A severe case of refractory esophageal stenosis induced by nivolumab and responding to tocilizumab therapy
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of esophageal stenosis caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors in the context of induced immune mucositis and esophagitis is extremely rare. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a patient with stage IV pulmonary adenocarcinoma treated for 6 months with nivolumab who developed bilateral sterile conjunctivitis followed by oropharyngeal mucositis and esophagitis complicated by a severe esophageal stenosis. The laryngeal margin and hypopharyngeal mucosa appeared highly inflammatory with fibrinous deposits. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed mucositis with a scar-like structure immediately below the upper esophageal sphincter with nonulcerative mucosa and an inflammatory aspect of the entire esophagus. No involvement of the stomach was observed. Oropharynx biopsies displayed marked lymphocytic T cell-infiltration with several foci of monocellular necrosis in the squamous epithelium. No morphologic evidence of adenocarcinoma and no signs of mycotic, bacterial or viral infection were noted. A blood sample revealed a discrete increase in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) with no eosinophilia or leukocytosis. Liver and kidney function panel tests were normal. A thoracoabdominal CT scan reported no evidence of disease recurrence. Despite multiple boluses of methylprednisolone and high doses of prednisone continued for several months, the patient experienced very rapid symptomatological reappearance during three steroid tapering attempts and aggravation of his esophageal stenosis to an aphagic stage, requiring a nasogastric tube. This long course of high-dose corticosteroid treatment was complicated with osteoporosis-induced fractures with several spontaneous compressions of thoracolumbar vertebrae requiring an enlarged T10 to L5 cementoplasty. Anti-IL-6 blockade therapy with tocilizumab resulted in excellent clinical response, allowing the total resolution of the immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and leading to successful steroid tapering. CONCLUSIONS: Herein, we describe the first case of a patient who developed autoimmune mucositis and esophagitis complicated by a severe refractory esophageal stenosis induced during treatment by nivolumab, which completely resolved after personalized treatment with tocilizumab, suggesting a role of IL-6 blockade in the management of severe steroid refractory esophageal stenosis and more broadly in refractory immune-related adverse events.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
IL-6 is a major acute inflammatory phase mediator with pro-tumorigenic properties.
“Interestingly, IL-6 is a major acute inflammatory phase mediator with pro-tumorigenic properties.49,50”
From Autoimmune diseases and immune-checkpoint inhibitors for cancer therapy: Review of the literature and personalized risk-based prevention strategy (2020) · cites this paper as [49]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
PD-1 and PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint Blockade to Treat Breast Cancer
Hartkopf, A. D., Taran, F., Wallwiener, M., Walter, C. B., Krämer, B., Grischke, E., & Brucker, S. Y. (2016) · Breast Care · doi:10.1159/000453569 · Cited by 30,989 · see citing works
Adverse Renal Effects of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Narrative Review
Wanchoo, R., Karam, S., Uppal, N. N., Barta, V. S., Deray, G., Devoe, C., Launay‐Vacher, V., Jhaveri, K. D., & on behalf of Cancer and Kidney International Network Workgroup on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (2017) · American Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.1159/000455014 · Cited by 15,314 · see citing works
Improved Survival with Ipilimumab in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma
Hodi, F. S., O'Day, S. J., McDermott, D. F., Weber, R. W., Sosman, J. A., Haanen, J. B., Gonzalez, R., Robert, C., Schadendorf, D., Hassel, J. C., et al. (2010) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1003466 · Cited by 15,155 · see citing works
Nivolumab versus docetaxel in advanced nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer
Borghaei, H., Paz-Ares, L., Horn, L., Spigel, D. R., Steins, M., Ready, N. E., Chow, L. Q., Vokes, E. E., Felip, E., Holgado, E., et al. (2015) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1507643 · Cited by 9,335 · see citing works
Bettelli, E., Carrier, Y., Gao, W., Korn, T., Strom, T. B., Oukka, M., Weiner, H. L., & Kuchroo, V. K. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04753 · Cited by 6,992 · see citing works
