The effect of lung consolidation, as determined by ultrasonography, on first-lactation milk production in Holstein dairy calves

Dunn, T.R.; Ollivett, T.L.; Renaud, D.L.; Leslie, K.E.; LeBlanc, S.J.; Duffield, T.F.; Kelton, D.F.

doi:10.3168/jds.2017-13870

Cited by 102Animal health and immunologyMicrobial infections and disease researchReproductive Physiology in Livestock

The effect of lung consolidation, as determined by ultrasonography, on first-lactation milk production in Holstein dairy calves

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Dunn, T.R., Ollivett, T.L., Renaud, D.L., Leslie, K.E., LeBlanc, S.J., Duffield, T.F., Kelton, D.F.·2018·Journal of Dairy Science

DOI 10.3168/jds.2017-13870

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Abstract

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a complex disease process and many reports emphasize the negative implications of clinical BRD in dairy calves. Early diagnosis can be difficult because of inconsistent or absent clinical signs; however, the use thoracic ultrasonography has the potential to improve detection of respiratory disease. Earlier detection of BRD may result in actions to improve calf welfare and production. The objective of this prospective cohort study was to determine if lung consolidation (LC) in young dairy calves influenced age at first calving (AFC), first-lactation milk production, and survival to the end of first lactation. A total of 215 female calves from 3 dairy herds in southwestern Ontario were enrolled and assessed weekly during their first 8 wk of life for evidence of LC using thoracic ultrasonography (Ibex Pro, Loveland, CO). Consolidation was measured, using gridlines on the screen of the ultrasound, in the first 10 intercostal spaces on both sides of the thorax. Calves were considered LC positive if ≥3 cm of consolidated lung was present. Multivariable linear regression models were used to identify risk factors associated with AFC and first-lactation 305-d milk production. A survival analysis was conducted to determine differences in survival from enrolment until the end of first lactation between calves with and without consolidation. In the study population, the following calfhood conditions were detected: twins (4%; n = 8), diarrhea in the first 21 d of life (31%; n = 66), rib fractures (7%; n = 14), lung abscesses (3%; n = 6), and at least one diagnosis of LC (57%; n = 123). Overall, 7% (n = 15) of calves died, and 18% (n = 38) of animals were sold before the end of first lactation. The presence of LC, at least once in the first 8 wk of life, did not influence AFC, but did result in a 525 kg (95% confidence interval: -992.81 to -60.25) decrease in first-lactation 305-d milk production. No difference in survival was detected between LC groups. These results indicate that LC during the first 56 d of life has a long-term effect on dairy calves, manifested as reduced milk production during first lactation.

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TUS is limited by its inability to image the lung parenchyma above the heart in large beef calves due to their substantial size and muscle mass.
“Nevertheless, the technique is limited by its inability to image the lung parenchyma above the heart in large beef calves due to their substantial size and muscle mass.”
From Strategies for Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) Diagnosis and Prognosis: A Comprehensive Overview (2024) · cites this paper as [149]
The Ultrasonography and Health Data Collection section describes scanning Holstein dairy calves, including probe placement to view lung near the forelimb, but does not describe an inability to image lung above the heart. Searches for large beef calves, muscle mass, and this imaging limitation found no passage addressing the claim. Page numbers were unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.73)
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Distinguishing between active, treatable lung lesions and those resulting from prior, treatment-resistant conditions remains a significant challenge.
“Distinguishing between active, treatable lung lesions and those resulting from prior, treatment-resistant conditions remains a significant challenge [30,148,149,150].”
From Strategies for Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) Diagnosis and Prognosis: A Comprehensive Overview (2024) · cites this paper as [149]
The Discussion (page unavailable) says there is no gold standard for diagnosing respiratory disease and that little is known about effective treatments for lung consolidation. It does not address whether clinicians can distinguish active, treatable lesions from lesions left by prior, treatment-resistant conditions; searches for that distinction found no passage in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.72)
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Effect of ultrasonographic lung consolidation on health and growth in dairy calves: A longitudinal study
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Determination of the dynamics of respiratory diseases using thoracic ultrasonographic examination in preweaned dairy calves.
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Authors: Dunn, T. R., Ollivett, T. L., Renaud, D. L., Leslie, K. E., LeBlanc, S. J., Duffield, T. F., & Kelton, D. F.
Affiliations: University of Guelph (CA)
University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
Corresponding author: Kelton, D.F.
ORCID: Ollivett, T.L.
Renaud, D.L.
Leslie, K.E.
LeBlanc, S.J.
Duffield, T.F.
Kelton, D.F.
Venue: Journal of Dairy Science
Publisher: American Dairy Science Association
Published: 2018-06
Volume: 101
Issue: 6
Pages: 5404-5410
ISSN: 0022-0302 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13870
OpenAlex: W2791519741
Cited by: 102
References: 13
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 4
FWCI: 12.86
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 365 d)
Locations: Journal of Dairy Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Zoetis
Topics: Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal health and immunology
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Microbial infections and disease research
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Reproductive Physiology in Livestock
Keywords: lung consolidation, bovine respiratory disease, dairy calves, thoracic ultrasound, age at first calving, calf survival, Holstein cows, calf welfare
MeSH terms: Animals, Cattle, Cattle Diseases, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Lactation, Lung Diseases, Milk, Ontario, Pregnancy, Prospective Studies, Respiratory Tract Diseases, Thorax, Ultrasonography, Cohort Studies

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The effect of lung consolidation, as determined by ultrasonography, on first-lactation milk production in Holstein dairy calves

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