in calves that did not show signs of respiratory disease. The presence of severe lung lesions was associated with reduced pre-weaning growth. These findings emphasise the importance of using TUS in addition to clinical respiratory scoring of calves for an early and accurate detection of clinical and sub-clinical BRD.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1186/s13620-021-00187-1

Cites

3 of 3 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 25

  1. [1]McGuirk SM Disease management of dairy calves and heifers Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2008 24 1 139 10.1016/j.cvfa.2007.10.003 18299036 PMC7135781 · DOI · Paper page
  2. [2]Todd CG McGee M Tiernan K Crosson P O’Riordan E McClure J An observational study on passive immunity in Irish suckler beef and dairy calves: Tests for failure of passive transfer of immunity and associations with health and performance Prev Vet Med 2018 159 182 95 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2018.07.014 30314781 · DOI
  3. [4]Dubrovsky SA Van Eenennaam AL Aly SS Karle BM Rossitto PV Overton MW Preweaning cost of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and cost-benefit of implementation of preventative measures in calves on California dairies: The BRD 10K study J Dairy Sci 2020 103 2 1583 97 10.3168/jds.2018-15501 31759608 · DOI
  4. [5]Delabouglise A James A Valarcher JF Hagglünd S Raboisson D Rushton J Linking disease epidemiology and livestock productivity: The case of bovine respiratory disease in France PLoS One 2017 12 12 e0189090 10.1371/journal.pone.0189090 29206855 PMC5716546 · DOI
  5. [6]Pardon B Hostens M Duchateau L Dewulf J De Bleecker K Deprez P Impact of respiratory disease, diarrhea, otitis and arthritis on mortality and carcass traits in white veal calves BMC Vet Res 2013 9 79 10.1186/1746-6148-9-79 23587206 PMC3639957 · DOI · Paper page
  6. [9]McGuirk SM Peek SF Timely diagnosis of dairy calf respiratory disease using a standardized scoring system Anim Health Res Rev 2014 15 2 145 7 10.1017/S1466252314000267 25410122 · DOI · Paper page
  7. [10]Leruste H Brscic M Heutinck LF Visser EK Wolthuis-Fillerup M Bokkers EA The relationship between clinical signs of respiratory system disorders and lung lesions at slaughter in veal calves Prev Vet Med 2012 105 1–2 93 100 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2012.01.015 22326046 · DOI
  8. [11]Cramer MC Ollivett TL Growth of preweaned, group-housed dairy calves diagnosed with respiratory disease using clinical respiratory scoring and thoracic ultrasound-A cohort study J Dairy Sci 2019 102 5 4322 31 10.3168/jds.2018-15420 30827549 · DOI · Paper page
  9. [13]Buczinski S L Ollivett T Dendukuri N Bayesian estimation of the accuracy of the calf respiratory scoring chart and ultrasonography for the diagnosis of bovine respiratory disease in pre-weaned dairy calves Prev Vet Med 2015 119 3–4 227 31 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.02.018 25794838 · DOI · Paper page
  10. [14]Tejero C Bach A The hidden cost of a hidden disease: growth performance of calves as affected by bovine respiratory disease diagnosed using ultrasonography J Anim Sci 2016 94 48 10.2527/jam2016-0104 · DOI
  11. [15]Conneely M Berry DP Murphy JP Lorenz I Doherty ML Kennedy E Effects of milk feeding volume and frequency on body weight and health of dairy heifers calves Livestock Science 2014 161 90 4 10.1016/j.livsci.2013.12.022 · DOI
  12. [16]Johnston D Kenny DA McGee M Waters SM Kelly AK Earley B Electronic feeding behavioural data as indicators of health status in dairy calves Irish J Agr Food Res 2016 55 159 68 10.1515/ijafr-2016-0016 · DOI
  13. [17]Murray GM More SJ Clegg TA Earley B O’Neill RG Johnston D Risk factors associated with exposure to bovine respiratory disease pathogens during the peri-weaning period in dairy bull calves BMC Vet Res 2018 14 1 53 10.1186/s12917-018-1372-9 29482563 PMC5828089 · DOI
  14. [18]Stanton AL Kelton DF LeBlanc SJ Wormuth J Leslie KE The effect of respiratory disease and a preventative antibiotic treatment on growth, survival, age at first calving, and milk production of dairy heifers J Dairy Sci 2012 95 9 4950 60 10.3168/jds.2011-5067 22916899 · DOI · Paper page