PD-1 blockade induces responses by inhibiting adaptive immune resistance
Tumeh, P. C., Harview, C. L., Yearley, J. H., Shintaku, I. P., Taylor, E. J. M., Robert, L., Chmielowski, B., Spasic, M., Henry, G., Ciobanu, V., et al. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13954 · Cited by 6,609 · see citing works
Nivolumab versus Everolimus in Advanced Renal-Cell Carcinoma
Motzer, R. J., Escudier, B., McDermott, D. F., George, S., Hammers, H. J., Srinivas, S., Tykodi, S. S., Sosman, J. A., Procopio, G., Plimack, E. R., et al. (2015) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1510665 · Cited by 5,807 · see citing works
Immune-Related Adverse Events Associated with Immune Checkpoint Blockade
Postow, M. A., Sidlow, R., & Hellmann, M. D. (2018) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra1703481 · Cited by 4,849 · see citing works
Topalian, S. L., Sznol, M., McDermott, D. F., Kluger, H. M., Carvajal, R. D., Sharfman, W. H., Brahmer, J. R., Lawrence, D. P., Atkins, M. B., Powderly, J. D., et al. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2013.53.0105 · Cited by 2,222 · see citing works
Chronic inflammation and cytokines in the tumor microenvironment
Landskron, G., De la Fuente, M., Thuwajit, P., Thuwajit, C., & Hermoso, M. A. (2014) · Journal of Immunology Research · doi:10.1155/2014/149185 · Cited by 1,765 · see citing works
Atarashi, K., Suda, W., Luo, C., Kawaguchi, T., Motoo, I., Narushima, S., Kiguchi, Y., Yasuma, K., Watanabe, E., Tanoue, T., et al. (2017) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aan4526 · Cited by 957 · see citing works
Okazaki, T., Chikuma, S., Iwai, Y., Fagarasan, S., & Honjo, T. (2013) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.2762 · Cited by 915 · see citing works
Management of immune checkpoint blockade dysimmune toxicities: a collaborative position paper
Champiat, S., Lambotte, O., Barreau, E., Belkhir, R., Berdelou, A., Carbonnel, F., Cauquil, C., Chanson, P., Collins, M., Durrbach, A., et al. (2016) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mdv623 · Cited by 903 · see citing works
Freeman-Keller, M., Kim, Y., Cronin, H., Richards, A., Gibney, G., & Weber, J. S. (2016) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1136 · Cited by 863 · see citing works
The two faces of IL-6 in the tumor microenvironment
Fisher, D. T., Appenheimer, M. M., & Evans, S. S. (2014) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2014.01.008 · Cited by 693 · see citing works
Mace, T. A., Shakya, R., Pitarresi, J. R., Swanson, B. J., McQuinn, C. W., Loftus, S. N., Nordquist, E., Cruz‐Monserrate, Z., Yu, L., Young, G. S., et al. (2016) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2016-311585 · Cited by 535 · see citing works
Zaura, E., Brandt, B. W., de Mattos, M. J. T., Buijs, M. J., Caspers, M. P. M., Rashid, M.-U., Weintraub, A., Nord, C. E., Savell, A., Hu, Y., et al. (2015) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.01693-15 · Cited by 449 · see citing works
Ramesh, R., Kozhaya, L., McKevitt, K., Djuretic, I. M., Carlson, T. J., Quintero, M. A., McCauley, J. L., Abreu, M. T., Unutmaz, D., & Sundrud, M. S. (2014) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20130301 · Cited by 435 · see citing works
Tocilizumab for the management of immune mediated adverse events secondary to PD-1 blockade
Stroud, C. R., Hegde, A., Cherry, C., Naqash, A. R., Sharma, N., Addepalli, S., Cherukuri, S., Parent, T., Hardin, J., & Walker, P. (2019) · Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice · doi:10.1177/1078155217745144 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Tsukamoto, H., Fujieda, K., Miyashita, A., Fukushima, S., Ikeda, T., Kubo, Y., Senju, S., Ihn, H., Nishimura, Y., & Oshiumi, H. (2018) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0118 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Lippitz, B. E., & Harris, R. A. (2016) · OncoImmunology · doi:10.1080/2162402x.2015.1093722 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Hall, M. W., Singh, N., Ng, K. F., Lam, D. K., Goldberg, M. B., Tenenbaum, H. C., Neufeld, J. D., G. Beiko, R., & Senadheera, D. B. (2017) · npj Biofilms and Microbiomes · doi:10.1038/s41522-016-0011-0 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
New therapeutic perspectives to manage refractory immune checkpoint-related toxicities
Martins, F., Sykiotis, G. P., Maillard, M. H., Fraga, M. C., Ribi, C., Küntzer, T., Michielin, O. A., Peters, S., Coukos, G., Spertini, F., et al. (2019) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(18)30828-3 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Self-citationHopkins, A. M., Rowland, A., Kichenadasse, G., Wiese, M. D., Gurney, H., McKinnon, R. A., Karapetis, C. S., & Sorich, M. J. (2017) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/bjc.2017.274 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Biomarkers associated with checkpoint inhibitors
