Seasonal affective disorder and non-seasonal affective disorders: Results from the NESDA study
Open accessAbstract
Background: Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is considered to be a subtype of depression. Aims: To compare the clinical picture of SAD to non-seasonal affective disorders (non-SADs). Method: Diagnoses according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) were established in 2185 participants of the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. The Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire was administered to diagnose SAD. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were measured with the Inventory of Depressive Symptoms, the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Fear Questionnaire. Results: Participants with SAD, participants with a lifetime bipolar disorder and participants with a lifetime comorbid anxiety and depressive disorder scored highest in terms of psychopathology in the past year. The seasonal distribution of major depressive episodes was not different for participants with or without SAD. Conclusions: SAD may be a measure of severity of depression with a subjectively perceived worsening of symptoms in the winter months.
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Mood symptoms can occur in a seasonal pattern, as in seasonal affective disorder and in many cases of bipolar disorder.
“Mood symptoms can also occur in a seasonal pattern, as in seasonal affective disorder and in many cases of bipolar disorder192,193”
From Rhythms of life: circadian disruption and brain disorders across the lifespan (2019) · cites this paper as [192]
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Rhythms of life: circadian disruption and brain disorders across the lifespan
Logan, R. W., & McClung, C. A. (2019) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-018-0088-y · Cited by 713 · see citing works
- Authors
- Winthorst, W. H., Roest, A. M., Bos, E. H., Meesters, Y., Penninx, B. W. J. H., Nolen, W. A., & de Jonge, P.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
- Amsterdam Public Health (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Winthorst, Wim H.
- ORCID
- Venue
- BJPsych Open
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2017-07
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 196-203
- ISSN
- 2056-4724 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5572284
- OpenAlex
- W2745935734
- Cited by
- 13
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 1.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- BJPsych Open (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Pfizer
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Stanley Medical Research Institute
- European Commission
- Universiteit Leiden (10‐000‐1002)
- ZonMw (10‐000‐1002)
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
- Rivierduinen
- GGZ Friesland
- GGZ Drenthe
- Nederlands Instituut voor Onderzoek van de Gezondheidszorg (10-000-1002)
- Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum
- Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen
- Servier
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Keywords
- seasonal affective disorder, depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety comorbidity, depression severity, psychopathology
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