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Cited by 165Treatment of Major DepressionMental Health Treatment and AccessAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

Remission and recurrence of depression in the maintenance era: long-term outcome in a Cambridge cohort

KENNEDY, N., ABBOTT, R., PAYKEL, E. S.·2003·Psychological Medicine
DOI 10.1017/s003329170300744x
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Long-term studies of severe depression have described high rates of non-recovery, recurrence, chronic incapacity and mortality. A more recent cohort was followed-up to ascertain whether the course had improved given developments in pharmacological and psychological treatments in the last 15 years. METHOD: Subjects from a cohort of 70 mainly severe recurrent depressives originally recruited to a shorter follow-up study from 1990-1992 were followed-up after 8-11 years. Data included longitudinal information on course of depression and other psychiatric disorders, pharmacological and psychological treatment and social functioning during follow-up. RESULTS: Sixty-nine (99%) subjects were successfully followed-up, with 61 of 66 living subjects interviewed and detailed follow-up data obtained in total on 65. Sixty (92%) of 65 subjects recovered during follow-up, with two-thirds subsequently suffering a recurrence. Eleven (17%) suffered from an episode of chronic depression of at least 2 years duration during follow-up. Social function at follow-up was good and there were high levels of pharmacological and psychological treatment. Greater severity of illness was the most consistent predictor of poor outcome. Times to recovery and recurrence and recovery and recurrence rates were very similar to older studies. CONCLUSIONS: The long-term outcome of depression still shows high recurrence rates and does not appear to have changed in the last 20 years.

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  • In our study, family history of psychiatric illnesses was not associated with recurrence of MDD.

    “Results regarding family history and recurrence also have been inconsistent–a number of previous studies have reported that a family history of psychiatric illnesses was not associated with recurrence of MDD [11, 44, 64, 65], similar to what we have found in our study.”

    From Predictors of recurrence of major depressive disorder (2020) · cites this paper as [65]

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Authors
KENNEDY, N., ABBOTT, R., & PAYKEL, E. S.
Affiliations
University of Cambridge (GB)
ORCID
KENNEDY, N.
Venue
Psychological Medicine
Publisher
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published
2003-06-26
Volume
33
Issue
5
Pages
827-838
ISSN
  • 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-8978
DOI
10.1017/s003329170300744x
OpenAlex
W1970615944
Cited by
165
References
54
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 9
FWCI
5.78
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified)
Locations
  • Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords
severe depression, recurrent depression, remission, depression recurrence, chronic depression, long-term outcomes, course of depression, treatment outcomes, social functioning, disease severity, maintenance therapy, psychological intervention, pharmacotherapy
MeSH terms
Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, United Kingdom, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Prognosis, Severity of Illness Index, Cohort Studies, Treatment Outcome, Secondary Prevention

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