The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Noncognitive Effects on Attitude Formation and Change: Fact or Artifact?
Abstract
Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, there was widespread acceptance of belief‐based models of attitude formation and change. Beginning in the 1980s, a number of theories, models, and approaches began to argue for nonbelief‐based determinants and to reject the notion of a purely cognitive, expectancy‐value or multiattribute basis for attitude. In this article, we empirically demonstrate that many findings that appear to support this latter view may be nothing more than methodological artifacts resulting from the use of inappropriate (i.e., theoretically incorrect, noncorrespondent, or invalid) attitudinal predictors and/or criteria.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Feeling and thinking: Preferences need no inferences.
Zajonc, R. B. (1980) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.35.2.151 · Cited by 8,094
Chaiken, S., & Stangor, C. (1987) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.38.020187.003043 · Cited by 518
Cited by
Nature and Operation of Attitudes
Ajzen, I. (2001) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.27 · Cited by 4,321
The Predictive Validity of Multiple-Item versus Single-Item Measures of the Same Constructs
Bergkvist, L., & Rossiter, J. R. (2007) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1509/jmkr.44.2.175 · Cited by 3,107
Petty, R. E., Wegener, D. T., & Fabrigar, L. R. (1997) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.48.1.609 · Cited by 2,290
Theories of reasoned action and planned behavior as models of condom use: A meta-analysis.
Albarracín, D., Johnson, B. T., Fishbein, M., & Muellerleile, P. A. (2001) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.127.1.142 · Cited by 1,769
Self-citationConceptualizing Personal and Extrapersonal Associations
Olson, M. A., Fazio, R. H., & Han, H. A. (2009) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2008.00164.x · Cited by 29
Metadata
- Authors
- Fishbein, M., & Middlestadt, S.
- Venue
- Journal of Consumer Psychology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1995-01
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 181-202
- ISSN
- 1057-7408 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-7663
- OpenAlex
- W2053014364
- Cited by
- 219
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 24.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Noncognitive Effects on Attitude Formation and Change: Fact or Artifact? https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1207/s15327663jcp0402_05
- The paper
- Fishbein, M., & Middlestadt, S. (1995). Noncognitive Effects on Attitude Formation and Change: Fact or Artifact? Journal of Consumer Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327663jcp0402_05
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
