Evaluation of potential association of metabolic syndrome in obese and non-obese PCOS women
Open accessAbstract
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome is an escalating endocrinal and reproductive disorder among women of reproductive age and is considered the foremost health burden. Therefore, the present study is an attempt to estimate the potential association of metabolic syndrome in obese and non-obese PCOS women. A total of 250 PCOS women ranging in age from 18 to 45 years and living in the Chandigarh Capital Region were selected from the OPD, PGIMER, Chandigarh, (North India). Rotterdam Criteria (2003) was employed to diagnose polycystic ovary syndrome among women. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) as assessed by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP ATP III) was found to be 30% (4% in non-obese and 26% in obese) in PCOS women. Waist circumference > 88 cm is the most prevalent feature in PCOS women (67.2%) followed by HDL < 50 mg/dL (56.8%). The multivariate logistic regression analysis exhibited that visceral adiposity index (VAI) was a significant determinant of metabolic syndrome in obese (OR = 1.17, p < 0.01) and non-obese (OR = 1.2, p < 0.01) PCOS women. Results of ROC analysis further established visceral adiposity index as a potential determinant in metabolic syndrome in both the groups of PCOS women. In obese PCOS women, the W/H ratio also depicted accuracy in predicting metabolic syndrome risk. Conclusions: Visceral adiposity index is a significant tool to assess the metabolic syndrome in both groups, i.e., obese and non-obese. However, the waist/hip ratio can be considered as a predictive tool in obese women only. Thus, it could be used as a significant and inexpensive tool in clinical practices for early detection of metabolic syndrome in PCOS women.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Insulin resistance is present in up to 70% of women with PCOS regardless of body mass index.
“Insulin resistance has been described as a key feature of PCOS and is present in up to 70 percent of women regardless of body mass index [8].”
From Prevalence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and Its Association with Metabolic Syndrome in Reproductive-Aged Women: A Cross-Sectional Study (2025) · cites this paper as [8]
Cites
Expert Panel on Detection, E. (2001) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.285.19.2486 · Cited by 26,011 · see citing works
(2004) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)15268-3 · Cited by 12,717 · see citing works
A comprehensive definition for metabolic syndrome
Huang, P. L. (2009) · Disease Models & Mechanisms · doi:10.1242/dmm.001180 · Cited by 2,223 · see citing works
Tanner, J. M., Whitehouse, R. H., & Takaishi, M. (1966) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.41.219.454 · Cited by 1,355 · see citing works
The Definition and Prevalence of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome.
Engin, A. (2017) · Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-48382-5_1 · Cited by 978 · see citing works
Lim, S. S., Davies, M. J., Norman, R. J., & Moran, L. J. (2012) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dms030 · Cited by 939 · see citing works
Prevalence and Characteristics of the Metabolic Syndrome in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Apridonidze, T., Essah, P. A., Iuorno, M. J., & Nestler, J. E. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2004-1045 · Cited by 931 · see citing works
The metabolic syndrome: a global public health problem and a new definition.
Zimmet, P., Magliano, D., Matsuzawa, Y., Alberti, G., & Shaw, J. (2005) · Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.12.295 · Cited by 925 · see citing works
Weiner, J. S., & Lourie, J. A. (1981) · Academic Press eBooks · Cited by 910 · see citing works
Prevalence and Predictors of the Metabolic Syndrome in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Ehrmann, D. A., Liljenquist, D. R., Kasza, K., Azziz, R., Legro, R. S., & Ghazzi, M. N. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2005-1329 · Cited by 703 · see citing works
Obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome
Barber, T., McCarthy, M. I., Wass, J. A. H., & Franks, S. (2006) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2006.02587.x · Cited by 655 · see citing works
Lipid Levels in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Wild, R. A., Rizzo, M., Clifton, S., & Carmina, E. (2011) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.12.027 · Cited by 477 · see citing works
Carmina, E., Rosato, F., Jannì, A., Rizzo, M., & Longo, R. A. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2005-1457 · Cited by 420 · see citing works
Glueck, C. J., Papanna, R., Wang, P., Goldenberg, N., & Sieve-Smith, L. (2003) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s0026-0495(03)00104-5 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
Visceral Adiposity Index: An Indicator of Adipose Tissue Dysfunction
Amato, M., & Giordano, C. (2014) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2014/730827 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Carmina, E., Bucchieri, S., Esposito, A., Del Puente, A., Mansueto, P., Orio, F., Di Fede, G., & Rini, G. (2007) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2006-2725 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Carmina, E., & Løbo, R. A. (2004) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.01.041 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Yıldırım, B., Sabir, N., & Kaleli̇, B. (2003) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(03)00265-6 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
