The Fear Questionnaire: Some Data on Validity, Reliability and Layout
Abstract
In order to assess some psychometric properties of Marks & Mathews' (1979) short Fear Questionnaire, a Dutch translation of this form was administered to 143 phobic outpatients: 100 women and 43 men. There was a special interest in assessing validity by comparing the scores of agoraphobics, social phobics and simple phobics. The findings were that all scales have sufficient internal consistency, although the Total Phobia scale does not seem to add meaningful information to its subscales. Most scales are significantly related to neuroticism, and the Social Phobia subscale is strongly related to social anxiety. The Agoraphobia and Social Phobia subscales discriminate between categories of phobics in the expected way. For the Blood/Injury subscale the relevant comparisons could not be made. The data presented in this study can be used to develop FQ norms for phobic patients.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The FQ-5 is a 5-item questionnaire that assesses avoidance behavior for various places.
“The FQ-5 [76, 77] is a 5-item questionnaire to assess avoidance behavior for various places (e.g. busy shop, public transport), using a 9-point Likert scale (0 = I never avoid this, 8 = I always avoid this).”
The psychometric validity of the Fear Questionnaire (FQ) has been established for the Dutch version.
“The psychometric validity of the FQ has been established for the Dutch version [43].”
From Short-term effectiveness of web-based guided self-help for phobic outpatients: randomized controlled trial. (2014) · cites this paper as [43]
Cites
A Coefficient of Agreement for Nominal Scales
Cohen, J. (1960) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/001316446002000104 · Cited by 42,398 · see citing works
Snedecor, G. W., Cochran, W. G., & STOUT, B. B. (1939) · Soil Science · doi:10.1097/00010694-193902000-00006 · Cited by 19,423 · see citing works
Introduction to Classical and Modern Test Theory
Crocker, L. M., & Algina, J. J. (1986) · Cited by 4,803 · see citing works
Experimental Design in Psychological Research
(2002) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/3080.003.0011 · Cited by 2,477 · see citing works
Brief standard self-rating for phobic patients
Marks, I. M., & Mathews, A. M. (1979) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(79)90041-x · Cited by 1,801 · see citing works
Experimental Design in Psychological Research
Morin, R. E., & Edwards, A. L. (1961) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1419688 · Cited by 1,035 · see citing works
Significance tests for multiple comparison of proportions, variances, and other statistics.
Ryan, T. H. (1960) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0044320 · Cited by 685 · see citing works
The Classification of Phobic Disorders
Marks, I. M. (1970) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.116.533.377 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Phobic dimensions: I. Reliability and generalizability across samples, gender and nations
Arrindell, W. A., Emmelkamp, P. M. G., & Jan, V. D. E. (1984) · Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0146-6402(84)90001-8 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Temporal stability of self-report measures in agoraphobia research
Michelson, L. K., & MAVISSAKALIAN, M. R. (1983) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(83)90089-x · Cited by 78 · see citing works
The fear questionnaire: a validity study
MAVISSAKALIAN, M. R. (1986) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(86)90154-3 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Mizes, J. S., & Crawford, J. (1986) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/bf00959836 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Cottraux, J. A., Bouvard, M. A., & Messy, P. (1987) · PubMed · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Factor analysis of a Venezuelan fear survey schedule
de Aldaz, E. G. (1982) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(82)90090-0 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Personality differences within a diagnostic entity: Types of phobia in men and women
van Zuuren, F. J. (1987) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(87)90016-x · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Penninx, B. W., Pine, D. S., Holmes, E. A., & Reif, A. (2021) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00359-7 · Cited by 740 · see citing works
Gámez, W., Chmielewski, M., Kotov, R., Ruggero, C., & Watson, D. (2011) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/a0023242 · Cited by 524 · see citing works
Long-term disability in anxiety disorders
Hendriks, S. M., Spijker, J., Licht, C. M. M., Hardeveld, F., de Graaf, R., Batelaan, N. M., Penninx, B. W. J. H., & Beekman, A. T. F. (2016) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-016-0946-y · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Spinhoven, P., Penninx, B. W., Hickendorff, M., van Hemert, A. M., Bernstein, D. P., & Elzinga, B. M. (2014) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0000002 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Impact of pain on the course of depressive and anxiety disorders
Gerrits, M. M. J. G., Vogelzangs, N., van Oppen, P., van Marwijk, H. W. J., van der Horst, H., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2012) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2011.11.001 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Longitudinal association between pain, and depression and anxiety over four years
Gerrits, M. M. J. G., van Marwijk, H. W. J., van Oppen, P., van der Horst, H., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2015) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.10.011 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Klein Hofmeijer-Sevink, M., Batelaan, N. M., van Megen, H. J. G. M., Penninx, B. W., Cath, D. C., van den Hout, M. A., & van Balkom, A. J. L. M. (2012) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.12.008 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
A Brief Web-Based Screening Questionnaire for Common Mental Disorders: Development and Validation
Donker, T., Straten, A. V., Marks, I., & Cuijpers, P. (2009) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.1134 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Disability in anxiety disorders
Hendriks, S. M., Spijker, J., Licht, C. M. M., Beekman, A. T. F., Hardeveld, F., de Graaf, R., Batelaan, N. M., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.05.006 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Spinhoven, P., van Hemert, A. M., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2017) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-017-9856-7 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Romijn, G., Batelaan, N., Kok, R., Koning, J., van Balkom, A., Titov, N., & Riper, H. (2019) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/11706 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Two‐year course of anxiety disorders: different across disorders or dimensions?
Hendriks, S. M., Spijker, J., Licht, C. M. M., Beekman, A. T. F., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2013) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12024 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Kok, R. N., van Straten, A., Beekman, A. T. F., & Cuijpers, P. (2014) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.3429 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
The association of changes in repetitive negative thinking with changes in depression and anxiety
Hijne, K., Penninx, B. W., van Hemert, A. M., & Spinhoven, P. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.002 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Kok, R. N., van Straten, A., Beekman, A., Bosmans, J., de Neef, M., & Cuijpers, P. (2012) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-12-131 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Endhoven, B., De Cort, K., Matthijssen, S. J. M. A., de Jongh, A., van Minnen, A., Duits, P., Schruers, K. R. J., van Dis, E. A. M., Krypotos, A. M., Gerritsen, L., et al. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04320-4 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
- Authors
- Van Zuuren, F. J.
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 1988-11
- Volume
- 153
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 659-662
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- OpenAlex
- W2102184774
- Cited by
- 79
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 2.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Keywords
- Fear Questionnaire, phobia, agoraphobia, social anxiety disorder, specific phobia, psychometric properties, internal consistency, validity, neuroticism, social anxiety, Dutch translation, reference values
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Agoraphobia, Fear, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Phobic Disorders, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
