A Brief Web-Based Screening Questionnaire for Common Mental Disorders: Development and Validation

Donker, Tara; Straten, Annemieke van; Marks, Isaac; Cuijpers, Pim

doi:10.2196/jmir.1134

Cited by 166Digital Mental Health InterventionsAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesMental Health Treatment and Access

A Brief Web-Based Screening Questionnaire for Common Mental Disorders: Development and Validation

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Donker, Tara, Straten, Annemieke van, Marks, Isaac, Cuijpers, Pim·2009·Journal of Medical Internet Research

DOI 10.2196/jmir.1134PMC PMC2763401

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The advent of Internet-based self-help systems for common mental disorders has generated a need for quick ways to triage would-be users to systems appropriate for their disorders. This need can be met by using brief online screening questionnaires, which can also be quickly used to screen patients prior to consultation with a GP. OBJECTIVE: To test and enhance the validity of the Web Screening Questionnaire (WSQ) to screen for: depressive disorder, alcohol abuse/dependence, GAD, PTSD, social phobia, panic disorder, agoraphobia, specific phobia, and OCD. METHODS: A total of 502 subjects (aged 18 - 80) answered the WSQ and 9 other questionnaires on the Internet. Of these 502, 157 were assessed for DSM-IV-disorders by phone in a WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview with a CIDI-trained interviewer. RESULTS: Positive WSQ "diagnosis" had significantly (P < .001) higher means on the corresponding validating questionnaire than negative WSQ "diagnosis". WSQ sensitivity was 0.72 - 1.00 and specificity was 0.44 - 0.77 after replacing three items (GAD, OCD, and panic) and adding one question for specific phobia. The Areas Under the Curve (AUCs) of the WSQ's items with scaled responses were comparable to AUCs of longer questionnaires. CONCLUSIONS: The WSQ screens appropriately for common mental disorders. While the WSQ screens out negatives well, it also yields a high number of false positives.

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The transdiagnostic accuracy of ADA could be considered lower than sensitivities of self-report screenings for mental disorders, which range between 0.72 and 0.90.
“The transdiagnostic accuracy of ADA could be considered lower when compared with sensitivities of self-report screenings for mental disorders that range between 0.72 and 0.90 according to previous studies [59-62].”
From Diagnostic Performance of an App-Based Symptom Checker in Mental Disorders: Comparative Study in Psychotherapy Outpatients (2022) · cites this paper as [62]
The Discussion (Principal Results; page not provided) reports sensitivities for the paper’s web screening questionnaire, supporting the general comparison with mental-disorder screening. But its reported range is 0.72–1.00, not 0.72–0.90; it gives 0.63–0.95 for other online questionnaires. The comparison with ADA is the citing authors’ own framing, not a finding attributed to this source. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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Authors: Donker, T., Straten, A. V., Marks, I., & Cuijpers, P.
Affiliations: Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
King's College London (GB)
Corresponding author: Donker, Tara
ORCID: Donker, Tara
Straten, Annemieke van
Cuijpers, Pim
Venue: Journal of Medical Internet Research
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Published: 2009-07-24
Volume: 11
Issue: 3
Pages: e19
ISSN: 1438-8871 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.2196/jmir.1134
PMC: PMC2763401
OpenAlex: W1965574070
Cited by: 166
References: 39
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 15
FWCI: 13.32
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
Locations: Journal of Medical Internet Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders: Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Keywords: common mental disorders, online self-help, triage, depressive disorders, alcohol abuse and dependence, generalized anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia, specific phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, sensitivity and specificity, false positives, questionnaire validation
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alcoholism, Anxiety, Mental Disorders, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Phobic Disorders, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sensitivity and Specificity, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Reproducibility of Results, Panic Disorder, Internet, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Young Adult

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A Brief Web-Based Screening Questionnaire for Common Mental Disorders: Development and Validation

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