Manson, G., Norwood, J., Marabelle, A., Kohrt, H. E. K., & Houot, R. (2016) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mdw181 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Gowen, M. F., Giles, K. M., Simpson, D., Tchack, J., Zhou, H., Moran, U., Dawood, Z., Pavlick, A. C., Hu, S., Wilson, M. A., et al. (2018) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-018-1452-4 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Severe Esophagitis and Gastritis from Nivolumab Therapy
Boike, J. R., & DeJulio, T. J. (2017) · ACG Case Reports Journal · doi:10.14309/crj.2017.57 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Ohno, Y., Toyoshima, Y., Yurino, H., Monma, N., Xiang, H., Sumida, K., Kaneumi, S., Terada, S., Hashimoto, S., Ikeo, K., et al. (2017) · Cancer Science · doi:10.1111/cas.13330 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Brand, F. Z. A., Suter, N., Adam, J., Faulques, B., Maietta, A., Soulières, D., & Blais, N. (2018) · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer · doi:10.1186/s40425-018-0332-z · Cited by 64 · see citing works
A severe case of neuro-Sjögren’s syndrome induced by pembrolizumab
Ghosn, J., Vicino, A., Michielin, O. A., Coukos, G., Küntzer, T., & Obéid, M. (2018) · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer · doi:10.1186/s40425-018-0429-4 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Causes of Dysphagia in Carcinoma of the Lung
Camidge, D. R. (2001) · Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/014107680109401104 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Response to Pembrolizumab in a Patient with Relapsing Thymoma
Zander, T., Aebi, S. P., Rast, A. C., Zander, A., Winterhalder, R., Brand, C. U., Diebold, J., & Gautschi, O. P. (2016) · Journal of Thoracic Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.jtho.2016.07.018 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Stroud, C. R. G., Hegde, A. M., Naqash, A. R., Cherry, C. R., Parent, T., Hardin, J., & Walker, P. R. (2017) · Journal of Thoracic Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.017 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Adverse effects of immune-checkpoint inhibitors: epidemiology, management and surveillance
Martins, F., Sofiya, L., Sykiotis, G. P., Lamine, F., Maillard, M., Fraga, M., Shabafrouz, K., Ribi, C., Cairoli, A., Guex-Crosier, Y., et al. (2019) · Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1038/s41571-019-0218-0 · Cited by 2,314 · see citing works
Self-citationImmune-related adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors: a review
Yin, Q., Wu, L., Han, L., Zheng, X., Tong, R., Li, L., Bai, L., & Bian, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1167975 · Cited by 466 · see citing works
Immune-related toxicities of checkpoint inhibitors: mechanisms and mitigation strategies
Sullivan, R. J., & Weber, J. S. (2021) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41573-021-00259-5 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Laino, A. S., Woods, D. M., Vassallo, M., Qian, X., Tang, H., Wind‐Rotolo, M., & Weber, J. S. (2020) · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer · doi:10.1136/jitc-2020-000842 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Haanen, J., Ernstoff, M. S., Wang, Y., Menzies, A. M., Puzanov, I., Grivas, P., Larkin, J., Peters, S., Thompson, J. A., & Obeid, M. (2020) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.annonc.2020.03.285 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Controversies About COVID-19 and Anticancer Treatment with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Bersanelli, M. (2020) · Immunotherapy · doi:10.2217/imt-2020-0067 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Haanen, J. B. A. G., Ernstoff, M. S., Wang, Y., Menzies, A. M., Puzanov, I. J., Grivas, P. D., Larkin, J., Peters, S., Thompson, J. A., & Obéid, M. (2020) · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer · doi:10.1136/jitc-2020-000604 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Predicting and Preventing Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Toxicity: Targeting Cytokines
