Lipoprotein (a): truly a direct prothrombotic factor in cardiovascular disease?
Open accessAbstract
Elevated plasma concentrations of lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] have been determined to be a causal risk factor for coronary heart disease, and may similarly play a role in other atherothrombotic disorders. Lp(a) consists of a lipoprotein moiety indistinguishable from LDL, as well as the plasminogen-related glycoprotein, apo(a). Therefore, the pathogenic role for Lp(a) has traditionally been considered to reflect a dual function of its similarity to LDL, causing atherosclerosis, and its similarity to plasminogen, causing thrombosis through inhibition of fibrinolysis. This postulate remains highly speculative, however, because it has been difficult to separate the prothrombotic/antifibrinolytic functions of Lp(a) from its proatherosclerotic functions. This review surveys the current landscape surrounding these issues: the biochemical basis for procoagulant and antifibrinolytic effects of Lp(a) is summarized and the evidence addressing the role of Lp(a) in both arterial and venous thrombosis is discussed. While elevated Lp(a) appears to be primarily predisposing to thrombotic events in the arterial tree, the fact that most of these are precipitated by underlying atherosclerosis continues to confound our understanding of the true pathogenic roles of Lp(a) and, therefore, the most appropriate therapeutic target through which to mitigate the harmful effects of this lipoprotein.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Hyper-Lp(a)-lipoproteinemia is a risk factor for ASCVD.
“[Statement]Hyper-Lp(a)-lipoproteinemia is a risk factor for ASCVD. (Evidence level: E-1a)”
From Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases 2017 (2018) · cites this paper as [228]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
cDNA sequence of human apolipoprotein(a) is homologous to plasminogen
McLean, J. W., Tomlinson, J. E., Kuang, W.-J., Eaton, D. L., Chen, E. Y., Fless, G. M., Scanu, A. M., & Lawn, R. M. (1987) · Nature · doi:10.1038/330132a0 · Cited by 1,886 · see citing works
Fibrinogen and fibrin structure and functions
MOSESSON, M. W. (2005) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2005.01365.x · Cited by 1,695 · see citing works
Genetically Elevated Lipoprotein(a) and Increased Risk of Myocardial Infarction
Kamstrup, P. R. (2009) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.801 · Cited by 1,357 · cited 1× · see citing works
“While evidence both for and against this notion has been presented (57-59), epidemiological studies remain inherently ambiguous about the mechanism underlying any associations.”
BackgroundKinetics of the activation of plasminogen by human tissue plasminogen activator. Role of fibrin.
Hoylaerts, M., Rijken, D. C., LIJNEN, H. R., & Collen, D. (1982) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)81051-7 · Cited by 1,312 · see citing works
Boerwinkle, E., Leffert, C. C., Lin, J., Lackner, C., Chiesa, G., & Hobbs, H. H. (1992) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci115855 · Cited by 958 · see citing works
Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Venous Thromboembolism Incidence
Tsai, A. W., Cushman, M., Rosamond, W. D., Heckbert, S. R., Polak, J. F., & Folsom, A. R. (2002) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.162.10.1182 · Cited by 699 · see citing works
Hajjar, K. A., Gavishi, D., Breslow, J. L., & Nachman, R. L. (1989) · Nature · doi:10.1038/339303a0 · Cited by 699 · see citing works
A potential basis for the thrombotic risks associated with lipoprotein(a)
Miles, L. A., Fless, G. M., Levin, E. G., Scanu, A. M., & Plow, E. F. (1989) · Nature · doi:10.1038/339301a0 · Cited by 581 · see citing works
Sørensen, K. E., Celermajer, D. S., Georgakopoulos, D., Hatcher, G. W., Betteridge, D. J., & Deanfield, J. E. (1994) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci116983 · Cited by 578 · see citing works
Fibrin Clot Structure and Function
Undas, A., & Ariëns, R. A. S. (2011) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.111.230631 · Cited by 526 · see citing works
Lipoprotein(a): resurrected by genetics
Kronenberg, F., & Utermann, G. (2013) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2012.02592.x · Cited by 521 · see citing works
Evolution of the proteases of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis by assembly from modules
Patthy, L. (1985) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(85)80046-5 · Cited by 493 · see citing works
Influence of Fibrin Network Conformation and Fibrin Fiber Diameter on Fibrinolysis Speed
Collet, J. ‐., Park, D., Lesty, C., Soria, J., Soria, C., Montalescot, G., & Weisel, J. W. (2000) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.20.5.1354 · Cited by 492 · see citing works
Broze, G. J., Warren, L., Novotny, W., et al. (1988) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v71.2.335.335 · Cited by 481 · see citing works
Lipoprotein(a), fibrin binding, and plasminogen activation.
