State-dependent alteration in face emotion recognition in depression
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BACKGROUND: Negative biases in emotional processing are well recognised in people who are currently depressed but are less well described in those with a history of depression, where such biases may contribute to vulnerability to relapse. AIMS: To compare accuracy, discrimination and bias in face emotion recognition in those with current and remitted depression. METHOD: The sample comprised a control group (n = 101), a currently depressed group (n = 30) and a remitted depression group (n = 99). Participants provided valid data after receiving a computerised face emotion recognition task following standardised assessment of diagnosis and mood symptoms. RESULTS: In the control group women were more accurate in recognising emotions than men owing to greater discrimination. Among participants with depression, those in remission correctly identified more emotions than controls owing to increased response bias, whereas those currently depressed recognised fewer emotions owing to decreased discrimination. These effects were most marked for anger, fear and sadness but there was no significant emotion × group interaction, and a similar pattern tended to be seen for happiness although not for surprise or disgust. These differences were confined to participants who were antidepressant-free, with those taking antidepressants having similar results to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Abnormalities in face emotion recognition differ between people with current depression and those in remission. Reduced discrimination in depressed participants may reflect withdrawal from the emotions of others, whereas the increased bias in those with a history of depression could contribute to vulnerability to relapse. The normal face emotion recognition seen in those taking medication may relate to the known effects of antidepressants on emotional processing and could contribute to their ability to protect against depressive relapse.
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Depression is associated with decreased discrimination of facial emotion.
“Consistent with this, depression is associated with decreased discrimination of facial emotion (Anderson et al., 2011).”
From Approaching the biology of human parental attachment: Brain imaging, oxytocin and coordinated assessments of mothers and fathers (2014) · cites this paper as Anderson et al., 2011
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- Authors
- Anderson, I. M., Shippen, C., Juhasz, G., Chase, D., Thomas, E., Downey, D., Toth, Z. G., Lloyd-Williams, K., Elliott, R., & Deakin, J. F. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Manchester (GB)
- National Health Service (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Anderson, Ian M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2011-04
- Volume
- 198
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 302-308
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- OpenAlex
- W2116335159
- Cited by
- 143
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 13.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- facial emotion recognition, depression, remitted depression, response bias, emotion discrimination, emotional processing, antidepressants, relapse vulnerability, sex differences, anger, fear, sadness
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Antidepressive Agents, Anxiety Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Discrimination, Psychological, Emotions, Facial Expression, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Reaction Time, Recurrence, Comorbidity, Linear Models, Case-Control Studies, Recognition, Psychology, Young Adult
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