Kang, J. H., Bluestone, J. A., & Young, A. (2021) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2021.02.006 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Campochiaro, C., Farina, N., Tomelleri, A., Ferrara, R., Lazzari, C., Luca, G. D. D., Bulotta, A., Signorelli, D., Palmisano, A., Vignale, D., et al. (2021) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2021.07.016 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Ke, W., Zhang, L., & Dai, Y. (2020) · Thoracic Cancer · doi:10.1111/1759-7714.13341 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Tocilizumab for refractory severe immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis
Doms, J., Prior, J. O., Peters, S., & Obéid, M. (2020) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.annonc.2020.05.005 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
SARS, MERS and COVID-19: clinical manifestations and organ-system complications: a mini review
Harb, J. G., Noureldine, H. A., Chedid, G., Eldine, M. N., Abdallah, D. A., Chedid, N. F., & Nour‐Eldine, W. (2020) · Pathogens and Disease · doi:10.1093/femspd/ftaa033 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Ocular Immune-Related Adverse Events Associated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Lung Cancer
Zhou, L., & Wei, X. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.701951 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Ocular adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors, a scoping review
Martens, A., Schauwvlieghe, P., Madoe, A., Casteels, I., & Aspeslagh, S. (2023) · Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection · doi:10.1186/s12348-022-00321-2 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Patil, P. A., & Zhang, X. (2020) · Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.5858/arpa.2020-0070-ra · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Management of the Adverse Effects of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Morgado, M., Plácido, A. I., Morgado, S., & Roque, F. (2020) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines8040575 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Moi, L., Bouchaab, H., Mederos, N., Nguyen‐Ngoc, T., Perreau, M., Fenwick, C. W., Vaucher, J., Sempoux, C. L., Peters, S., & Obéid, M. (2020) · Journal of Thoracic Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.jtho.2020.09.007 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Tanaka, R., Ichimura, Y., Kubota, N., Saito, A., Nakamura, Y., Ishitsuka, Y., Watanabe, R., Fujisawa, Y., Kanzaki, M., Mizuno, S., et al. (2020) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-020-01308-2 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Taylor, J., Gandhi, A., Gray, E. S., & Zaenker, P. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.991433 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Shatila, M., Zhang, H. C., Thomas, A. S., Machado, A. P., Naz, S., Mittal, N., Catinis, C., Varatharajalu, K., Cruz, C. C., Lu, E., et al. (2024) · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer · doi:10.1136/jitc-2024-009742 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Zhou, Y., Wang, Y., Xia, R.-L., Liu, J., & Ma, X. (2022) · International Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.18240/ijo.2022.04.19 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Dual IL-6 and CTLA-4 blockade regresses pancreatic tumors in a T cell– and CXCR3-dependent manner
Ware, M. B., Phillips, M., McQuinn, C. W., Zaidi, M. Y., Knochelmann, H. M., Greene, E. R., Robinson, B. S., Herting, C. J., Mace, T. A., Chen, Z., et al. (2023) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.155006 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Uncoupling Therapeutic Efficacy from Immune-Related Adverse Events in Immune Checkpoint Blockade
Hu, W., Wang, G., Wang, Y., Riese, M. J., & You, M. (2020) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2020.101580 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Panneerselvam, K., Amin, R. N., Wei, D., Tan, D., Lum, P. J., Zhang, H. C., Richards, D. M., Altan, M., Grivas, P. D., Thompson, J. A., et al. (2021) · Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network · doi:10.6004/jnccn.2020.7675 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Petit, P., Daoudlarian, D., Latifyan, S., Bouchaab, H., Mederos, N., Doms, J., Abdelhamid, K., Ferahta, N., Mencarelli, L., Joo, V., et al. (2024) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.annonc.2024.08.2340 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Jacob, J. S., Dutra, B. E., Garcia‐Rodriguez, V., Panneerselvam, K., Abraham, F. O., Zou, F., Ma, W., Grivas, P. D., Thompson, J. A., Altan, M., et al. (2021) · Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network · doi:10.6004/jnccn.2020.7697 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Future perspective: biologic agents in patients with severe COVID-19