Loscalzo, J., Weinfeld, M. S., Fless, G. M., & Scanu, A. M. (1990) · Arteriosclerosis An Official Journal of the American Heart Association Inc · doi:10.1161/01.atv.10.2.240 · Cited by 461 · see citing works
Partial amino acid sequence of apolipoprotein(a) shows that it is homologous to plasminogen.
Eaton, D., Fless, G. M., Kohr, W. J., McLean, J. W., Xu, Q., Miller, C. G., Lawn, R. M., & Scanu, A. M. (1987) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.84.10.3224 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
Molecular mechanism of physiological fibrinolysis
Wiman, B., & Collen, D. (1978) · Nature · doi:10.1038/272549a0 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
Bergmark, C., Dewan, A. K., Orsoni, A., Merki, E., Miller, E. R., Shin, M., Binder, C. J., Hörkkö, S., Krauss, R. M., Chapman, M. J., et al. (2008) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.m800174-jlr200 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Jp, C., Allali, Y., Lesty, C., Tanguy, M., Silvain, J., Ankri, A., Blanchet, B., Dumaine, R. L., Gianetti, J., Payot, L., et al. (2006) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000241589.52950.4c · Cited by 348 · see citing works
Nowak‐Göttl, U., Sträter, R., Heinecke, A., Junker, R., Koch, H.-G., Schuierer, G. R., & von Eckardstein, A. (1999) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v94.11.3678 · Cited by 343 · see citing works
Sträter, R., Becker, S., von Eckardstein, A., Heinecke, A., Gutsche, S., Junker, R., Kurnik, K., Schobeß, R., & Nowak‐Göttl, U. (2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11520-0 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Molecular definition of the extreme size polymorphism in apolipoprotein(a)
Lackner, C., Cohen, J. C., & Hobbs, H. H. (1993) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/2.7.933 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Lp(a) lipoprotein and pre‐β1‐lipoprotein in patients with coronary heart disease
Berg, K., Dahlén, G. H., & Frick, M. H. (1974) · Clinical Genetics · doi:10.1111/j.1399-0004.1974.tb00657.x · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Role of Lipoprotein(a) and Apolipoprotein(a) Phenotype in Atherogenesis
Kronenberg, F., Kronenberg, M. F., Kiechl, S. J., Trenkwalder, E., Santer, P., Oberhollenzer, F., Egger, G., Utermann, G., & Willeit, J. (1999) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.100.11.1154 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Discrimination and Net Reclassification of Cardiovascular Risk With Lipoprotein(a)
Willeit, P., Kiechl, S., Kronenberg, F., Witztum, J. L., Santer, P., Mayr, M., Xu, Q., Mayr, A., Willeit, J., & Tsimikas, S. (2014) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2014.03.061 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Risk of recurrent venous thrombosis in children with combined prothrombotic risk factors
Nowak‐Göttl, U. (2001) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v97.4.858 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Determinants of binding of oxidized phospholipids on apolipoprotein (a) and lipoprotein (a)
Leibundgut, G., Scipione, C. A., Yin, H., Schneider, M., Boffa, M. B., Green, S., Yang, X., Dennis, E. A., Witztum, J. L., Koschinsky, M. L., et al. (2013) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.m040733 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Self-citationDifferences in Lp[a] concentrations and apo[a] polymorphs between black and white Americans
Marcovina, S. M., Albers, J. J., Wijsman, E. M., ZHANG, Z., Chapman, N. H., & Kennedy, H. (1996) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)37461-7 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Molecular cloning and characterization of a full‐length cDNA clone for human plasminogen
Forsgren, M., RÅDÉN, B., Israelsson, M., et al. (1987) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(87)81501-6 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Caplice, N. M., Panetta, C. J., Peterson, T. E., Kleppe, L. S., Mueske, C. S., Kostner, G. M., Broze, G., & Simari, R. D. (2001) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v98.10.2980 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Chasman, D. I., Shiffman, D., Zee, R. Y. L., Louie, J. Z., Luke, M. M., Rowland, C. M., Catanese, J. J., Buring, J. E., Devlin, J. J., & Ridker, P. M. (2008) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.07.019 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Increased Lipoprotein(a) Is an Important Risk Factor for Venous Thromboembolism in Childhood
