Depressive symptoms and cognitive decline in elderly people: Longitudinal study
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Background: Depressive symptoms are associated with cognitive decline in elderly people, but the nature of their temporal relationship remains equivocal. Aims: To test whether depressive symptoms predict cognitive decline in elderly people with normal cognition. Method: The Center for Epidemiologic Study depression scale (CES – D) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were used to evaluate depressive symptomatology and cognitive functioning, respectively. A sample of 1003 persons aged 59–71 years and with a MMSE score of 26 or over was selected. Cognitive decline was defined as a drop of at least 3 points on the MMSE at 4-year follow-up. Results: Baseline high levels of depressive symptoms predicted a higher risk of cognitive decline at 4-year follow-up. The MMSE score of participants with depression was more likely to fall below 26 at 2-year follow-up and to remain below at 4-year follow-up than the MMSE score of those without depressive symptoms. Persistent but not episodic depressive episodes were associated with cognitive decline. Conclusions: High levels of depressive symptoms, when persistent, are associated with cognitive decline in a sample of elderly people.
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Depression is difficult to differentiate clinically from dementia and early cognitive decline.
“Second, depression occurs more frequently in people with diabetes [73] and is difficult to differentiate clinically from dementia and early cognitive decline [74 -77].”
From Cognitive decline and dementia in diabetes—systematic overview of prospective observational studies (2005) · cites this paper as [76]
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- Authors
- Paterniti, S., Verdier-Taillefer, M.-H., Dufouil, C., & Alpérovitch, A.
- Affiliations
- Inserm (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Paterniti, Sabrina
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2002-11
- Volume
- 181
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 406-410
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- OpenAlex
- W1986250708
- Cited by
- 318
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 6.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Aging, Health, and Disability
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Keywords
- depressive symptoms, cognitive decline, older adults, episodic depression, normal cognition, temporal relations, Mini-Mental State Examination, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Cognition Disorders, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Linear Models, Logistic Models, Disease Progression
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