Yalçın, A. D., & Yalçın, A. N. (2020) · Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology · doi:10.1080/08923973.2020.1818770 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Rădulescu, L., Crișan, D., Grapa, C. M., & Rădulescu, D. (2021) · Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases · doi:10.15403/jgld-3671 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Ramachandran, V., Sui, D., Xu, K., Haydu, L. E., Fang, S., McQuade, J. L., Fisher, S. B., Lucci, A., Keung, E. Z.-Y., et al. (2021) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jid.2021.12.012 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Nivolumab-Induced Concomitant Severe Upper and Lower Gastrointestinal Immune-Related Adverse Effects
Alhatem, A., Patel, K. S., Eriksen, B., Bukhari, S., & Liu, C. (2019) · ACG Case Reports Journal · doi:10.14309/crj.0000000000000249 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Riveiro‐Barciela, M., Carballal, S., Díaz‐González, Á., Mañosa, M., Gallego-Plazas, J., Cubiella, J., Jiménez‐Fonseca, P., Varela, M., Menchen, L. A., Sangro, B., et al. (2024) · Gastroenterología y Hepatología · doi:10.1016/j.gastrohep.2023.10.009 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Lin, A., Zheng, K., Jiang, A., Huang, X., Wang, Q., Hajdú, A., Li, Z., Zhang, J., & Luo, P. (2025) · Med Research · doi:10.1002/mdr2.70019 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Evaluation of the Tocilizumab therapy in human cancers: Latest evidence and clinical potential
Ghasemi, K., & Ghasemi, K. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/jcpt.13781 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Townsend, M. J., Benque, I. J., Li, M., & Grover, S. (2024) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.17980 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Myocarditis: Where We Are and Where We Will Go
Vergara, A., Felice, M. D., Cesaro, A., Gragnano, F., Pariggiano, I., Golia, E., Pasquale, A. D., Blasi, E., Fimiani, F., Monda, E., et al. (2023) · Angiology · doi:10.1177/00033197231201929 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Immunotherapy induced enterocolitis and gastritis – What to do and when?
Cheung, V., & Brain, O. (2020) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2020.101703 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Systemic Treatment of Cutaneous Adverse Events after Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: A Review
Brown, A. M., Masterson, W. M., Lo, J., & Patel, A. B. (2021) · Dermatitis · doi:10.1097/der.0000000000000776 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Bonomi, M., Maltese, M., Brighenti, M., Muri, M., & Passalacqua, R. (2020) · Clinical Lung Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.cllc.2020.08.002 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Role of interleukin-6 in resistance to tumor therapy
Liang, Y.-M., Shao, Y., & Gu, W. (2025) · Discover Oncology · doi:10.1007/s12672-025-03644-3 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Ulcerative esophagitis associated with combined nivolumab and ipilimumab therapy
Endo, R., Nakamura, Y., Ishizuki, S., Ishitsuka, Y., Watanabe, R., Okiyama, N., Yoshimi, I. T. O., Nagafuchi, M., Mizokami, Y., & Fujisawa, Y. (2020) · The Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1346-8138.15421 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Liu, X., Shi, X., Guo, W., Ke, Y., Li, Y., Pan, S., Li, X., Liu, M., Liu, M., Wang, Y., et al. (2021) · International Journal of General Medicine · doi:10.2147/ijgm.s327555 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Immune-related Adverse Events: A Histopathologic Review
Alruwaii, Z. I., & Montgomery, E. A. (2022) · Advances in Anatomic Pathology · doi:10.1097/pap.0000000000000346 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Acute esophageal necrosis induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors
Figuero-Pérez, L., Olivares-Hernández, A., Amores-Martín, A., Cruz, J. J., & Fonseca‐Sánchez, E. (2021) · Revista Española de Enfermedades Digestivas · doi:10.17235/reed.2021.8418/2021 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Douglas, V. P., Douglas, K. A. A., & Cestari, D. M. (2019) · Current Opinion in Ophthalmology · doi:10.1097/icu.0000000000000608 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Histopathology of Gastrointestinal Immune-related Adverse Events
Zhang, M. L., & Deshpande, V. (2021) · The American Journal of Surgical Pathology · doi:10.1097/pas.0000000000001730 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Checkpoint inhibitor induced esophagitis with documented resolution on infliximab