The metabolic syndrome in polycystic ovary syndrome
Essah, P. A., & Nestler, J. E. (2006) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/bf03345554 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Lord, J., Thomas, R., Fox, B., Acharya, U., & Wilkin, T. (2006) · BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2006.00973.x · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Amiri, M., Tehrani, F. R., Behboudi‐Gandevani, S., Yarandi, R. B., & Carmina, E. (2020) · Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology · doi:10.1186/s12958-020-00576-1 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome in obesity
Liberopoulos, E. N., Mikhailidis, D. P., & Elisaf, M. (2005) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2005.00221.x · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Venkatrao, M., Nagarathna, R., Majumdar, V., Patil, S. S., Rathi, S., & Nagendra, H. R. (2020) · Annals of Neurosciences · doi:10.1177/0972753120987465 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Guo, F., Gong, Z., Fernando, T., Zhang, L., Zhu, X., & Shi, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.892125 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Metabolic syndrome in young Czech women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Vrbíková, J., Vondra, K., Cibula, D., Dvořáková, K., Stanická, S., Šrámková, D., Šindelka, G., Hill, M., Bendlová, B., & Škrha, J. (2005) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/dei221 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Visceral adiposity index as a predictor of clinical severity and therapeutic outcome of PCOS
Zheng, S.-H., & Li, X.-L. (2016) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.3109/09513590.2015.1111327 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Μacut, D., Panidis, D., Glišić, B., Spanos, N., Petakov, M. S., Bjekić, J., Stanojlović, O. P., Rousso, D., Kourtis, A., Antić, I. B., et al. (2008) · Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1139/y08-014 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Metabolic syndrome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Chandrasekaran, S., & Sagili, H. (2018) · The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist · doi:10.1111/tog.12519 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
The importance of metabolic dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome
Visser, J. A. (2020) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-020-00456-z · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Changes in clinical and biochemical characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome with advancing age
de Medeiros, S. F., Yamamoto, M. M. W., de Medeiros, M. A. S., Barbosa, B. B., Soares, J. M., & Baracat, E. C. (2020) · Endocrine Connections · doi:10.1530/ec-19-0496 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Metabolic syndrome and metabolic risk profile according to polycystic ovary syndrome phenotype
Bil, E., Dilbaz, B., Cırık, D. A., Özelçi, R., Özkaya, E., & Dilbaz, S. (2016) · Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · doi:10.1111/jog.12985 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Applied medical informatics for the pharmacist
Miller, L. G. (1994) · Journal of Medical Systems · doi:10.1007/bf00999271 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Shi, Y., Cui, Y., Sun, X., Ma, G., Ma, Z.-X., Gao, Q. F., & Chen, Z. (2013) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2013.11.011 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Techatraisak, K., Wongmeerit, K., Dangrat, C., Wongwananuruk, T., & Indhavivadhana, S. (2015) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.3109/09513590.2015.1112785 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Metabolic dysfunction in obese Hispanic women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Sam, S., Scoccia, B., Yalamanchi, S. K., & Mazzone, T. (2015) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/dev073 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Luqman, M. S., Zeba, A., Tanveer, N., & Kareem, S. (2025) · DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICO-LIFE-SCIENCES · doi:10.69750/dmls.02.05.0131 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Correlation of Subfatin and Vitamin D3 in Obese and Normal Weight PCOS Patients
Abdulwahid, W. N., & Obaid, R. M. (2025) · Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad · doi:10.32007/jfacmedbaghdad3151
Metabolic syndrome in lean versus obese polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) phenotype
Goyal, N., Sharma, S., Bhatia, R., Gupta, S., & Pai, R. (2026) · Scripta Medica · doi:10.5937/scriptamed57-60700
- Authors
- Kaur, R., & Kaur, M.
- Affiliations
- Panjab University (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Kaur, Raminder
- Venue
- Middle East Fertility Society Journal
- Published
- 2024-01-26
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 1110-5690 (ISSN-L)
- 2090-3251
- OpenAlex
- W4391260967
- Cited by
- 2
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1
- FWCI
- 0.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- Middle East Fertility Society Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Keywords
- polycystic ovary syndrome, metabolic syndrome, obesity, visceral adiposity index, waist-to-hip ratio, Rotterdam criteria, NCEP ATP III criteria, waist circumference, HDL cholesterol
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