Nowak‐Göttl, U., Junker, R., Hartmeier, M., Koch, H.-G., Münchow, N., Assmann, G., & von Eckardstein, A. (1999) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.100.7.743 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Kamstrup, P. R., Tybjærg-Hansen, A., & Nordestgaard, B. G. (2012) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.112.248765 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Kringles: modules specialized for protein binding
Patthy, L., Trexler, M., Váli, Z., et al. (1984) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(84)80473-1 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Fleury, V., & Anglés‐Cano, E. (1991) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00244a035 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Taleb, A., Witztum, J. L., & Tsimikas, S. (2011) · Biomarkers in Medicine · doi:10.2217/bmm.11.60 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Helgadóttir, A., Grétarsdóttir, S., Þorleifsson, G., Hólm, H., Patel, R. S., Guðnason, Þ., Jones, G. T., van Rij, A. M., Eapen, D. J., Baas, A. F., et al. (2012) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2012.01.078 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Rhesus Monkey Apolipoprotein(a)
Tomlinson, J. E., McLean, J. W., & Lawn, R. M. (1989) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)83643-2 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
van der Hoek, Y. Y., Wittekoek, M. E., Beisiegel†, U., Kastelein, J. J. P., & Koschinsky, M. L. (1993) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/2.4.361 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Self-citationIncreased lipoprotein (a) levels as an independent risk factor for venous thromboembolism
von Depka, M., Nowak‐Göttl, U., Eisert, R. M., Dieterich, C., Barthels, M., Scharrer, I., Ganser, A., & Ehrenforth, S. (2000) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v96.10.3364 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Mutch, N. J., Engel, R., de Willige, S. U., et al. (2010) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2009-11-254029 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Palabrica, T. M., Liu, A. C., Aronovitz, M. J., Furie, B., Lawn, R. M., & Furie, B. C. (1995) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0395-256 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Luke, M. M., Kane, J. P., Liu, D. M., Rowland, C. M., Shiffman, D., Cassano, J., Catanese, J. J., Pullinger, C. R., Leong, D. U., Arellano, A. R., et al. (2007) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.107.141291 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Self-citationInhibition of Plasminogen Activation by Lipoprotein(a)
Hancock, M. A., Boffa, M. B., Marcovina, S. M., et al. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m302780200 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Self-citationMolecular Mechanisms Affecting Fibrin Structure and Stability
Lord, S. T. (2011) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.110.213389 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
The effect of alpha-,omega-amino acids on human plasminogen structure and activation
Violand, B. N., Byrne, R. E., & Castellino, F. (1978) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(17)30384-8 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Koschinsky, M. L., Tomlinson, J. E., Zioncheck, T. F., et al. (1991) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00234a029 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Self-citationEdelstein, C., Pfaffinger, D., Hinman, J., Miller, E. R., Lipkind, G. M., Tsimikas, S., Bergmark, C., Getz, G. S., Witztum, J. L., & Scanu, A. M. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m310425200 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Inhibition of Fibrinolysis by Lipoprotein(a)
Anglés‐Cano, E., de la Peña-Dı́az, A., & Loyau, S. (2001) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03514.x · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Expression of adhesion molecules by Lp(a): a potential novel mechanism for its atherogenicity
Allen, S. P., Khan, S., Tam, S., Koschinsky, M. L., Taylor, P., & Yacoub, M. H. (1998) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fasebj.12.15.1765 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Self-citationFactor XII Regulates the Pathological Process of Thrombus Formation on Ruptured Plaques
Kuijpers, M. J. E., van der Meijden, P. E. J., Feijge, M. A. H., et al. (2014) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.114.303315 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Desai, K., Bruckdorfer, K. R., Hutton, R. A., & Owen, J. S. (1989) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)38312-7 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Kuijpers, M. J. E., Gilio, K., Reitsma, S., Nergiz‐Unal, R., Prinzen, L., Heeneman, S., Lutgens, E., van Zandvoort, M. A. M. J., Nieswandt, B., Egbrink, M. G. A. O., et al. (2008) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2008.03186.x · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Lipoprotein(a) binds to human platelets and attenuates plasminogen binding and activation