Chen, F. W., Liu, A. F., Srivastava, A., Buchbinder, E. I., & Grover, S. (2020) · Current Problems in Cancer Case Reports · doi:10.1016/j.cpccr.2020.100029 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Cruz, C. C., Santos, M. J. M. N., Wali, S., Varatharajalu, K., Thomas, A. S., & Wang, Y. (2025) · Immunotherapy · doi:10.1080/1750743x.2025.2473305 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Lymphocytic Esophagitis
Amin, S., Munankami, S., Desai, P., Altomare, J. F., & Shah, N. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.39920 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Personalized treatment of immune-related adverse events — balance is required
Martins, F., & Obéid, M. (2020) · Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1038/s41571-020-0400-4 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Hoshi, K., Hirano, K., Tsukamoto, K., Abe, Y., Tsuchiya, M., Sasaki, Y., Mouri, A., Suhara, K., & Kamimura, M. (2022) · Annals of Cancer Research and Therapy · doi:10.4993/acrt.30.121 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Immune-related Adverse Events: A Histopathologic Review
Alruwaii, Z. I., & Montgomery, E. A. (2023) · Advances in Anatomic Pathology · doi:10.1097/pap.0000000000000401 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Otsuka, T., Hashii, Y., Murayama, S., Ishizuka, Y., Kojitani, Y., Nishio, M., & Kudo, T. (2023) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2023.1164236 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Arora, K. S., Zhang, M. L., Goiburú-Chenu, M. B., & England, J. S. (2020) · Diagnostic histopathology · doi:10.1016/j.mpdhp.2020.11.002 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Uncommon esophagitis associated with nivolumab and ipilimumab therapy
Inoue, G., Utsumi, T., & Yoshizawa, A. (2020) · Digestive Endoscopy · doi:10.1111/den.13902 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Dual blockade of IL-6 and CTLA-4 regresses pancreatic tumors in a CD4 + T cell-dependent mannerPreprint
Ware, M. B., McQuinn, C. W., Zaidi, M. Y., Knochelmann, H. M., Mace, T. A., Chen, Z., Zhang, C., Farren, M. R., Ruggieri, A. N., Bowers, J. S., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.02.07.939199 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Daoudlarian, D., Boughdad, S., Bartolini, R., Latifyan, S., Doms, J., Bouchaab, H., Abdelhamid, K., Ferahta, N., Mederos, N., Joo, V., et al. (2026) · JACC CardioOncology · doi:10.1016/j.jaccao.2026.04.008 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Pembrolizumab-associated acral necrosis and esophageal necrosis
Thomas, A. R., Jayan, A., Chang, Y., Svetgoff, R. A., Datar, S. S., Memula, V., Huang, M., Winikka, L., & Chen, J. W. (2022) · Current Problems in Cancer Case Reports · doi:10.1016/j.cpccr.2022.100193 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Mitchell, J. M., & Karamchandani, D. M. (2023) · Surgical pathology clinics · doi:10.1016/j.path.2023.05.007 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Riveiro‐Barciela, M., Carballal, S., Díaz‐González, Á., Mañosa, M., Plazas, J. G., Cubiella, J., Jiménez‐Fonseca, P., Varela, M., Menchen, L. A., Sangro, B., et al. (2024) · Revista Española de Enfermedades Digestivas · doi:10.17235/reed.2024.10250/2024 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Riveiro‐Barciela, M., Carballal, S., Díaz‐González, Á., Mañosa, M., Gallego-Plazas, J., Cubiella, J., Jiménez‐Fonseca, P., Varela, M., Menchen, L. A., Sangro, B., et al. (2024) · Gastroenterología y Hepatología (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.gastre.2023.10.003 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Esophagitis dissecans superficialis with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy
Coolidge, A., Rodriguez, N. J., Pomerantz, M. M., & Grover, S. (2020) · Current Problems in Cancer Case Reports · doi:10.1016/j.cpccr.2020.100044 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Zou, Y., Li, Q., Zhou, L., Lu, Y., Hua, W., Zhou, Y., Lin, S., Guo, X., Yan, S., Wang, H., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2025.1684475 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Ocular Toxicity Profile of Targeted Cancer Therapy (TCT) at a US Tertiary Cancer Center
Ameri, M., Al-Zubidi, N. S., Razmandi, A., Whyte, A., Naing, A., Patel, N., & Gombos, D. S. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.40597 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Dual blockade of IL-6 and CTLA-4 regresses pancreatic tumors in a CD4+ T-cell-dependent manner.Preprint
