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Cited by 92Electroconvulsive Therapy StudiesTreatment of Major DepressionTranscranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies

Seven Year Prognosis in Depression: Mortality and Readmission Risk in the Nottingham ECT Cohort

O'Leary, Denis A., Lee, Alan S.·1996·British Journal of Psychiatry
DOI 10.1192/bjp.169.4.423
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The longer term prognosis of depressed patients treated with ECT is relatively unknown. We describe seven-year mortality and readmission risks for the Nottingham ECT series. METHOD: Cases were defined and subtyped using the Present State Examination (PSE). Follow-up was naturalistic. Death and readmission were ascertained using the Nottingham case register. RESULTS: The risk of death was doubled (SMR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.34-2.84, P < 0.001). The seven-year cumulative probability of remaining without readmission was 0.27 (95% CI 0.19-0.35), being 0.79 (0.71-0.87) at 16 weeks (relapse) and 0.34 (0.24-0.44) thereafter (recurrence readmissions). Multiple regression analysis showed that delusions predicted relapse, while endogenous subtype, absence of psychomotor retardation, and previous history predicted recurrence readmissions. CONCLUSION: Index ECT treatment predicted high longer-term mortality and readmission risks. PSE/CATEGO-based subtyping identified patients most vulnerable to relapse and recurrence.

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  • Some articles establish a difference between the terms 'relapse' and 'recurrence'.

    “Some of them establish a difference between the terms “relapse” and “recurrence” (4, 28).”

    From Administrative criteria in the relapse of depressive disorder: a critical appraisal (2026) · cites this paper as [28]

  • Some authors equate relapse with rehospitalization, treating readmission rates as equivalent to relapse rates, while others report these outcomes separately.

    “Although some authors equate relapse with rehospitalization—treating readmission rates as equivalent to relapse rates (20, 28)—others report these outcomes separately.”

    From Administrative criteria in the relapse of depressive disorder: a critical appraisal (2026) · cites this paper as [28]

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Authors
O'Leary, D. A., & Lee, A. S.
Affiliations
Queen's Medical Centre (GB)
Venue
British Journal of Psychiatry
Publisher
Royal College of Psychiatrists
Published
1996-10
Volume
169
Issue
4
Pages
423-429
ISSN
  • 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
  • 1472-1465
DOI
10.1192/bjp.169.4.423
OpenAlex
W2007531634
Cited by
92
References
59
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 6
FWCI
1.94
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified, 7763 d)
Locations
  • The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
Keywords
electroconvulsive therapy, depression, long-term prognosis, mortality, hospital readmission, relapse, recurrence, delusions, endogenous depression, psychomotor retardation, Present State Examination
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Depressive Disorder, Electroconvulsive Therapy, England, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Readmission, Prognosis, Recurrence, Risk, Cohort Studies, Survival Analysis, Treatment Outcome

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