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Cited by 26Phytoestrogen effects and researchEstrogen and related hormone effectsEffects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals

Urinary sex steroid excretion levels during a soy intervention among young girls: a pilot study

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Maskarinec, Gertraud, Morimoto, Yukiko, Novotny, Rachel, Nordt, Frank J., Stanczyk, Frank Z., Franke, Adrian A.·2005·Nutrition and Cancer
DOI 10.1207/s15327914nc5201_3PMC PMC1415269
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Abstract

Soy intake early in life may protect against breast cancer later in life, possibly by altering sex hormone metabolism. We evaluated the feasibility of assessing urinary sex steroid excretion among 20 young girls aged 8-14 yr in an 8-wk trial. The girls consumed one daily soy serving, collected weekly overnight urine samples, and reported Tanner stages for breast and pubic hair development. Sex steroid excretion was measured in duplicate by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and adjusted for urinary creatinine. The respective coefficients of variation for estrone, estradiol, estriol, testosterone, pregnanediol were 11.4%, 10.4%, 8.4%, 12.8%, and 4.6%. The statistical analysis included t-tests, Spearman's correlations, and analysis of variance. Seventeen girls completed the study and showed good compliance with the intervention strategy. We observed nonsignificant increases in total androgens (0.11 microg/mg creatinine) and total estrogens (0.001 microg/mg creatinine) and a nonsignificant decrease in pregnanediol (-0.03 microg/mg creatinine) during the study period. Higher Tanner stages for pubic hair development were associated with ninefold higher estrogen, fourfold higher androgen, and twofold higher pregnanediol excretions (P=0.01, P<0.001, and P=0.047, respectively). Similar differences were observed after stratification by breast development and menarcheal status. The association of sex steroid levels with pubertal development supports the validity of the sex steroid measurements.

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  • In studies among healthy women, there were no significant changes compared to baseline in endometrial thickness, rates of normal mammogram results, menstrual cycle length, urinary excretion of estrogen, or ratio of urinary estrogen metabolites 2:16 OH-estrone.

    “In studies conducted among healthy women, there were no significant changes compared to baseline in endometrial thickness [118]; rates of normal mammogram results [118]; menstrual cycle length [120-122]; or urinary excretion of estrogen [123] or the ratio of urinary estrogen metabolites 2:16 OH-estrone (E1) [123,124].”

    From Soy, Red Clover, and Isoflavones and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review (2013) · cites this paper as [123]

    The Results report no statistically significant change in total urinary estrogen excretion during the soy intervention (P = 0.87). However, the participants were girls aged 8–14, not adult women. The Materials and Methods list 2- and 16α-hydroxyestrone as measured metabolites, but the Results do not report a change in their ratio. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Maskarinec, G., Morimoto, Y., Novotny, R., Nordt, F. J., Stanczyk, F. Z., & Franke, A. A.
ORCID
Venue
Nutrition and Cancer
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2005-05
Volume
52
Issue
1
Pages
22-28
ISSN
  • 0163-5581 (ISSN-L)
  • 1532-7914
DOI
10.1207/s15327914nc5201_3
PMC
PMC1415269
OpenAlex
W2051279486
Cited by
26
References
2
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
FWCI
0.86
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nutrition and Cancer (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5p20rr011091-15, 5u54rr014607-10)
  • National Center for Research Resources (P20-RR011091, P20-RR11091, P20 RR011091-11, U54 RR014607-05)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Phytoestrogen effects and research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
Keywords
soy consumption, breast cancer prevention, sex steroid metabolism, young girls, pubertal development, Tanner stages, estradiol, estrone, estriol, testosterone, pregnanediol, androgens, menarche, measurement validity
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Analysis of Variance, Child, Estradiol, Estriol, Estrone, Female, Humans, Isoflavones, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Patient Compliance, Pilot Projects, Pregnanediol, Puberty, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Testosterone, Biomarkers, Urinalysis, Soy Foods

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