Ezratty, A. M., Simon, D. I., & Loscalzo, J. (1993) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00068a021 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Dahlén, G., Berg, K., Gillnäs, T., et al. (1975) · Clinical Genetics · doi:10.1111/j.1399-0004.1975.tb00338.x · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Ribó, M., Montaner, J., Molina, C. A., et al. (2004) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000137608.73660.4c · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Lipoprotein(a) inhibition of plasminogen activation by tissue-type plasminogen activator
Edelberg, J. M., Gonzalez–Gronow, M., & Pizzo, S. V. (1990) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/0049-3848(90)90203-o · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Lipoprotein(a): more interesting than ever after 50 years
Dubé, J. B., Boffa, M. B., Hegele, R. A., & Koschinsky, M. L. (2012) · Current Opinion in Lipidology · doi:10.1097/mol.0b013e32835111d8 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Self-citationThe refined structure of the .epsilon.-aminocaproic acid complex of human plasminogen kringle 4
Wu, T. P., Padmanabhan, K., Tulinsky, A., et al. (1991) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00107a030 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Ernst, A., Helmhold, M., Brunner, C., Pethö‐Schramm, A., Armstrong, V. W., & Müller, H. (1995) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.270.11.6227 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Mechanisms of Lipoprotein(a) Pathogenicity
Spence, J. D., & Koschinsky, M. L. (2012) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.112.251306 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citationMontaner, J., Molina, C. A., Arenillas, J. F., et al. (2004) · Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1160/th04-02-0097 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Hixson, J. E., Britten, M. L., Manis, G. S., et al. (1989) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)83303-8 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Haque, N. S., Zhang, X., French, D. L., et al. (2000) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.102.7.786 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
The Kringle Domains of Human Plasminogen
Castellino, F., & McCance, S. G. (2007) · Novartis Foundation symposium · doi:10.1002/9780470515457.ch4 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Lipoprotein (a) and Venous Thromboembolism in Adults: A Meta-Analysis
Sofi, F., Marcucci, R., Abbate, R., Gensini, G. F., & Prisco, D. (2007) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2007.01.029 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Lamon‐Fava, S., Marcovina, S. M., Albers, J. J., Kennedy, H., DeLuca, C., White, C. C., Cupples, L. A., McNamara, J. R., SEMAN, L. J., Bongard, V., et al. (2011) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.m012526 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Suenson, E., & Petersen, L. C. (1986) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology · doi:10.1016/0167-4838(86)90260-8 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Apolipoprotein(a) Enhances Platelet Responses to the Thrombin Receptor–Activating Peptide SFLLRN
Rand, M. L., Sangrar, W., Hancock, M. A., et al. (1998) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.18.9.1393 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Undas, A., Plicner, D., Stępień, E. Ł., et al. (2007) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02637.x · Cited by 83 · see citing works
The Recurring Evolution of Lipoprotein(a)
Lawn, R. M., Boonmark, N. W., Schwartz, K., Lindahl, G. E., Wade, D. P., Byrne, C. D., Fong, K. J., Meer, K., & Patthy, L. (1995) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.270.41.24004 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Romagnuolo, R., Marcovina, S. M., Boffa, M. B., et al. (2014) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.m036566 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citationLipoprotein(a) Is Associated Differentially With Carotid Stenosis, Occlusion, and Total Plaque Area
Klein, J., Hegele, R. A., Hackam, D. G., et al. (2008) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.108.169292 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Schächinger, V., Halle, M., Minners, J., Berg, A., & Zeiher, A. M. (1997) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(97)00237-4 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Venous and arterial thrombosis: Different sides of the same coin?
