Super-resolution microscopy reveals γ-secretase at both sides of the neuronal synapse
Open accessAbstract
The transmembrane protein assembly γ-secretase is a key protease in regulated intramembrane processing (RIP) of around 100 type-1 transmembrane proteins. Importantly, it has a pathological role in Alzheimer disease (AD) as it generates the neurotoxic amyloid β-peptide from the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Studies on γ-secretase location are therefore crucial both from a biological and a therapeutic perspective. Despite several years of efforts in many laboratories, it is not clear where in the neuron γ-secretase exerts it's activities. Technical challenges include the fact that the active enzyme contains four protein components and that most subcellular compartments cannot be spatially resolved by traditional light microscopy. Here, we have used a powerful combination of the two nanoscopy techniques STORM and STED microscopy to visualize the location of γ-secretase in neurons using an active-site specific probe, with a focus on the synapse. We show that γ-secretase is present in both the pre-and postsynaptic compartments. We further show that the enzyme is enriched very close to the synaptic cleft in the postsynaptic membrane, as well as to NMDA receptors, demonstrating that γ-secretase is present in the postsynaptic plasma membrane. Importantly, the expression of γ-secretase increased in the pre- and postsynaptic compartments with the size of the synapse, suggesting a correlation between γ-secretase activity and synapse maturation. Thus, our data shows the synaptic location with high precision in three dimensions and settles the long-lasting debate on the synaptic location of γ-secretase.
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- Authors
- Schedin-Weiss, S., Caesar, I., Winblad, B., Blom, H., & Tjernberg, L. O.
- Affiliations
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Science for Life Laboratory (SE)
- Venue
- Acta Neuropathologica Communications
- Published
- 2016-03-31
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 29-29
- ISSN
- 2051-5960 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4818506
- OpenAlex
- W2325208507
- Cited by
- 58
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 5.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Acta Neuropathologica Communications (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- The Hans-Gabriel and Alice Trolle-Wachtmeister Foundation for Medical Research
- The Swedish Alzheimer foundation
- Stiftelsen för gamla tjänarinnor
- Gunnar and Bertil Stohnes foundation
- The Swedish Research Council (VR-2013-6041)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques
- Keywords
- gamma-secretase, synaptic localization, regulated intramembrane proteolysis, synapse maturation, postsynaptic membrane, synaptic cleft, NMDA receptor, amyloid-beta, Alzheimer's disease, amyloid precursor protein, super-resolution microscopy, storms, STED microscopy, active site probes
- MeSH terms
- Disks Large Homolog 4 Protein, Animals, Axons, Cells, Cultured, Dendrites, Embryo, Mammalian, Hippocampus, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Membrane Proteins, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Microtubule-Associated Proteins, Neurons, Synapses, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Synaptophysin, tau Proteins, Microscopy, Confocal, Mice, Guanylate Kinases, Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases, Neuroimaging
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