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Cited by 239Human-Animal Interaction StudiesAnimal Behavior and Welfare StudiesVeterinary Practice and Education Studies

Current Perspectives on Therapy Dog Welfare in Animal-Assisted Interventions

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Glenk, Lisa·2017·Animals
DOI 10.3390/ani7020007PMC PMC5332928
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Abstract

Research into the effects of animal-assisted interventions (AAIs) has primarily addressed human health outcomes. In contrast, only few publications deal with the therapy dog experience of AAIs. This paper provides an overview on potential welfare threats that therapy dogs may encounter and presents the results of a review of available studies on welfare indicators for therapy dogs during AAIs. Previous investigations used physiological and behavioral welfare indicators and dog handler surveys to identify work-related stress. Research outcomes are discussed in the light of strengths and weaknesses of the methods used. Study results suggest that frequency and duration of AAI sessions, novelty of the environment, controllability, age and familiarity of recipients modulate animal welfare indicators. However, this review reveals that currently, clear conclusions on how the well-being of dogs is influenced by the performance in AAIs are lacking due to the heterogeneity of programs, recipient and session characteristics, small dog sample sizes and methodological limitations. This paper further aimed to identify unresolved difficulties in previous research to pave the way for future investigations supporting the applicability of scientific findings in practice.

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Authors
Glenk, L.
Affiliations
University of Vienna (AT)
Corresponding author
Glenk, Lisa
ORCID
Glenk, Lisa
Venue
Animals
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2017-02-01
Volume
7
Issue
2
Pages
7
ISSN
2076-2615 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/ani7020007
PMC
PMC5332928
OpenAlex
W2583431242
Cited by
239
References
88
Citations by year
2026: 25 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4
FWCI
2.24
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Animals (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Messerli-Stiftung
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Human-Animal Interaction Studies
  • Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › Veterinary Practice and Education Studies
Keywords
therapy dogs, animal welfare, animal-assisted interventions, welfare indicators, physiological parameters, behavioral indicators, occupational stress, dog handlers, session duration, controllability

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