Franchini, M., & Mannucci, P. M. (2008) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2007.10.019 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Leibundgut, G., Arai, K., Orsoni, A., Yin, H., Scipione, C. A., Miller, E. R., Koschinsky, M. L., Chapman, M. J., Witztum, J. L., & Tsimikas, S. (2012) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2011.12.033 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Self-citationLipoprotein(a) as a modifier of fibrin clot permeability and susceptibility to lysis
Undas, A., Stępień, E. Ł., Tracz, W., et al. (2006) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2006.01903.x · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Libourel, E. J., Bank, I., Meinardi, J. R., Volkers, C., Hamulyák, K., Middeldorp, S., Koopman, M. M. W., Pampus, E. C. M. V., Prins, M. H., Buller, H. R., et al. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Multiple members of the plasminogen-apolipoprotein(a) gene family associated with thrombosis
Ichinose, A. (1992) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00127a011 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Relation of plasma lipoprotein(a) to infarct artery patency in survivors of myocardial infarction.
Moliterno, D. J., Lange, R. A., Meidell, R. S., et al. (1993) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.88.3.935 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Gabel, B. R., May, L. F., Marcovina, S. M., & Koschinsky, M. L. (1996) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.16.12.1559 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationAnalysis of the Proteolytic Activity of a Recombinant Form of Apolipoprotein(a)
Gabel, B. R., & Koschinsky, M. L. (1995) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00048a023 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citationCockell, C. S., Marshall, J. M., Dawson, K. M., et al. (1998) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj3330099 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Pellegrino, M. W., Furmaniak-Kazmierczak, E., LeBlanc, J. C., Cho, T., Cao, K., Marcovina, S. M., Boffa, M. B., Côté, G. P., & Koschinsky, M. L. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m309705200 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citationVáli, Z., & Patthy, L. (1984) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)89800-3 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Sangrar, W., Bajzar, L., Nesheim, M. E., et al. (1995) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00015a028 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Chernysh, I. N., Nagaswami, C., & Weisel, J. W. (2011) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2010-07-297671 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Effectors of the activation of human [Glu1]plasminogen by human tissue plasminogen activator
Urano, T., de Serrano, V. S., Gaffney, P. J., et al. (1988) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00417a049 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Goldenberg, N. A., Bernard, T. J., Hillhouse, J., et al. (2013) · Haematologica · doi:10.3324/haematol.2012.073833 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Feric, N. T., Boffa, M. B., Johnston, S. M., et al. (2008) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2008.03183.x · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citationLipids and carotid plaque in the Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS)
Gardener, H. E., Della‐Morte, D., Elkind, M. S. V., Sacco, R. L., & Rundek, T. (2009) · BMC Cardiovascular Disorders · doi:10.1186/1471-2261-9-55 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Schneider, M., Witztum, J. L., Young, S. G., Ludwig, E. H., Miller, E. R., Tsimikas, S., Curtiss, L. K., Marcovina, S. M., Taylor, J. M., Lawn, R. M., et al. (2005) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.m400467-jlr200 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Binding of Recombinant Apolipoprotein(a) to Human Platelets and Effect on Platelet Aggregation
Martı́nez, C., Rivera, J., Loyau, S., et al. (2001) · Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1055/s-0037-1615654 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Sangrar, W., Gabel, B. R., Boffa, M. B., et al. (1997) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi962433d · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citationBiemond, B. J., Friederich, P. W., Koschinsky, M. L., et al. (1997) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.96.5.1612 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationInfluence of plasma lipoprotein(a) levels on coronary vasomotor response to acetylcholine
