Working with rather than against macaques during blood collection
Abstract
Training macaques to cooperate during blood collection is a practicable and safe alternative to the traditional procedure implying forced restraint. It takes a cumulative total of about 1 hr to train an adult female or adult male rhesus macaque successfully to present a leg voluntarily and accept venipuncture in the homecage. Cooperative animals do not show the significant cortisol response and defensive reactions that typically occur in animals who are forcibly restrained during this common procedure.
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Positive reinforcement training has been used successfully to train zoo animals to participate in their care for many procedures, including crate training, blood draws, X-rays, dental care, and weighing.
“Positive reinforcement training (PRT) has been used successfully to train animals in zoos to participate in their care for a variety of procedures for many years, including crate training [57,58], blood draws [59,60], X-rays, dental care, weighing, and other procedures [61].”
From The Concept of Agency, Animal Wellbeing, and the Practical Realities of Ex Situ Breeding Programs in Zoos and Aquariums (2024) · cites this paper as [59]
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- Authors
- Reinhardt, V.
- Affiliations
- Animal Welfare Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Reinhardt, Viktor
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2003-07
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 189-197
- ISSN
- 1088-8705 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-7604
- OpenAlex
- W2067547549
- Cited by
- 96
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 10.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Center for Research Resources (RR 00167, P51RR000167)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Veterinary Pharmacology and Anesthesia
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Keywords
- rhesus monkeys, blood collection, animal training, venipuncture, cortisol response, defensive behavior, animal welfare
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Animal Welfare, Blood Specimen Collection, Bloodletting, Cooperative Behavior, Female, Hydrocortisone, Macaca mulatta, Male, Restraint, Physical, Stress, Physiological, Time Factors
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