Apoprotein E as a lipid transport and signaling protein in the blood, liver, and artery wall
Open accessAbstract
Apoprotein E (apoE) is synthesized by a number of tissues including the liver, brain, adipose tissue, and artery wall. The majority of apoE is found in the plasma associated with specific lipoprotein subclasses and is derived primarily from the liver. However the fact that apoE expression is sustained in nonhepatic tissues suggests that the local production must have some unique functional attribute. ApoE is involved in many steps in lipid and lipoprotein homeostasis, for the triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and for HDL. ApoE is also important for lipid homeostasis in the brain, artery wall, and adipose tissue through its synthesis by glial cells, adipocytes, and macrophages. In addition, nonlipid related functions have also been attributed to apoE, including effects on immune response and inflammation, oxidation, and smooth muscle proliferation and migration. Some of these effects have been shown to be dependent upon different domains of the protein, different concentrations, and lipidation state. Thus, this multifunctional protein impacts normal and pathophysiology at multiple levels.
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ApoE is a key constituent of plasma LNPs although the secreted apoprotein is undetectable in plasma.
“apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is a key constituent of plasma LNPs7, 8 although the secreted apoprotein is undetectable in plasma.9, 10”
From ApoE is Secreted as a Lipid Nanoparticle by Mammalian Cells: Implications for Alzheimer’s Disease Pathogenesis (2025) · cites this paper as [8]
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- Authors
- Getz, G. S., & Reardon, C. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Chicago (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Lipid Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-04
- Volume
- 50
- Pages
- S156-S161
- ISSN
- 0022-2275 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2674757
- OpenAlex
- W2077249332
- Cited by
- 319
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 4.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Lipid Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipid metabolism and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Keywords
- apolipoprotein E, lipid transport, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, HDL cholesterol, liver, brain, adipose tissue, glial cells, macrophages, adipocytes, inflammation, immune response, oxidative stress, smooth muscle cell proliferation, protein lipidation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Apolipoproteins E, Arteries, Biological Transport, Homeostasis, Inflammation, Cholesterol, HDL, Liver, Organ Specificity, Triglycerides, Signal Transduction, Atherosclerosis
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