Smart radio environments empowered by reconfigurable AI meta-surfaces: an idea whose time has come
Open accessAbstract
Future wireless networks are expected to constitute a distributed intelligent wireless communications, sensing, and computing platform, which will have the challenging requirement of interconnecting the physical and digital worlds in a seamless and sustainable manner. Currently, two main factors prevent wireless network operators from building such networks: (1) the lack of control of the wireless environment, whose impact on the radio waves cannot be customized, and (2) the current operation of wireless radios, which consume a lot of power because new signals are generated whenever data has to be transmitted. In this paper, we challenge the usual “more data needs more power and emission of radio waves” status quo, and motivate that future wireless networks necessitate a smart radio environment: a transformative wireless concept, where the environmental objects are coated with artificial thin films of electromagnetic and reconfigurable material (that are referred to as reconfigurable intelligent meta-surfaces), which are capable of sensing the environment and of applying customized transformations to the radio waves. Smart radio environments have the potential to provide future wireless networks with uninterrupted wireless connectivity, and with the capability of transmitting data without generating new signals but recycling existing radio waves. We will discuss, in particular, two major types of reconfigurable intelligent meta-surfaces applied to wireless networks. The first type of meta-surfaces will be embedded into, e.g., walls, and will be directly controlled by the wireless network operators via a software controller in order to shape the radio waves for, e.g., improving the network coverage. The second type of meta-surfaces will be embedded into objects, e.g., smart t-shirts with sensors for health monitoring, and will backscatter the radio waves generated by cellular base stations in order to report their sensed data to mobile phones. These functionalities will enable wireless network operators to offer new services without the emission of additional radio waves, but by recycling those already existing for other purposes. This paper overviews the current research efforts on smart radio environments, the enabling technologies to realize them in practice, the need of new communication-theoretic models for their analysis and design, and the long-term and open research issues to be solved towards their massive deployment. In a nutshell, this paper is focused on discussing how the availability of reconfigurable intelligent meta-surfaces will allow wireless network operators to redesign common and well-known network communication paradigms.
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Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces are designed to sense the wireless environment and apply customised transformations to radio waves adaptively.
“Latest works have defined and justified the conception of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, which are designed to sense the wireless environment and apply customised transformations to the radio waves in an adaptive manner [30], [70].”
From What should 6G be? (2020) · cites this paper as [30]
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A Tractable Closed-Form Expression of the Coverage Probability in Poisson Cellular Networks
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Coverage Analysis in Millimeter Wave Cellular Networks with Reflections
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Spectral-Energy Efficiency Pareto Front in Cellular Networks: A Stochastic Geometry Framework
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Self-citationFog Radio Access Networks: Ginibre Point Process Modeling and Analysis
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An Analytical Framework for Modeling a Spatially Repulsive Cellular Network
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STORNS: Stochastic Radio Access Network Slicing
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Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Wireless Communications Through Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces
Basar, E., Di Renzo, M., De Rosny, J., Debbah, M., Alouini, M.-S., & Zhang, R. (2019) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2019.2935192 · Cited by 3,394 · see citing works
Self-citationDang, S., Amin, O., Shihada, B., & Alouini, M.-S. (2020) · Nature Electronics · doi:10.1038/s41928-019-0355-6 · Cited by 1,790 · see citing works
Self-citationToward Smart Wireless Communications via Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces: A Contemporary Survey
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Liu, P., & Chen, Z. N. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation · doi:10.1109/tap.2023.3263929 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
- Authors
- Renzo, M. D., Debbah, M., Phan-Huy, D.-T., Zappone, A., Alouini, M.-S., Yuen, C., Sciancalepore, V., Alexandropoulos, G. C., Hoydis, J., Gacanin, H., Rosny, J. D., Bounceur, A., Lerosey, G., & Fink, M.
- Affiliations
- Université Paris-Sud (FR)
- Huawei Technologies (France) (FR)
- Orange (France) (FR)
- Laboratoire des signaux et systèmes (FR)
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (SA)
- Singapore University of Technology and Design (SG)
- NEC (Germany) (DE)
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR)
- Nokia (France) (FR)
- Nokia (Belgium) (BE)
- Institut Langevin (FR)
- Greenerwave (France) (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Renzo, Marco Di
- ORCID
- Venue
- EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking
- Published
- 2019-05-23
- Volume
- 2019
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 1687-1472 (ISSN-L)
- 1687-1499
- OpenAlex
- W2963121727
- Cited by
- 1,717
- References
- 156
- Citations by year
- 2026: 75 · 2025: 151 · 2024: 196 · 2023: 272 · 2022: 320 · 2021: 365 · 2020: 290 · 2019: 47 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 91.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi di Cassino (submittedVersion)
- RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Repository (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks
- Keywords
- smart radio environments, wireless sensing, backscatter communication, network coverage, health monitoring, wireless networks, energy efficiency
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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