Tsurumi, Y., Nagashima, H., Ichikawa, K., et al. (1995) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0735-1097(95)00321-5 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Toward an understanding of fibrin branching structure
Fogelson, A. L., & Keener, J. P. (2010) · Physical Review E · doi:10.1103/physreve.81.051922 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Hervio, L., Durlach, V., Girard-Globa, A., et al. (1995) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00041a011 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Marti, D. N., Hu, C.-K., An, S. S. A., et al. (1997) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi971316v · Cited by 54 · see citing works
McCance, S. G., Menhart, N., & Castellino, F. (1994) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)31649-1 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Becker, L., Cook, P. M., Wright, T. G., et al. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m309414200 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Comparison of ligand-binding sites of modeled apo[a] kringle-like sequences in human lipoprotein[a].
Guevara, J., Jan, A. Y., Knapp, R. D., et al. (1993) · Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis A Journal of Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.13.5.758 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Lp(a) Particles Mold Fibrin-Binding Properties of Apo(a) in Size-Dependent Manner
Kang, C., Domínguez, M., Loyau, S., et al. (2002) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000021144.87870.c8 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Factor XI Regulates Pathological Thrombus Formation on Acutely Ruptured Atherosclerotic Plaques
van Montfoort, M. L., Kuijpers, M. J. E., Knaup, V. L., et al. (2014) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.114.303209 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Williams, J. K., Bellinger, D. A., Nichols, T. C., et al. (1993) · Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis A Journal of Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.13.4.548 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
The Structures of Domains of Blood Proteins
Tulinsky, A. (1991) · Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1055/s-0038-1646368 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Danik, J. S., Buring, J. E., Chasman, D. I., et al. (2012) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/jth.12056 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Tsironis, L. D., Mitsios, J. V., Milionis, H. J., Elisaf, M., & Tselepis, A. D. (2004) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1016/j.cardiores.2004.03.005 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Lipoprotein[a] in the chimpanezee: relationship of apo[a] phenotype to elevated plasma Lp[a] levels.
Doucet, C., Huby, T., Chapman, J., & Thillet, J. (1994) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)41215-5 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
The course and prerequisites of Lys-plasminogen formation during fibrinolysis
Suenson, E., & Thorsen, S. (1988) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00407a029 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Lipid levels do not influence the risk of venous thromboembolism
Mahmoodi, B. K., Gansevoort, R. T., Muntinghe, F. L. H., Dullaart, R. P. F., Kluin‐Nelemans, H. C., Veeger, N. J. G. M., van Schouwenburg, I. M., & Meijer, K. (2012) · Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1160/th12-06-0426 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Hervio, L., Girard-Globa, A., Durlach, V., et al. (1996) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2362.1996.156288.x · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Hoover, G. J., Menhart, N., Martin, A., et al. (1993) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00092a002 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Lipoprotein(a) in diet-induced atherosclerosis in nonhuman primates.
Nachman, R. L., Gavish, D., Azrolan, N., et al. (1991) · Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis A Journal of Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.11.1.32 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Lipoprotein(a) concentration is not associated with venous thromboembolism in a case control study.