Ware, M. B., McQuinn, C. W., Zaidi, M., Knochelmann, H. M., Robinson, B. S., Herting, C. J., Mace, T. A., Chen, Z., Zhang, C., Farren, M. R., et al. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-599225/v1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Petrousis, G., Szczegielniak, S., Sabhan, H., Elbe, P., Bilican, G., Strid, H., Bresso, F., Hedin, C. R. H., & Haas, S. (2025) · World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy · doi:10.4253/wjge.v17.i7.107798 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Meneses, O., Alzamora, M., Dias, C. A. R., Ortigão, R., & Marques, D. S. (2025) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.98324 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Tomar, S., Jessamy, K., Yang, D., & Hayat, M. (2026) · ACG Case Reports Journal · doi:10.14309/crj.0000000000002159 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Mincu, R. I., Zimmer, L., Vlachopoulou, D., Haj‐Yehia, E., Hoffmann, J., Michel, L., Livingstone, E., Schadendorf, D., Tasdogan, A., Totzeck, M., et al. (2026) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.70536 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Urasaki, T., Nishizawa, M., Yoshida, A., Tomomatsu, J., Yuasa, T., Yonese, J., & Takahashi, S. (2021) · Immunotherapy · doi:10.2217/imt-2021-0067 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Immunotherapy in esophageal cancer – An update
Parekh, B. B., Ghadlyalpatil, N., Chandarana, E. V., Hingmire, S., Sumant, G., Agarwala, V., Tiwari, A. K., Bhattacharyya, G. S., & Parikh, P. M. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular and Immuno Oncology · doi:10.25259/ijmio-11-2019 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Boughdad, S., Daoudlarian, D., Bartolini, R., Latifyan, S., Doms, J., Bouchaab, H., Abdelhamid, K., Ferahta, N., Mederos, N., Joo, V., et al. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.01.16.25320675 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Critical Analysis of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Immunotoxicity Management
Lopes, C., Morgado, S., Plácido, A. I., Roque, F., & Morgado, M. (2021) · SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine · doi:10.1007/s42399-020-00670-w
(2019) · Reactions Weekly · doi:10.1007/s40278-019-57315-5
Kamal, M. J., Baudo, M., Joseph, J. J., Geng, Y., & Qdaisat, A. Z. (2022) · Reports — Medical Cases Images and Videos · doi:10.3390/reports5030031
Adverse reactions of immune checkpoint inhibitors
Рафилевна, З. Э., Kaliberdenko, V. B., Рустамовна, К. Э., Beter, V. S., Pronkina, T. V., Kushner, V. A., & Taran, V. V. (2025) · Medical Immunology (Russia) · doi:10.15789/1563-0625-aro-3191
Immune checkpoint inhibitor esophagitis with excellent response to oral viscous budesonide
Clark‐Dickson, M., Khani, A., Hughes, T., Rich, G. G., & Nahar, D. K. (2025) · Current Problems in Cancer Case Reports · doi:10.1016/j.cpccr.2025.100387
Chronic sequelae of immune-related adverse events
Ngo, S., Rong, J., Menon, R., Cruz, C. C., Chatterjee, A., Mortan, R. E., Salim, H., Rivera, A. C. U., Jafri, F. I., Garza, D. M., et al. (2026) · Expert Opinion on Drug Safety · doi:10.1080/14740338.2026.2635994
Townsend, M. J., Mumtaz, A., Sack, J., Liu, A. F., Sharon, E., LeBoeuf, N. R., Hodi, F. S., & Grover, S. (2026) · Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology · doi:10.14309/ctg.0000000000001035
Severe Neutropenia and Esophagitis Associated With Avelumab for Urothelial Carcinoma: A Case Report
Hirano, T., Kawahara, T., Karibe, Y., Iwamoto, G., Asano, J., Fusayasu, S., Mizuno, N., Makiyama, K., Uemura, H., Moriyama, M., et al. (2026) · Clinical Case Reports · doi:10.1002/ccr3.73086
- Authors
- Horisberger, A., La Rosa, S., Zurcher, J.-P., Zimmermann, S., Spertini, F., Coukos, G., & Obeid, M.
- Affiliations
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CH)
- Ludwig Cancer Research (BE)
- Venue
- Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2018-12
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 156-156
- ISSN
- 2051-1426 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6307169
- OpenAlex
- W2905593807
- Cited by
- 81
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 5
- FWCI
- 3.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- IRIS (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- IrInSubria (University of Insubria) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Oral health in cancer treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Esophageal and GI Pathology
- Keywords
- esophageal stricture, nivolumab, tocilizumab, IL-6 inhibition, immune-related adverse events, immune checkpoint inhibitors, esophagitis, oropharyngeal mucositis, lung adenocarcinoma, corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis, corticosteroid tapering
- MeSH terms
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological, Nivolumab, Adenocarcinoma, Aged, Conjunctivitis, Esophageal Stenosis, Humans, Lung Neoplasms, Male, Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