  15. [19]Quick AE Ollivett TL Kirkpatrick BW Weigel KA Genomic analysis of bovine respiratory disease and lung consolidation in preweaned Holstein calves using clinical scoring and lung ultrasound J Dairy Sci 2020 103 2 1632 41 10.3168/jds.2019-16531 31759603 · DOI
  16. [20]Earley B Buckham Sporer K Gupta S Invited review: Relationship between cattle transport, immunity and respiratory disease Animal 2017 11 3 486 92 10.1017/S1751731116001622 28209213 · DOI · Paper page
  17. [21]Herriges M Morrisey EE Lung development: orchestrating the generation and regeneration of a complex organ Development 2014 141 3 502 13 10.1242/dev.098186 24449833 PMC3899811 · DOI · Paper page
  18. [22]Zacharias WJ Frank DB Zepp JA Morley MP Alkhaleel FA Kong J Regeneration of the lung alveolus by an evolutionarily conserved epithelial progenitor Nature 2018 555 7695 251 5 10.1038/nature25786 29489752 PMC6020060 · DOI
  19. [23]Duff GC Galyean ML Board-invited review: recent advances in management of highly stressed, newly received feedlot cattle J Anim Sci 2007 85 3 823 40 10.2527/jas.2006-501 17085724 PMC7109667 · DOI
  20. [24]Sanderson MW Dargatz DA Wagner BA Risk factors for initial respiratory disease in United States’ feedlots based on producer-collected daily morbidity counts Can Vet J 2008 49 373 8 18481546 PMC2275341
  21. [25]Cuevas-Gómez I, McGee M, McCabe M, Cormican P, O’Riordan E, McDaneld T, et al. Growth performance and haematological changes of weaned beef calves diagnosed with respiratory disease using respiratory scoring and thoracic ultrasonography. J Anim Sci. 2020;98(11). PMC7694598 33095858
  22. [26]Ollivett TL Leslie KE Duffield TF Nydam DV Hewson J Caswell J Field trial to evaluate the effect of an intranasal respiratory vaccine protocol on calf health, ultrasonographic lung consolidation, and growth in Holstein dairy calves J Dairy Sci 2018 101 9 8159 68 10.3168/jds.2017-14271 29908805 · DOI
  23. [27]Blakebrough-Hall C, McMeniman JP, González LA. An evaluation of the economic effects of bovine respiratory disease on animal performance, carcass traits, and economic outcomes in feedlot cattle defined using four BRD diagnosis methods. J Anim Sci. 2020;98(2). PMC6996507 31930299
  24. [28]Earley B Arguello A O’Riordan E Crosson P McGee M Quantifying antimicrobial drug usage from birth to 6 months of age in artificially reared dairy calves and in suckler beef calves J Appl Anim Res 2019 47 474 85 10.1080/09712119.2019.1665525 · DOI
  25. [29]Hussein HA Binici C Staufenbiel R Comparative evaluation of ultrasonography with clinical respiratory score in diagnosis and prognosis of respiratory diseases in weaned dairy buffalo and cattle calves J Anim Sci Technol 2018 60 29 10.1186/s40781-018-0187-3 30524751 PMC6276192 · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Cuevas-Gómez, I., McGee, M., Sánchez, J. M., O’Riordan, E., Byrne, N., McDaneld, T., & Earley, B.
Affiliations
  • Teagasc - The Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority (IE)
  • Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (US)
Corresponding author
Earley, Bernadette
ORCID
Venue
Irish Veterinary Journal
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2021-03-25
Volume
74
Issue
1
Pages
7-7
ISSN
  • 0368-0762 (ISSN-L)
  • 2046-0481
DOI
10.1186/s13620-021-00187-1
PMC
PMC7992334
OpenAlex
W3136682095
Cited by
57
References
3
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2012: 1
FWCI
5.65
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Irish Veterinary Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology) (acceptedVersion)
  • Lincoln (University of Nebraska) (submittedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • T-Stór (Teagasc) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
Funders
Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine (2018US-IRL200)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Microbial infections and disease research
  • Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal health and immunology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Ultrasound in Clinical Applications
Keywords
bovine respiratory disease, dairy calves, thoracic ultrasound, lung lesions, subclinical disease, growth performance, average daily gain, lung consolidation, emphysema, pre-weaning mortality, early detection of disease, rectal temperature, cough, calf health management, cost-effectiveness

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review