Lippi, G., Bassi, A., Brocco, G., et al. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Effects of lipoprotein (a) on success rate of thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction
von Hodenberg, E., Kreuzer, J., Hautmann, M. B., et al. (1991) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(91)90464-v · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Elevated fibrinogen causes thrombosis
Ariëns, R. A. S. (2011) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2011-03-340422 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Kang, C., Durlach, V., Soulat, T., et al. (1997) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.17.10.2036 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Lipoprotein (a), LPA Ile4399Met, and Fibrin Clot Properties
Rowland, C. M., Pullinger, C. R., Luke, M. M., et al. (2014) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2014.01.024 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Ye, Q., Rahman, M. N., Koschinsky, M. L., & Jia, Z. (2001) · Protein Science · doi:10.1110/ps.01701 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationHaider, A. W., Andreotti, F., Thompson, G. R., Kluft, C., Maseri, A., & Davies, G. J. (1996) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.94.9.2072 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
López, S., Buil, A., Ordóñez‐Llanos, J., Souto, J. C., Almasy, L. A., Lathrop, M. G., Blangero, J., Blanco‐Vaca, F., Fontcuberta, J., & Soria, J. M. (2008) · European Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1038/ejhg.2008.114 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Rahman, M. N., Becker, L., Petrounevitch, V., et al. (2001) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi010964i · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Tsurupa, G., Ho‐Tin‐Noé, B., Anglés‐Cano, E., et al. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m305154200 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Falcó, C., Dalmau, J., España, F., et al. (1998) · Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1055/s-0037-1615071 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Barre, D. E. (2006) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2006.04.013 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Bilgen, D., Sönmez, H. A., Ekmekçi, H., Ulutin, T., Öztürk, Z., Kökoǧlu, E., Gurel, C. B., Soner, A., & Domaniç, N. (2004) · Clinical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2004.09.011 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Coronary recanalization rate after intravenous bolus of alteplase in acute myocardial infarction
Junior, B. T., Chamone, D. F., Cobbaert, C. M., et al. (1991) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0002-9149(91)90737-6 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Mbewu, A. D., Durrington, P. N., Mackness, M., et al. (1994) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.71.4.316 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Edelstein, C., Pfaffinger, D., Yang, M., Hill, J. S., & Scanu, A. M. (2010) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2010.03.009 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Armstrong, V. W. (1990) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(90)92557-x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Apo(a) promotes thrombosis in a vascular injury model by a mechanism independent of plasminogen
Sha, J., MCCULLOUGH, B., Hart, E., et al. (2005) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2005.01540.x · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Grifoni, E., Marcucci, R., Ciuti, G., et al. (2012) · Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis · doi:10.1055/s-0032-1301420 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Lipoprotein(a) accelerates atherosclerosis in uremic mice
Pedersen, T. X., McCormick, S. P. A., Tsimikas, S., Bro, S., & Nielsen, L. B. (2010) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.m006742 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Belczewski, A. R., Ho, J., Taylor, F. B., et al. (2004) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi048156p · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Barre, D. E. (1998) · Platelets · doi:10.1080/09537109876852 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Apolipoprotein (a) mediates the lipoprotein (a)-induced biphasic shift in human platelet cyclic AMP
Barre, D. E. (2003) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2004.01.002 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Rodger, M. A., Gal, G. L., Carrier, M., Betancourt, M. T., Kahn, S. R., Wells, P. S., Anderson, D. R., Lacut, K., Chagnon, I., Solymoss, S., et al. (2010) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2010.06.007 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Brügemann, J., van der Meer, J., Hillege, H. L., et al. (1994) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0167-5273(94)90265-8 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Kim, J. W., Seo, H. S., Suh, S. Y., et al. (2008) · Clinical Cardiology · doi:10.1002/clc.20143 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Nisio, M. D., WOLDE, M. T., Meijers, J. C. M., et al. (2005) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2005.01517.x · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Knapp, J.-P., & Herrmann, W. (2004) · Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) · doi:10.1515/cclm.2004.205 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Matsuda, S., Arima, M., Ohigawa, T., et al. (2004) · Japanese Heart Journal · doi:10.1536/jhj.45.397 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Lipoprotein(a) and the risk of thromboembolism in Thai children
Sirachainan, N., Chaiyong, C., Visudtibhan, A., et al. (2010) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2010.11.002 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Does Increased Lipoprotein (a) Impair the Effectiveness of Thrombolysis With Streptokinase?
