Cited by 187Multiple Myeloma Research and TreatmentsChronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ResearchLymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment

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Genomic Profiling of Smoldering Multiple Myeloma Identifies Patients at a High Risk of Disease Progression

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Abstract

PURPOSE: Smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) is a precursor condition of multiple myeloma (MM) with a 10% annual risk of progression. Various prognostic models exist for risk stratification; however, those are based on solely clinical metrics. The discovery of genomic alterations that underlie disease progression to MM could improve current risk models. METHODS: We used next-generation sequencing to study 214 patients with SMM. We performed whole-exome sequencing on 166 tumors, including 5 with serial samples, and deep targeted sequencing on 48 tumors. RESULTS: We observed that most of the genetic alterations necessary for progression have already been acquired by the diagnosis of SMM. Particularly, we found that alterations of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway ( KRAS and NRAS single nucleotide variants [SNVs]), the DNA repair pathway (deletion 17p, TP53, and ATM SNVs), and MYC (translocations or copy number variations) were all independent risk factors of progression after accounting for clinical risk staging. We validated these findings in an external SMM cohort by showing that patients who have any of these three features have a higher risk of progressing to MM. Moreover, APOBEC associated mutations were enriched in patients who progressed and were associated with a shorter time to progression in our cohort. CONCLUSION: SMM is a genetically mature entity whereby most driver genetic alterations have already occurred, which suggests the existence of a right-skewed model of genetic evolution from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance to MM. We identified and externally validated genomic predictors of progression that could distinguish patients at high risk of progression to MM and, thus, improve on the precision of current clinical models.

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Authors
Bustoros, M., Sklavenitis-Pistofidis, R., Park, J., Redd, R., Zhitomirsky, B., Dunford, A. J., Salem, K., Tai, Y.-T., Anand, S., Mouhieddine, T. H., Chavda, S. J., Boehner, C., Elagina, L., Neuse, C. J., Cha, J., Rahmat, M., Taylor-Weiner, A., Van Allen, E., Kumar, S., Kastritis, E., Leshchiner, I., Morgan, E. A., Laubach, J., Casneuf, T., Richardson, P., Munshi, N. C., Anderson, K. C., Trippa, L., Aguet, F., Stewart, C., Dimopoulos, M.-A., Yong, K., Bergsagel, P. L., Manier, S., Getz, G., & Ghobrial, I. M.
Affiliations
  • Broad Institute (US)
  • Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
  • Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (US)
  • Harvard University (US)
  • University College London (GB)
  • Mayo Clinic (US)
  • National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR)
  • Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
  • Janssen (Belgium) (BE)
  • Université de Lille (FR)
Corresponding author
Ghobrial, Irene M.
Venue
Journal of Clinical Oncology
Published
2020-07-20
Volume
38
Issue
21
Pages
2380-2389
ISSN
  • 0732-183X (ISSN-L)
  • 1527-7755
OpenAlex
W3027407129
Cited by
187
References
10
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 16
FWCI
17.20
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Clinical Oncology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation
  • Leukemia and Lymphoma Society
  • Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Medical Research Foundation
  • Celgene
  • European Hematology Association (TRTH177)
  • Cancer Research UK
  • National Institutes of Health
  • Stand Up To Cancer
  • Pharmacyclics
  • National Human Genome Research Institute (T32HG002295)
  • National Cancer Institute (R01CA195688, R01CA205954, R01CA168762, P50CA186781)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Multiple Myeloma Research and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment
Keywords
smoldering multiple myeloma, progression to multiple myeloma, KRAS mutation, NRAS mutation, TP53 mutation, ATM mutations, 17p deletion, MYC translocation, MAPK signaling, DNA repair pathways, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, time to progression
MeSH terms
Smoldering Multiple Myeloma, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Disease Progression, Genomics, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing

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