Cited by 120Human-Animal Interaction StudiesAnimal Behavior and Welfare StudiesStress Responses and Cortisol

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Physiological Arousal for Companion Dogs Working With Their Owners in Animal-Assisted Activities and Animal-Assisted Therapy

Haubenhofer, Dorit Karla, Kirchengast, Sylvia·2006·Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science

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Abstract

This study investigated the physiological reactions of companion dogs (Canis familiaris) used in animal-assisted activities and animal-assisted therapy by measuring salivary cortisol concentrations. The dog caregivers (owners) collected saliva samples (a) at 3 control days without therapeutic work, (b) directly before and after each therapeutic session during 3 consecutive months, and (c) again at 3 control days without therapeutic work. The study used an enzyme immunoassay to analyze the samples. Cortisol concentrations were significantly higher during therapy days than on control days. Dogs working during the first half of the day produced higher cortisol concentrations after therapeutic sessions than before, whereas dogs working in the afternoon produced lower cortisol concentrations. Cortisol concentrations were higher in short sessions than in long ones and increased relative to the number of therapeutic sessions done during the sampling period. The results indicate that therapeutic work was physiologically arousing for the dogs in this study. Whether these physiological responses are indicative of potentially negative stress or of positive excitement remains an open question.

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Hur påverkas vård- och terapihundar av sitt arbete och hur uppfattar föraren hundens känslor? How does animal assisted activities affect working dogs and what is the owner's perception of the dogs emotions?
Kindsjö, J. (2014)

Authors: Haubenhofer, D. K., & Kirchengast, S.
Affiliations: University of Vienna (AT)
ORCID: Kirchengast, Sylvia
Venue: Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2006-04
Volume: 9
Issue: 2
Pages: 165-172
ISSN: 1088-8705 (ISSN-L)
1532-7604
DOI: 10.1207/s15327604jaws0902_5
OpenAlex: W1994738802
Cited by: 120
References: 12
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 3
FWCI: 1.33
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Universität Wien
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Human-Animal Interaction Studies
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Keywords: pet dogs, animal-assisted therapy, animal-assisted activities, salivary cortisol, physiological arousal, canine stress, dog owners, working dogs, session duration, time of day effects
MeSH terms: Animals, Dogs, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Saliva, Stress, Psychological, Work

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Physiological Arousal for Companion Dogs Working With Their Owners in Animal-Assisted Activities and Animal-Assisted Therapy

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