Tokgozoglu, S. L., Özmen, F., Kabukçu, M., et al. (1995) · Angiology · doi:10.1177/000331979504600812 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Borén, J., Chapman, M. J., Krauss, R. M., Packard, C. J., Bentzon, J. F., Binder, C. J., Daemen, M. J., Demer, L. L., Hegele, R. A., Nicholls, S. J., et al. (2020) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz962 · Cited by 1,601 · see citing works
A Test in Context: Lipoprotein(a)
Tsimikas, S. (2017) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2016.11.042 · Cited by 1,137 · see citing works
Kinoshita, M., Yokote, K., Arai, H., Iida, M., Ishigaki, Y., Ishibashi, S., Umemoto, S., Egusa, G., Ohmura, H., Okamura, T., et al. (2018) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.gl2017 · Cited by 813 · see citing works
Reyes-Soffer, G., Ginsberg, H. N., Berglund, L., Duell, P. B., Heffron, S. P., Kamstrup, P. R., Lloyd-Jones, D. M., Marcovina, S. M., Yeang, C., Koschinsky, M. L., et al. (2022) · Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atv.0000000000000147 · Cited by 836 · see citing works
Self-citationNordestgaard, B. G., & Langsted, A. (2016) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.r071233 · Cited by 575 · see citing works
Willeit, P., Ridker, P. M., Nestel, P. J., Simes, J., Tonkin, A. M., Pedersen, T. R., Schwartz, G. G., Olsson, A. G., Colhoun, H. M., Kronenberg, F., et al. (2018) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31652-0 · Cited by 564 · see citing works
High lipoprotein(a) and high risk of mortality
Langsted, A., Kamstrup, P. R., & Nordestgaard, B. G. (2019) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehy902 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Lipid-Lowering Agents: Targets Beyond PCSK9
Hegele, R. A., & Tsimikas, S. (2019) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.118.313171 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Update on the laboratory investigation of dyslipidemias
Ramasamy, I. (2018) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2018.01.015 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
The lipid paradox in neuroprogressive disorders: Causes and consequences
Morris, G., Berk, M., Walder, K., O’Neil, A., Maes, M., & Puri, B. K. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.017 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Siudut, J., Natorska, J., Wypasek, E., Wiewiórka, Ł., Ostrowska-Kaim, E., Wiśniowska-Śmiałek, S., Plens, K., Musialek, P., Legutko, J., & Undas, A. (2022) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.01.011 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
- Authors
- Boffa, M. B., & Koschinsky, M. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Windsor (CA)
- Western University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Koschinsky, Marlys L.
- Venue
- Journal of Lipid Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-05
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 745-757
- ISSN
- 0022-2275 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4847635
- OpenAlex
- W2234206893
- Cited by
- 309
- References
- 145
- Citations by year
- 2026: 37 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 6
- FWCI
- 1.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Lipid Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (126076)
- Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada (G-13-0003091)
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (RGPIN/05006-2015)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Blood Coagulation and Thrombosis Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipid metabolism and disorders
- Keywords
- lipoprotein(a), coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis, arterial thrombosis, venous thrombosis, fibrinolysis inhibition, plasminogen, apolipoprotein(a), cardiovascular risk factors, therapeutic target
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cardiovascular Diseases, Humans, Hyperlipidemias, Plasminogen, Thrombosis, Lipoprotein(a), Structural Homology, Protein
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review